This study was carried out to investigate the changes in the storage characteristics of the Korean traditional raw rice wine (RRW) treated with Korean sun-dried salts and gamma rays. Nowadays, RRWs have received attention because they are a nutritious foo

이 연구는 형질전환 고추로부터 토양 근권 미생물로의 유전자 이동 가능성을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 재배중인 오이 모자이크 바이러스 저항성 고추와 대조구의 근권토양으로부터 DNA를 추출한 후 형질전환 고추 도입유전자에 특이적인 프라이머를 사용하여 PCR 분석을 수행하였다. PCR 결과 도입유전자인 NPTII 유전자가 수집된 전 기간의 근권 토양 샘플에서 발견되었다. 발견된 도입유전자가 고추로부터 토양 미생물로의 유전자 이동에 의한 결과인지를 조사하기 위하여 토양 샘플로부터 미생물들을 분리하여 카나마이신이 첨가된 세균 및 진균 배지에 배양하였다. 약 43만개의 세균 코로니와 16만개의 진균 코로니를 조사 한 결과 카나마이신에 저항성을 나타내는 개체는 발견되지 않아 형질전환 고추로부터 근권 미생물로의 유전자이동은 발생하지 않은 것으로 사료되었다.

본 연구는 높은 섬유소 분해력을 검증 받은 Aspergillus niger (KCCM 60357)와 Bacillus licheniformis (KCCM 40934)를 단독 및 혼합 배양한 미생물제제로 양돈용 청보리 발효사료를 제조하였을 때 사료 성상변화, in vitro 대장발효 및 전장소화율에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 실험 설계는 건조 청보리 (control), A. niger (control + A. niger), B. licheniformis (

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of various kinds of commercial salts, including sun-dried (Korea), purified, and traditional salts on the chemical and sensory properties and growth of microorganisms involved in kimchi fermentation. Kimchi was prepared by salting in 10% NaCl solution for 2 hours followed by addition of other spices and fermentation at 20℃. The decreases in pH suggested that kimchi fermentation can be classified into 3 steps: initial, intermediate, and final stages. In texture analysis, the hardness and fracturability of traditional salt kimchi were higher than those of regular kimchi. From the sensory evaluation test for kimchi, sensory scores were high for traditional salt addition, especially taste, overall preference and texture. Among various microorganisms related to kimchi fermentation, the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Pichia membranaefaciens and Escherichia coli were examined. Based on the conditions of kimchi fermentation, a 2% and 5% concentration of each salt were studied. Also, the conditions of the cultures at 37℃ were examined. There was no considerable difference in the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Escherichia coli in the different kinds of salts. However, the growth of Pichia membranaefaciens was strongly inhibited by a 5% concentration of traditional salt during incubation at 37℃.

Plasmid capture systems (PCS) facilitate cloning and manipulation of circular double-stranded DNA. We recently developed an improved PCS (PCS-LZ) to clone relatively large DNA molecules of 30-150 kb. The PCS-LZ donor consists of a mini-F replicon and a kanamycin resistance marker between Tn7 left and Tn7 right ends. Both the replicon and marker gene of the PCS-LZ donor are transferred into target plasmid DNAs by in vitro transposition, followed by replication in E. coli. Colonies are tested for lacZ expression by blue/white screening. Circular DNAs were obtained from plasmids of Bacillus thuringiensis, genome segments of Cotesia glomerata bracovirus and polymorphic genomes of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus. PCS-LZ is a powerful tool for use in genomic analysis and mutagenesis in invertebrate pathology, and we are extending its application to include vertebrate research.

After infection by Gram negative bacteria, neonatal patients or patients in intensive care unit usually suffer from endotoxin shock, leading to death finally in spite of eradication of bacteria by potent antibiotics. The purpose of this study that is the pilot study to prevent endotoxin shock and nosocomial infection, is to offer basic data on species and concentrations of airborne microbes in hospitals. Therefore, this study collected and analyzed articles and documents on airborne microbes in hospitals in Korea that were published in relevant journals from 1980 to 2004. Studies on the concentration of airborne microbes in hospitals as a part of study on the nosocomial infection have been performed from the latter half of 1970s. Pooled average concentrations of total suspended bacteria in hospitals by RCS air sampler and Cascade air sampler were 194.85 CFU/㎥ and 367.72 CFU/㎥, respectively. They were lower than the guideline concentration(800 CFU/ ㎥) of the Korean Ministry of Environment. Pooled average concentrations of total suspended fungi in hospitals by RCS air sampler and Cascade air sampler were 20.66 CFU/㎥ and 193.34 CFU/㎥, respectively. They were lower than the guideline concentration(150 CFU/㎥) of the World Health Organization(WHO). Pooled average concentrations of total suspended bacteria in operating room and intensive care unit(ICU) were 324.75 CFU/㎥ and 182.43 CFU/㎥, respectively. They again were lower than the guideline concentration of the Korean Ministry of Environment. Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. for Gram-positive bacteria, and Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., and Escherichia spp., for Gram-negative bacteria were shown in hospitals. Also, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Mucor spp., Epidemophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., and Cladosporium spp. for fungi were found in hospitals. Staphylococcus spp. was shown frequently in operating rooms, intensive care units and wards. Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp. were shown commonly in them.

