This study was conducted to evaluate the market potential of 'Hwanggeumsantari', a new oyster mushroom variety developed in Gyeonggi Province in 2019, and to derive effective market entry strategies. To objectively assess the marketability of 'Hwanggeumsantari’ from various perspectives, a panel of 50 consumers was formed, and surveys and interviews were conducted. Additionally, two Focus Group Interviews were held with distributors in the agri-food sector. The results showed that potential consumers were positive about the color and texture of ‘Hwanggeumsantari', but expressed relatively less satisfaction with its shelf life and aroma. Distributors, through tow Focus Group Interviews, evaluated that the product had sufficient market competitiveness, but called for efforts to improve cultivation techniques and enhance price competitiveness. Based on the results of market evaluations by consumers and distributors, a SWOT analysis was conducted. The main strengths identified were its outstanding color and texture, while the main weakness was its freshness issue. Meanwhile, the growing demand for healthy foods and various online sales channels could provide market entry opportunities for ‘Hwanggeumsantari', but high sensitivity to price in the case of premium pricing could pose a threat. Consequently, a market entry strategy for ‘Hwanggeumsantari’ was proposed using a 4P mix approach based on the SWOT analysis results. The product strategy emphasized premium positioning, small packaging, and the development of packaging technology to maintain freshness. The price strategy proposed premium pricing and the operation of incentive programs. The distribution strategy suggested channel diversification, direct stores, or direct sales, while the promotion strategy emphasized storytelling and collaboration with influencers.

국내 큰느타리버섯은 매년 수출이 증가하고 있는 주요 신선 농산물 중 하나이다. 긴수염버섯파리는 농업, 특히 버섯생산에 피해를 주는 악 명높은 해충이다. 긴수염버섯파리의 유충은 주로 농작물에 직접 피해를 유발하고 성충은 몇몇 위험한 진균 병원체의 매개체 역할을 한다. 본 연구 에서는 전자빔, 엑스선, 그리고 감마선의 조사선량에 따른 긴수염버섯파리의 발육 및 생식에 미치는 영향을 평가했다. 또한 큰느타리버섯이 채워 진 박스 안에서 긴수염버섯파리를 제어할 수 있는 최적선량을 찾기 위해 방사선 및 에너지량에 따른 실증실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 전자빔, 엑 스선, 감마선 모두 50 Gy에서 긴수염버섯파리의 발육 및 생식이 억제되었다. 또한 큰느타리버섯이 채워진 수출용 박스 상, 중, 하 위치에서 긴수 염버섯파리는 전자빔 150 Gy, 엑스선 100 Gy, 그리고 감마선 50 Gy에서 발육 및 생식을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 수출 검역 통합관리 시스템 구축의 기초자료로 제공될 수 있다. 또한 농산물의 안전성 확보와 수출경쟁력 강화에 기여하리라 사료된다.

Light plays an important role in fruit-body development and morphology during Pleurotus spp. cultivation. To understand the effects of light color on fruit-body properties, we evaluated the fruit-body characteristics of Pleurotus spp. varieties cultivated under blue, red, and purple LED light sources. The main results are as follows: The overall fruit-body shape showed differences depending on the color of the LED light. The fruit-bodies of mushroom cultivated under blue and purple light were generally similar to the mushroom shapes typically produced, while those of mushroom cultivated under green light were abnormally shaped, probably due to the absence of effective light source. The average cap lightness of mushrooms cultivated under blue, green, and purple LED lights was 57.0, 57.4, and 59.4, respectively. The average cap lightness of all varieties except Wonhyeong1ho and Hwang-geumsantari cultivated under the three LED light sources were statistically significantly different (P<0.05). The cap redness varied significantly depending on the LED lighting and variety. Only Gonji7hoM, the cap color mutant of Gonji7ho, showed negative cap redness values under all three LED light sources. Among the eight varieties excluding Gonji7ho, the highest cap redness was observed when cultivated under the blue LED. The average harvest weight of the varieties cultivated under purple, blue, and green LED light were 68.0, 58.3, and 50.1 g, respectively. The yield of Gonji7ho, the mushroom variety with the highest yield, cultivated under blue, green, and purple LED light were 92.8, 77.1, and 98.6 g, respectively. The earliness when grown under the purple, blue, and green LED lights were 5.3, 5.8, and 5.8 days, respectively. Among the varieties, six, three, and two cultivars showed the shortest earliness under the purple, green, and blue LED, respectively. The fruit-body lengths were 66.4, 51.8, and 46.8 mm when cultivated under green, purple, and blue lights, respectively. These results are expected to serve as a foundation for producing mushrooms with traits demanded in the market.

