The present study is intended to study sole types necessary for shoe designs for elementary school students that are in age groups in growth periods, and 3D midsole design utilizing 3D printing technology. This study analyzed data from the 3D measurement of the feet of 1,227 elementary school students aged 7－13 years residing in the capital region conducted as part of the 6th Anthropometry of Size Korea. In addition, 3D midsoles by sole type were designed utilizing a Rhino CAD, and midsole prototypes were output utilizing a Zortrax-M200 3D Printer. Through a cluster analysis of sole shapes by type, sole shapes were classified into three types. Type 1 has small values of foot lengths and foot breadths, with large toe 1 angles and high arch heights. Type 2 has intermediate values of foot lengths and foot breadths, with small toe 1 angles and high arch heights. Type 3 has large values of foot lengths and foot breadths with small toe 1 angles and low arch heights. On reviewing the results of design of 3D midsoles by sole type, it can be seen that the midsoles were designed according to characteristics by sole type. The results of the sole type analysis in the present study are expected to be meaningful as basic data for the development of shoe insoles for elementary school students.

The objective of this study is to investigate the perception and satisfaction of elementary and middle school students on free school food service. We surveyed education related to school food service, concerns about food ingredients, perceptions of free school food service and satisfaction for the quality of the school food service. The investigation is classified into two groups, schools that operate as a food service center or those that do not. Those who are provided food ingredients by school food service centers are educated about the agricultural products’ country-of-origin and their environmentfriendly food service. The more individuals are educated of the foods’ county-of-origin and environment-friendly food service the more they will have a higher concern of the food materials and subsequently a higher satisfaction for the quality of school food service. School food service centers managed directly by the local government would probably receive higher satisfaction than those consigned to a private sector. The results of this study will be meaningful to establish policies on school food service and school food service centers.

본 연구의 목적은 동물매개중재프로그램이 초등학생의 생명존중인식에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 예비연구이다. 이 프로그램에 참여한 대상은 I시 소재의 S 초등학교에서 방과후 학교를 신청한 3~6학년 17명의 평범한 학생들로 프로그램연구에 동의를 받아 2016년 3월 14일부터 5월 23일까지 매주 월요일마다 2시간씩 총 11회기를 실시하였다. 프로그램에 활용된 매개동물은 학교에서 2014년에 입양 받아 기르고 있는 학교 견 2두를 기본으로 하며 필요에 따라 치료도우미견 및 고양이를 활용하기도 하였다. 초등학생의 생명존중인식은 첫 회기에 사전검사를 실시하고 11회기에 사후검사 와 서술형 설문지를 실시했으며 수집된 자료는 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 대응 표본 T-test를 통해 프로그램 효과차이를 분석하였고, 설문지 내용을 통계하고 A~E 아동의 행동변화를 관찰하고 질적 분석하였다. 대상자들은 동물매개중재프로그램 실시 후에 생명존중인식의 유의한 차이를 보였다.

본 연구는 동물매개교육 프로그램을 통한 초등학교 학생들의 심리･정서 치유 및 생 명·존중의식 향상이라는 주제로 2014년 3월1일부터 2015년 2월 28일까지 진행이 되었으며, 전교생 중에 동물매개교육을 희망하는 학생 14명을 선발하여 진행이 되었다. 연구도구로는 6개의 변수(불안, 우울, 품행장애, ADHD, 생명존중의식)에 대한 사전 사 후 검사를 별도 측정해 프로그램의 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구방법으로는 사전· 사후검사를 통한 변화를 특정 하였다. 동물매개교육이 프로그램 참가 학생들의 심리· 정서 불안요인에 끼친 영향을 살펴 본 결과, 모든 영역에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났으며, 생명존중의식 또한 유의미한 결과가 나타났다. 이번 사례를 통해 동물매개교육프 로그램이 초등학생들에게 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 사실을 알 수 있었다.