우리나라 20개 지역의 경작토, 쓰레기 매립토, 부엽토 및 활성오니토에서 채취한 40개 토양 시료로부터 Poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA)를 분해하는 미생물을 37℃에서 강화배양과 투명환시험법을 이용하여 PBSA를 분해하는 균주를 선발하였다. 선발한 세균은 16S rDNA 염기서열분석으로 동정한 결과 Streptomyces sp. PBSA-1로 밝혀졌으며 진균은 형태적, 배양적

대황(Rhubarb)은 중국과 일본에서 혈액 순환제, 진통제, 신장치료제 등으로 전통적으로 사용되고 있는 약용식물이다. 이 연구에서는 한국산 R. undulatum L.의 뿌리 추출물, 미국산 R. rhabarbarum L.과 중국산 R. palmatum L.의 줄기 추출물의 두부 부패에 관여하는 미생물에 대한 항균 활성을 평가하였다. Rhubarb의 최적 추출을 위해서 각각 50%, 70%, 80% 에탄올을 용매로 사용하였으며, 항균 활성은 Kirby-Bauert test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)과 minimum bactericide concentration (MBC)에 의해서 평가되었다. Kirby-Bauert test 결과, R. undulatum L.의 뿌리 추출물은 대부분 두부 부패균에 대해서 항균 활성을 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, R. rhabarbarum L.의 줄기 추출물의 경우는 20μg/disc의 농도에서는 항균 활성이 거의 나타나질 않았으나, 고농도로 갈수록 높은 항균 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 R. palmatum L.의 줄기 추출물은 고농도로 갈수록 항균 활성이 높아졌으나, Pseudomonas aeruginosa에 관해서는 항균 활성이 나타나지 않았다. MIC와 MBC에 의한 항균 활성 평가실험에서는, 세 종류의 rhubarb 추출물 중에서 phenolic 화합물이 가장 많이 함유되어 있는 R. undulatum L.의 뿌리 추출물보다 R. rhabarbarum L.의 줄기 추출물이 MIC와 MBC 값이 낮았다. 이는 phenolic 화합물의 양 이외에 낮은 pH가 항균 활성에 영향을 준 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해서 rhubarb 추출물은 두부 부패에 관여하는 미생물에 대해서 항균 활성을 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 천연 항균제로써 식품에 적용 가능성이 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

우리나라 전통식품인 김치, 된장, 고추장, 간장, 탁주, 식혜, 수정과에 있는 미생물 분석을 위하여 건조필름법과 전통적인 미생물 분석법을 비교하였다. 일반세균 분석에는 plate count agar 법과 Petrifilm^(TM) aerobic count plate 법을 비교하였고, 대장균군과 대장균의 분석에는 most probable number (MPN) 법과 Petrifilm^(TM) coliform count plate및 Petrifilm^(TM) E. colilcoliform count plate 법을 각각 비교하였으며, 효모와 곰팡이의 분석에는 potato dextrose agar 법과 Petrifilm^(TM) yeast and mold count plate 법을 비교하였다. 황색포도상구균의 분석에는 coagulase 시험법과 Petrifilm^(TM) staph express count plate법을 비교하였다 두 방법간의 상관계수는 일반세균이 0.974-0.998, 대장균군이 0.955-0.978, 대장균이 0.968-0.986, 효모와 곰팡이가 0.913-0.995, 황색포도상구균이 0.998-0.999로 두 방법간의 상관성이 매우 높았으며, 평균 미생물수에 있어서도 유의적인 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 이러한 결과로부터 건조필름법이기존의 전통적인 방법을 대체할 수 있는 미생물 분석법임이 확인되었다.

This expe띠nent was performed to evaluate the contamination of private dental clinics and the effect of antiseptics. 까lere are high risks of cross infection in dental clinic during the dental treatffient both in dental clinic workers and dental pa디ents. We took the samples in 30 dental clinics. 4 sites(hand piece, head rest, room air, and cuspidor) were sampled in each clinic. Each samples were studied with molecular biologically using DNA sequencing. After DNA sequencing, all microorganisms were tested with 4 commercial antiseptics. The results were as followings. 1. 30 species and 54 strains of pathogenic microorga띠sms were found in 30 dental cωúcs. 2. 깨ere were no signifìcant difference in regions for fmding the micr，∞rganisms(p(O. 06). 3. 8 species and 13 sσains of micr∞rganisms were found in room air of Seoul area, and 6 species and 10 strains were in head rest of An-yang area were the most frequent sites. 4. Staphylococcus epidermidis was found the most frequently. 5. Calymatobacterium granulomatis and Enterococcus faecalis were found, which were not concemed with oral disease 6. Sterilization effect showed difference by antiseptics and also showed difference by sterilization method and sites. From the aboving resutls, there were no significant difference in regions for finding microorganisms, but little differences in sampling site. There were quite differences depend on the sterilization method and antiseptic drugs. It may be exist that there are high risks of cross contamination between dental c뼈c workers and patient.

The performance of various air-cleaning devices and an assembled air cleaner has been evaluated for the removal of biological pollutants in indoor air. Bacteria, fungi, and viruses were sprayed in a test chamber, and air samples in the chamber were taken for analysis. Air-cleaning devices - UV lamp, ion generator, an UV LED and plasma electricity dust collector - were tested for their ability in the removal of microorganisms in the air. The UV lamp and the ion generator tested exhbited complete sterilization effect within 4hrs of operation. Other devices were less effective: The extent of removal by the UV LED and the plasma electricity dust collector after 6hrs of operation was about 20% to 82%, depending on the microorganisms tested. The performance of an assembled air cleaner was much superior to individual air-cleaning devices: the extent of removal being 97.6%, 99.1%, 98.7%, and 93.7% for Staphylococcus aureus (Gram(+) bacteria), Escherichia coli (Gram(-) bacteria), Aspergillus niger and Penicillium funiculosum (fungi), respectively, after 3hrs of operation. The removal of influenza virus was even more effective, with 99.9% of removal within 25min of operation. The results show that the air cleaner is effective for the removal of microbial and viral pathogens in the air.