We conducted an on-site application study at the livestock cooperative fertilizer plant to compare the composting period, temperature change, moisture content, and chemical properties between livestock manure compost using sawdust as a moisture regulator with those using spent oyster mushroom substrate. The composting period, moisture content, and fertilizer composition of compost containing spent oyster mushroom substrate did not differ from that of conventional compost mixed with sawdust after the first and second fermentation and post-maturation stages, it was suitable as a material for manufacturing livestock manure compost. The spent oyster mushroom substrate also lower the production cost of livestock manure compost by replacing the more expensive sawdust. The developed technology is expected to contribute towards the utilization of by-products of the oyster mushroom harvest while simultaneously producing high quality livestock manure compost.

This study was carried out to investigate how airborne bacteria are distributed under different temperature conditions while cultivating oyster mushrooms by setting the indoor temperature of the cultivation room to 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C. The surveys were conducted in April and May, respectively. Airborne bacterial concentrations were distributed in the range of 1.61 × 102 ~ 3.67 × 102 CFU/m3 in April and 5.47 × 102 ~ 7 × 103 CFU/ m3 in May. In May, the indoor air quality maintenance standard (8.0 × 102 CFU/m3) was exceeded in the 10°C, 20°C, and 25°C cultivation rooms. Bacterial concentrations increased significantly in May compared to April. Bacterial concentrations were different between the cultivation rooms at different temperatures. The difference was more pronounced in May than in April. A total of 15 genera and 20 species were isolated from the indoor air of the oyster mushroom cultivation rooms. Overall, it was most abundant in Actinomycetia. Among the species identified, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Brevundimonas vesicularis, Kocuria palustris, K. salsicia, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, and Sphingobacterium siyangense are known to affect human health. This is the first report of airborne bacteria in cultivation rooms at different temperatures used for oyster mushroom cultivation. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data to understand the indoor environment of thermophilic mushroom cultivation facilities.

The present study aimed at selecting a cost-effective substrate for king oyster mushroom based on the growth characteristics of fruiting body for use as a basic resource to ensure stable production on farms. Compositional analysis of substrates manufactured with different materials in each process revealed that the total carbon content was 42.24–48.22% higher and the total nitrogen content was 1.7–2.29% higher in the processed lot than in the control (i.e., substrate used by the farmhouse; 40.86% and 1.39%, respectively). Meanwhile, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio was the highest in the control (27.9% vs. 19.12–27.88% in the processed lot). When cultured for 28 days, the mycelium growth was 11.5 and 11.3 mm in substrates 1 and 6, respectively, indicating the fastest growth; meanwhile, the values were 10.1–10.3 mm in the control and substrate 11, showing a similar tendency. Mycelial density did not differ significantly among the processed lots. Yield per bottle was higher in substrates 8 (205.95 g/bottle), 7 (178.51 g/bottle), and 11 (170.63 g/bottle) than in the control (152.2 g/bottle). Fruiting body quality was comparable to controls in all processed lots. Overall, economic effects, such as substrate material prices, should be analyzed, and stability evaluations, such as residual pesticide and harmful microorganisms, should be undertaken along with further detailed examination to ensure safe and stable production on farms.