중국에서 오랜 역사를 지닌 한자교학은 주로 아동을 대상으로 전개되었다. 현재의 아동을 대상으 로 하는 한자교육은 취학전 아동 및 학령아동을 상대로 진행된다. 만 6세 이하의 취학 전 아동에 대한 한자교육은 보통 유아식자교육이라 일컬으며, 기초교육단계의 학령아동(6~12세)에 대한 한 자교육은 학령아동 한자교육이라고 부른다. 현재 학계에서는 아동 한자교육의 실행 및 연구에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 취학 전 아동인 유아한자교육은 주로 식자에 중점을 두고 있다. 하지만 학령아동 한자교육 연구도 유아한자교육과 마찬가지로 여전히 식자에만 제한되어, 교육의 다양화 확대 및 제고를 실현하지 못하였다. 본고에서는 주로 학령아동 한자교육 대상인 초등학교 6세~12세 학생들이 학습하는 한자지식 내 용을 연구대상으로 삼고, 기초교육한자 교학 및 연구자들에게 다음의 연구 문제를 제시하였다. 첫 째, 기초교육단계에서 식자가 여전히 유일한 교학목표인가? 둘째, 학령아동에게 체계적인 한자 지 식을 전달할 수 있도록, 아동 식자교육의 개선 및 확대를 제고할 필요성은 없는가? 본고에서는 문헌조사, 정책분석, 설문조사 및 교학실천의 네 가지 방안을 토대로 학령아동을 대 상으로 한 확대된 한자교육 내용에 대해 새로운 방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

This study was undertaken to examine the knowledge about food culture and intakes of traditional food in Korean and Japanese elementary school students. In 2012 and 2013, a total of 265 students were surveyed, consisting of 73 Korean fifth graders and 192 Japanese sixth graders. The questionnaire comprised of queries on general items, the recognition and sampling of traditional and celebration foods, the knowledge about the partner country's food culture, and the frequency of consuming the partner country's foods. As a result of this study, the frequency of consuming their own country's traditional foods for Korean children (3.1 out of 5.0 points) and Japanese children (3.2 out of 5.0 points) was similar to each other. Japanese children reported to eat Korean foods (2.9 points) more frequently than those of Korean children to eat Japanese foods (2.4 out of 5.0 points) (p<0.001). However, the Korean children reported to have more experience on given typical Japanese foods than Japanese children reported about Korean foods. Further studies are needed for the perception on traditional foods in Korean and Japanese children. The results of this study can be used as a basic data to succeed and develop traditional food cultures.

본 연구는 방과후돌봄이 초등학교 고학년 아동의 학교생활 적응에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 것이다. 방과후돌봄은 가족돌봄과 사회적 돌봄을 포함하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 가족돌봄과 사회적 돌봄의 한 형태인 방과후교육의 학교생활 적응에 대한 영향 여부와, 또래애착 및 공동체의식의 매개역할 여부를 규명하고자 하였다. 본고에서 가족돌봄의 질은 부모의 친구관심으로 대표된 다. 방과후교육은 공공과 민간을 아우르는 다양한 돌봄서비스 이용 경험으로 측정한다. 분석자료는 한국아동청소년패널조사 (KCYPS) 2011년도 초등 5학년 아동과 보호자 2,200명의 데이터이다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 방과후방임은 학교생활적응에 부적 영향을 미치지만, 또래애착의 매개효과는 유의미하지 않다. 둘째, 방과후방임의 학교생활 적응에 대한 부적인 영향은 일부 공동체의식을 통해 매개된다. 셋째, 가족돌봄의 질 제고는 공동체의식과 또래애착을 증진시켜 학교생활 적응도를 높인다. 넷째, 방과후 교육은 공동체 의식과 또래애착을 증진시킴으로써 아동의 학교생활 적응도를 높인다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating habits and nutritional knowledge of elementary school students in regards to seafood in school meals. More than 80.6% of elementary school students reported an ‘average’ preference for seafood. While ‘taste’ and ‘healthy food’ were common reasons to prefer marine products, ‘unpleasant taste and smell’ was a common reason not to prefer seafood. Students in general stated ‘eating if possible’ as their attitude towards seafood in school meals, 38.1% responded ‘eating all’ as their intake level. There was a significant difference between preference for seafood by gender [boys, 3.44; girls, 3.64 (P<0.01)]. Also, students significantly difference preferred some types of seafood over others. The students who enjoyed eating seafood had more regular and balanced diets and a better attitude toward dietary life and health than did the counterparts who did not prefer seafood. A significant difference (P<0.05) in knowledge existed according to gender; girls had a higher level of knowledge than did boys.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between children’s dietary self-efficacy, general characteristics and mother’s parenting self-efficacy among elementary school students. Mother’s parenting self-efficacy was significantly higher as parents’ educational levels increased (p<0.001), as family monthly income level increased (p<0.001), and when father’s job was professional or managing work (p<0.001). Children’s dietary self-efficacy was meaningfully higher when parents’ educational levels were higher (p<0.01), and family income level was higher (p<0.01). Mother’s parenting selfefficacy showed a correlation with children’s dietary self-efficacy (p<0.001). All factors comprising parenting self-efficacy, such as ‘general parenting self-efficacy’ (p<0.001), ‘healthy parenting self-efficacy’ (p<0.001), ‘communication parenting self-efficacy’ (p<0.001), ‘educational parenting self-efficacy’ (p<0.001), and ‘control parenting self-efficacy’ (p<0.001) showed correlation with children’s dietary self-efficacy. It is suggested that in order to improve children’s dietary self-efficacy and mothers’ parenting self-efficacy, families, schools, and communities must put forth a concerted effort. By complementing existing nutritional programs focusing on nutritional knowledge, one can develop a education program and social support to enhance children’s dietary self-efficacy and mothers’ parenting self-efficacy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate temporal and spatial variations, and moments of the lower extremities of gait while playing the game with smartphone under different curb-heights. Ten male elementary school students(from 10 years to 13 years old) participated in this study. Twelve infrared cameras(Oqus-500) and two force plates(9260AA) were used for collecting data and these were processed via Visual 3D software. In conclusion, with or without smartphone and with different curb-heights, the spatial and temporal parameters of walking were not the same and coefficients of variations were not consistent. The maximum joint moments of the lower extremities with or without smartphone were not statistically significant but those of hip and ankle joint were statistically significant with regard to the different heights of the curbs.

