본 연구는 향기가 강한 장미를 선발하고 이화학적 향기 특성 을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 향기가 있는 장미 라인의 꽃 향기 는 향분석기와 MOS타입 전자코를 이용하여 향 강도와 패턴을 조사하였다. 향기 분석 결과, 장미 라인들 중 ‘RosaScentNIHHS1’ 이 가장 높은 향 강도를 나타냈으며, 전자코 데이터의 주성분분 석(PCA)과 판별함수분석(DFA) 결과, 다른 계통과 뚜렷이 구분 되는 향기 패턴을 보였다. 또한 ‘RosaScentNIHHS1’과 모부본 품종인 ‘위스퍼’ 꽃잎의 휘발성 화합물을 헤드스페이스-고체상미 세추출법(HS-SPME)과 가스크로마토그래피-질량분석기(GC-MS) 를 이용하여 분석하였다. ‘RosaScentNIHHS1’의 주요 휘발성 화합물은 3,5-dimethoxytoluene, citronellol, geraniol이었 으며, 모부본 품종 ‘위스퍼’의 주요 화합물은 3,5-dimethoxytoluene 및 cis-3-hexenyl acetate, 4-vinyl anisole이었다. 두 계통 은 화합물 조성과 각 성분의 상대 성분비에서 상당한 차이를 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과는 향기 특성을 기반으로 한 천연 화훼 자원 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

This study applied 18S rRNA metabarcoding to 13 fecal samples collected from the Japanese keelback (Hebius vibakari) on Jeju Island to identify its dietary composition and analyze its ecological characteristics. As expected, Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based Relative Read Abundance (RRA) analysis revealed high dominance of the phylum Chordata (85.0%), largely attributed to host-derived DNA and genetically similar taxa. This pattern underscores a technical limitation of the 18S marker-its low taxonomic resolution for reptiles, which can lead to species-level misidentification. To address this limitation, we performed a complementary Frequencyof- Occurrence (FOO) analysis, which revealed that various invertebrate groups contributed substantially to the diet, including Araneae (spiders, 28.8%), Clitellata (earthworms, 21.2%), and Insecta (15.0%). Notably, the high occurrence of earthworms suggests that H. vibakari on Jeju Island may employ an active foraging strategy, probing moist soil layers rather than feeding exclusively on surface-dwelling insects. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that combining FOO analysis with 18S metabarcoding can overcome key limitations of the molecular approach and provides the first detailed characterization of the wild diet of H. vibakari on Jeju Island. Future studies incorporating host-blocking primers or additional genetic markers with higher taxonomic resolution are needed to further refine dietary inferences.

본 연구의 목적은 5% 잣유(Pinus koraiensis oil)의 첨가 급여가 이상지질혈증 유발 Sprague-Dawley (SD)계 흰쥐의 혈청 지질 성분 및 단백질 농도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 시행하였다. 연구결과 잣유는 이상지질혈증으로 유발된 흰쥐의 혈청 총콜레스테롤, 총콜레스테롤에 대한 HDL-콜레 스테롤 농도비, 동맥경화지수(atherosclerotic index, AI)와 심혈관 위험지수(cardiac risk factor, CRF), LDL-콜레스테롤, 중성지질, 인지질, 유리 콜레스테롤 및 콜레스테롤 에스테르, 유리지방산 농도 감소에 효과를 보였으며, HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 증가시키는 효과를 보였다. 총단백질과 글로불린의 농도는 감소하였으며, 알부민/글로불린 비(A/G ratio)는 증가를 하였다. 따라서, 이상지질혈증 유발 흰쥐에서 잣유의 첨가 급여는 혈청 지질 성분의 개선과 단백질 농도에 영향을 미침으로써 혈중 콜레스테롤 및 혈행 개선 건강기능식품 소재로서의 이용 가능성이 있을 것으로 기대된다.