본 연구는 감성이 메말라 가는 요즘 아이들에게 가장 필요한 지능 중 하나인 감성지능을 키워 안정된 인간관계를 가지고, 안정된 사회생활을 할 수 있도록 도와주고자 진행하게 되었다. 초등학생 1학년 학생을 대상으로 실험집단과 통제집단을 두어 ‘EQ연극놀이 프로그램’을 구안하고 적용하였다. ‘EQ연극놀이 프로그램’은 여러 가지 간접 체험을 해 볼 수 있는 교육연극에 감성지능을 키울 수 있는 요소를 강화시킨 프로그램으로 교육 과정 중에 자연스럽게 연극놀이를 도입하여 수시로 감성지능을 키울 수 있도록 계획되었다. 그 결과 ‘EQ연극놀이 프로그램’은 미래 사회의 중요한 인재가 될 아이들에게 자기 인식 및 자기표현, 자기조절능력, 타인인식능력, 타인 조절 및 대인관계능력에 모두 유의한 효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) exposure on the health of elementary school students. A total of 103 students 12~13 years old were chosen for the study. The experimental group consisted of 56 students who went to school near an overhead powerline. The ELF exposure and environmental hazard factors were evaluated during a 24-hour exposure period. The body and dwelling characteristics of the students as well as disease occurrence related to the respiratory system and allergies were investigated through a questionnaire. The brain wave and electrocardiogram were also inspected. The exposure of the group exposed while at a school located near a powerline was 6.8 mG (p<0.01). Based on the questionnaire results, neither the body or dwelling characteristics of the two groups were affected by the ELF emitted from powerline. There was no significant difference between the two groups in relation to the rate of occurrence of respiratory diseases such as wheezing, asthma and bronchitis. Although brain waves of the group exposed to ELF were lower than that of the group not exposed to it in terms of absolute power of gamma and beta, there is no significant difference between the health status of the two groups. According to our study, school students who lived near a power line were exposed to higher ELF levels than those away from a power line. The two groups have significant differences inBrain wave and ECG, but this change doesn't mean there is a difference in health status. Finally, our study has a limitation in terms of the number of study subjects and the restricted area examined.

This study examined how smart device applications affected elementary school students who have learning difficulties in English. Five 6th grade students who needed remedial instruction were selected and given 50 hours of instruction using English vocabulary flash cards in a smartphone application. one hundred vocabulary words were chosen and developed for flash cards for the students to examine their intellectual and emotional changes in English learning. The research results showed that the students' vocabulary improved in listening, reading and speaking. It also revealed that the students gained confidence and interest in English learning, and their anxiety decreased. In addition, the application was easy and convenient for the students to use, especially in recognizing the pronunciation and the meaning of the vocabulary words. This study recommends further development and use of smart device applications for elementary school English instruction.

This study explores elementary school students’ perceptions of English pop songs in regular English classes at a Korean elementary school. Seven 6th graders participated in the study and they were divided into three groups based on their English proficiency level. Data were collected from their interviews, written logs, and group discussions for a qualitative analysis. The results indicate that low level learners associate pop songs with the auditory factor only, while intermediate and high level learners associate the songs with both auditory and visual factors. It is also found that each individual learner exhibits his or her own music preference in selecting pop songs for learning. In addition, the socialization effect, which evokes the sense of unity, is found among the English learners who attended the pop song lessons. Finally, the study presents the results that learning pop songs contributes to self-directed learning of English. Pedagogical implications on using pop songs for a teaching material are discussed.

본 연구는 숲체험을 학교 교과과정 중에 실시하였을 때 초등학생에게 미치는 환경교육의 효과를 파악하고자 학교에서 이루어지는 숲체험이 초등학생의 숲에 대한 인식의 변화를 분석한 것이다. 자료는 전주시내 2개 초등학교 2~3학년 311명을 대상으로 숲체험 전과 후에 설문 조사를 통하여 얻었으며, 이 자료들을 분석하여 얻은 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 숲체험에 참여한 학생들은 숲에 대한 인식, 숲에서의 행동인식, 숲해설의 필요성의 모든 영역에서 숲체험 후에 긍정적인 변화를 보였다. 특히 숲에서의 행동인식 영역이 숲에 대한 인식과 숲해설의 필요성에 대한 영역보다 유의적인 결과를 보였다. 숲에서의 행동인식의 세부항목에서 숲 속 생물에 대한 행동인식과 환경인식이 크게 향상되었다. 이와 같은 결과로 보아 초등학생의 숲체험은 생명존중의 의식을 갖게 하고 자연환경의 중요성을 인식하는 데에 큰 도움이 된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 초등학생에게 생명존중의식 및 환경의식을 향상시키고 자연에 대한 감수성을 길러주기 위해서 숲체험과 같은 자연체험이 필요하므로, 더 많은 초등학생이 학교의 창의적체험활동에서 숲체험을 할 수 있도록 확대 시행될 것을 제안하는 바이다.

The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness and attitudes for leftover foods and the relationship between gender/number of family members on the effect of leftover foods-free day in elementary school students. The reasons for school lunch leftover foods were ‘too much amount (38.3%)’ and ‘disliked menu (33.6%)’, and the preferred ways for reduction of leftover food was ‘to cook deliciously (34%)’. In the case of students who received nutrition education for reduction of leftover lunch, approximately 33.8% of subjects received nutrition education by administered by nutrition teachers during lunch time. The reason for reducing the amount of leftover foods was ‘not to waste the foods (35.5%)’. After a leftover food-free day, approximately 62.3% of subjects responded that they ate their whole meal, except for soup. The subjects wanted ‘twice per week for leftover food-free day’ and had positive attitudes for that program. Proportion of practicing reduction of leftover foods in families was 55.9% of subjects, and 40.5% of subjects preferred dietary education by nutrition teachers in the classroom. For effective reduction of leftover lunch in school, nutrition teachers should attract interest on the environment and foods through after-school activities.

The purpose of the study was two-fold: to investigate the effects of a group-based book reading plus self-efficacy and outcome expectancy intervention on reading amount, perceived reading ability, reading behavior, and social cognitions and to examine influencing factors of book reading behaviors. Sixty-three sixth graders completed a ten-week book reading intervention in two experimental conditions: one with book-reading activities only and the other with a book-reading plus social cognition intervention. The control group (n=32) studied English in their regular English classes. Questionnaires were administered three times to assess the participants' social cognition, reading behavior, and perceptions of reading English books: right before and right after the intervention, and at eight weeks post intervention. The results showed positive effects of the intervention on reading amount, perceived reading ability, and reading behavior. Of the two experimental groups, the group that had received the book-reading plus social cognition intervention showed more positive results. At eight weeks post intervention, intervention effects on goal efficacy, reading behavior, and attitude toward reading were maintained. Social cognition was found to affect reading amount and behavior for the experimental groups. Research and practical implications are suggested.