본고는 시몽동의 기술 철학을 토대로 생명게임과 생성적 작법을 활용한 오디오-비주얼 작품 창작에 대한 예비 연구이다. 저자는 존 콘웨 이의 생명게임이 가지는 결정론적 한계를 극복하고 새로운 예술 창작의 방향 제시를 위해 질베르 시몽동의 ‘정보’, ‘비결정성의 여지’와 ‘앙상 블’ 개념을 적용하고 생성적 작법을 통해 인간과 기술적 대상이 공동 구성하는 예술 작품을 생성하였다. 구현된 시각 요소는 생명게임의 셀군 집들이 생성하는 패턴 추출과 인간의 관심 영역 설정을 통해 생명게임의 복잡성을 해석하며, 반전된 상으로서의 순환적 경계 조건을 제안하여 생명게임이 가지는 결정성과 수렴성의 한계를 극복하고자 하였다. 더불어 청각 요소는 마코프 연쇄 기반의 인공지능을 활용한 화음 진행, 임의 성, 그리고 인간 조정 행위를 통해 생명게임을 음악화함으로써, 기술적 대상이 가진 비결정성의 여지를 확장하였다. 이러한 과정에서 생성된 작품 <비결정성을 위한 연습곡>은 기술적 대상과 인간이 대등한 존재자로 상호작용하며 공동 구성하는 새로운 창작 패러다임을 제시하며, 시 몽동의 정보 개념을 통해 각 셀의 상태 변화가 개체화 과정의 정보적 사건임을 보인다.

This study assessed how fruit size and cultivation region affect the distribution of carotenoids and flavonoids in sweet persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). We quantified concentrations in the whole fruit, peel, and pulp, and compared them across different size grades and cultivation regions. The fruit size did not significantly influence the levels of carotenoids or flavonoids, suggesting a limited direct relationship with phytochemical accumulation. Notably, the peel consistently contained the highest concentrations of the compounds analyzed. Regional comparisons revealed significant variability. In the whole fruit, flavonoids—except for quercetin 3-O-galactoside (Q3Gal)—were most concentrated in Gwangyang. In the peel, Q3Gal, quercetin 3-O-glucoside (Q3Glu), and zeaxanthin were most abundant in Naju–Yeongam, while β-carotene peaked in Gimhae–Changwon. To identify environmental influences, we examined climatic variables and found that a larger diurnal temperature range during the dormancy stage of fruit development correlated positively with higher flavonoid levels. Overall, these findings indicate that the functional components of sweet persimmon are primarily influenced by the growing region—potentially due to local weather conditions—rather than by fruit size. Additionally, consuming persimmons with their peel may enhance the intake of beneficial plant-derived compounds.

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events, driven by solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), are occasionally accompanied by ground level enhancements (GLEs), detected by neutron monitors. While GLEs represent only a subset of SEP events, their occurrence may provide insight into the acceleration and propagation mechanisms of SEPs. In this study, we conducted a statistical analysis of 122 SEP events from 1997 to 2023, including 16 events associated with GLE and 106 without, using elemental composition data from the ACE/SIS instrument and X-ray fluence data from GOES/XRS. The results show that SEP events with GLE exhibit significantly higher fluences of SIS elements (He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si) than those without, particularly at high energy channels. Notably, the fluences of carbon and oxygen were particularly enhanced in SEP events associated with GLE, suggesting a potential role for these elements in the generation of GLEs. A strong correlation (average r ≈ 0.75) was observed between the X-ray fluence of associated solar flares and the elemental fluences in SEP events with GLE, whereas a weaker correlation (average r ≈ 0.32–0.40) was found for SEP events without GLE. These findings imply that the presence of a GLE is linked to distinct acceleration conditions and enhanced ion production, particularly of light ions with large charge-to-mass ratios. This study contributes to a better understanding of SEP composition, GLE-associated mechanisms, and their relevance to space weather forecasting and radiation hazard assessments.

This study was conducted to evaluate the germination rate, chemical composition, and in vitro digestibility of sprouted barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sprouts depending on cultivar and growth duration. Four cultivars Keunalbori1ho, Saekeumkang, Arijinheuk, and Jokyoung were tested under hydroponic and nutrient solution conditions. The germination rate was significantly higher under hydroponic conditions compared to nutrient solution treatment. Sprouts were harvested at 0, 4, 6, and 8 days for subsequent analysis. Chemical compositions, such as dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and crude ash (CA), were analyzed following AOAC (2005) protocols, while neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were determined according to the method of Van Soest et al. (1991). In vitro digestibility was assessed by incubating ground samples with rumen buffer in DaisyII incubators for 48 h. At day 6 of growth, Keunalbori1ho showed the highest NDF and ADF concentrations (48.6% and 26.2%), reflecting its high structural fiber and the lowest digestibility (IVDMD 52.2%, IVNDFD 37.2%). However, it maintained consistent nutritional characteristics across all growth stages, suggesting potential as a stable forage source. In contrast, Saekeumkang exhibited the highest IVNDFD (59.1%) along with relatively low NDF (30.5%) and ADF (16.7%) values (p<0.05), indicating superior digestibility likely attributed to a simpler cell wall structure and higher NFC availability. Notably, digestibility sharply declined by day 8, implying that the optimal harvest window lies around day 6. Therefore, this study suggests that the cultivars Keunalbori1ho and Saekeumkang possess complementary strengths in terms of chemical composition and digestibility, underscoring the importance of optimizing cultivar selection and harvest timing to enhance the potential of cereal sprouts as high quality forage.