통영은 1604년 통제영의 12공방이 설치된 이후 전통 미술활동 이 활발하게 이루어진 곳이다. 그러나 일제강점기에 들어 통제 영이 폐쇄되고 그 활동은 점점 쇠락하다가 1950년을 전후로 현 대미술활동과 함께 다시 부활하여 현대에 이르렀다. 본 논문 에서는 이 시기의 통영지역 미술활동을 살피고, 그 중, 공예, 한국화, 서양화를 대상으로 활동한 작가들을 중심으로 그들의 활동상을 파악하여 그 구성원인 작가들의 사승관계를 정리하여 보았다. 이러한 결과는 통영미술의 특징과 통영전통미술의 현 대화 및 그 발달과정을 알 수 있었으며 이를 토대로 향후 통영 미술계의 방향을 모색할 수 있는 자료로 삼을 수 있었다. 그 내용을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 하나, 통영미술은 1604년 이후 통제영에 설치된 12공방에서 발달되었다고 볼 수 있다. 둘, 통영미술이 다양하게 발전할 수 있었던 것은, 19c무렵 12 공방이 활성화 되면서 진상품을 비롯한 여러 가지 군관민수용 품인 고급 미술품 제작이 다양한 장르로 생산, 전통미술의 자 리를 공고히 하였기 때문이다. 이러한 역사적 환경은 통영을 다른 도시와는 달리 종합적으로 예술을 발달할 수 있게 하는 초석이 되었다고 볼 수 있다. 셋, 통영미술의 현대화 과정은 둘로 나눈다면 그 하나는 신교 육의 실시이다. 1950년대 한국전쟁 발발 후로 지리적 환경으로 인하여 많은 외부 예술인들이 통영에 자리를 잡으며 통영의 전 통미술과 현대미술의 융합이 이루어지게 되었다. 또 하나는 전 문작가의 출현으로 작품 제작과 전시회를 열어 통영 현대미술 발전의 자극제가 되었다. 넷, 전통미술에서 현대 미술로 이양되는 과정에서 사승관계가 형성되고. 통영미술은 전통을 계승하고 새로운 문화를 수용, 체 계적이고 종합적으로 발달 하여 왔음을 알 수 있다. 더욱이 2015년 현재, 일부 화단에서 옻칠화라는 새로운 장르를 형성하 는 과정에 있다. 이는 통영 전통미술을 계승발전 시키는 중대 한 작업으로 통영미술의 정체성을 보여주는 대표적인 일이라 할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of interpersonal relationships with snack preference and the intake frequency of snacks with a primary focus on obesity index and snack preparations in upper grade (5~6th) elementary school students. A total of 719 students in Gyeongsangnam-do province were recruited and a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. Data were analyzed using the SPSS V18.0. The results were as follows : A total score of interpersonal relationships was 94.5 (full marks 125), and the scores of 7 factors consisting interpersonal relationships were over 3.50(full marks 5.00). Overweight group had the lowest score in interpersonal relationships (p<0.01) and purchase group by oneself had a low score than the other groups in snacks preparation (p<0.001). Most favorite snacks were ice cream. Additionally, the snack purchase group showed higher scores than the cook group by family in 8 types of snack and a total score of preference (p<0.05~p<0.001). Milk and dairy products had the highest score in frequency of snack intake. And purchase group by oneself or family was a higher than cook group by family (p<0.01). Interpersonal relationships showed a positive effect on preference and intake frequency of milk and dairy products but their explanation powers (R2) were very low. The findings of this study provide fundamental information impact factor in snack preference and frequency of snack intake.

Recently, the computer software has become an increasingly important share in the overall industry and many countries have been adapted an early SW education as their mandatory curriculum in school for children. Most of the prior SW education curriculums had been focused on how to learn a programming language to make a SW in a computer, but current SW education goal has been moved onto training the computational thinking to solve various problems with the computer, effectively. The paper exploits a game design activity as a good and fun tool to training such computational thinking for children. The proposed game design activity consists of a series of systematic curriculums to design a creative game in offline for the children who do not have any prior-knowledge of game. Participants first understand game elements such game title, synopsis, rules, game-play, which are indispensable to make a game. Then they try to understand what the fun is in the game and discuss with how to make such fun in the game. Finally, they have proposed a creative game design which is motivated by playing board-style games and iPad-games. With our assessment of the proposed activity, our game activity derives let the participants to computational thinking while creating the synopsis and game rules to define the game. It also revealed increased interest and understanding of computer software. We expect that the proposed game design activity could be an alternative to train computational thinking and a more holistic program to have increased interest and understanding of computer software for children.