오늘날 가장 많이 사용되는 타로 중 하나인 유니버셜웨이트 타로는 크게 메이저 아르카나 22장, 마이너 아르카나 56장의 78장 카드로 구성되어 있다. 본 연구는 타로의 구성 체계를 순환, 수직, 수평적인 구성 체계로 분석하였다. 순환적 체계는 메이저 아르카나 22장이 인생의 순환과정을, 숫자 카드 4원소 가 4계절의 순환을 나타내고 있기 때문이다. 수직적 체계는 숫자 카드 4원소 가 신분을 의미할 때 하류층과 상류층으로, 코트 카드는 신분의 상하를 나타 내고 있기 때문이다. 수평적 체계는 숫자 카드 타로 4원소와 1번부터 10번까 지의 번호 카드 그 자체가 독립된 고유의 의미로 해석될 경우 수평적이기 때 문이다. 타로는 인간의 일상적인 삶을 담은 그림으로써 그림을 어느 측면에서 해석하느냐에 따라 다양한 체계로 볼 수 있다. 사실은 타로가 갖고 있는 의미 가 깊고 다양함을 보여주는 것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 타로 카드를 순환, 수 직, 수평적 체계로 분석함으로서 타로를 보다 깊이 이해하고 해석하는 데 조금이나마 도움을 주고자 하는것에있다.

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition of various edible and medicinal mushrooms and assess their potential as alternative food sources in response to increased meat consumption, which poses environmental and health risks. The crude protein, crude fat, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, and vitamin C contents of 17 edible and medicinal mushroom species, including Flammulina velutipes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, Agaricus bisporus, Lentinula edodes, and Wolfiporia extensa, were systematically analyzed. Pleurotus ostreatus‘Suhan 2’ and P. eryngii‘No. 2’ showed high crude protein and carbohydrate contents, suggesting excellent potential as alternative protein and energy sources. Flammulina velutipesvarieties ‘TO22’ and ‘Aram’ exhibited relatively high crude fat contents, whereas P. eryngii‘No. 2’ and P. ostreatus‘Suhan 2’ had high vitamin C levels, suggesting a beneficial role in immune enhancement. In contrast, the medicinal mushroom W. extensa had relatively low protein and dietary fiber contents, limiting its potential as an alternative protein source compared to the other edible mushrooms. Nonetheless, it may provide other health benefits. The present study provides foundational data for the utilization of mushrooms as sustainable alternative food resources, supporting efforts to mitigate environmental impacts of meat production and improve dietary health.

Laetiporus sulphureus, commonly known as ”chicken of the woods”, due to its chicken-like flavor, texture, and aroma, is a species of mushroom with high potential as an alternative to meat, given its reported protein content of 11% to 21%. This study was conducted to determine the optimal substrate composition for efficient mycelial production of L. sulphureus for use as an alternative to meat. Two types of sawdust, Populus deltoides and Quercus acutissima, and eight nutrient sources were applied in single and mixed compositions. Analysis of mycelial growth revealed that the media containing P. deltodies and Q. acutissima, only supplemented with beet pulp, had the highest mycelial extension, of 106.7 mm and 101.3 mm, respectively. In addition, protein content analysis revealed that the combinations with the highest protein content in mycelia were cultivated on P. deltodies sawdust supplemented with a mixture of beet pulp and corn (21.3%), and on Q. acutissima sawdust supplemented with cottonseed hull (22.0%). The optimal substrate compositions identified in this study will serve as fundamental data for the large-scale production of L. sulphureus mycelia as an alternative to meat.