The present study investigated the optimum additive ratio of wheat straw pellet as a substitute for beet pulp during oyster mushroom cultivation. The chemical properties across treatments were pH of 4.8–5.5, total carbon content of 45.9–46.5%, total nitrogen content of 1.5–1.7%, and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio of 27.8–31.0. Mycelial growth was the fastest in a medium containing 20% wheat straw pellet (at 88.2 mm in ‘Heuktari’ and 70.3–79.6 mm in ‘Suhan-1Ho’); however, there were no significant differences in mycelial density among the treatments. The characteristics of fruiting bodies by variety were as follows. In ‘Heuktari’, the valid stipe number per bottle (1,100 cc) was 22.5 and yield was 177.1 g/1,100 cc in the mixed medium containing 10% wheat straw pellet, with the values being comparable to those of controls. In ‘Suhan-1Ho’, the valid stipe number per bottle (1,100 cc) was 14.0 and yield was 151.2 g/1,100 cc in the mixed medium containing 10% wheat straw pellet, with the values being comparable to those of controls.

High-income mushroom crops require complex farming. Therefore, we conducted a test to identify the optimum temperature for the production of antler-shaped Ganoderma lucidum using the King Oyster mushroom cultivation facility. T-N showed 0.28% of oak sawdust and 2.2% of nutritional source. The pH of oak sawdust was 6.0, indicating weak acidity, and that of rice steel was 6.6, indicating neutrality in nutrition source. Study on the quality characteristics of mushrooms showed that the number of days at 25°C were 5~6 and those at 30°C were 3~5; the representative length at 25°C was 57.5 mm and that at 30°C was 92.2 mm; the biological weight at 25 °C was 43 g, which was greater than that at 30°C.

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum supplementation ratio when replacing cotton seed meal with rapeseed meal for cultivating oyster mushrooms. The chemical properties among the treatments were pH 4.5~4.7, total carbon content was 46.3~46.5%, total nitrogen content was 1.6~1.7%, and carbon-nitrogen ratio was 27.0~27.8. These did not differ significantly from the control. Mycelial growth was 85.1 mm (Heuktari), and 72.8 mm (Suhan-1Ho) in medium containing 5% rapeseed meal, with no significant difference in mycelial density between cultivars. Fruiting body characteristics are as follows: In 'Heuktari', the color of the pileus was darker than control with an L value of 32.5, and pileus thickness and diameter were 3.2 mm and 27.6 mm, respectively. Stipe length and diameter were 86.0 mm and 9.1 mm, respectively. Valid stipe number per bottle (1,100 cc) was 25.9, and a yield of 189.7 g/1,100 cc was recorded in mixed medium containing 5% rapeseed meal (higher than control). In mixed medium containing 10% rapeseed meal, the yield was 184.5 g/1,100 cc (comparable to control). In 'Suhan-1Ho', supplemented with 5% rapeseed meal, pileus color was darker than control color, with an L value of 28.8. Pileus thickness was 4.5 mm. Stipe diameter was 12.3 mm (higher than control), and yield was 145.5 g/1,100 cc (comparable to control).

Effects of substrate bed interior environments on mushroom qualities were investigated in oyster mushroom cultivation facilities in which either Reversible Air-Circulation Fans (RACF) blowing air in two directions (upwards and downwards) or customary Convection Fans (CF) with air blowing only upwards were operated throughout the cultivation period. Two days before harvest, the deviation ranges of the bed interior temperature and relative humidity in the facility using RACF were in the ranges of 1.0-1.3oC and 7.8-9.0% in the first growing cycle, and within 0.7-1.1oC and 10.0-11.4% in the second cycle. In the facility using CF, the ranges of variation in the indoor environment parameters (5.8-6.4oC and 21.3-23.1% in the first growing cycle, and 3.4-5.7oC and 14.6-18.3% in the second growing cycle) were much enlarged compared to those associated with RACF. These results strongly indicate that RACF significantly enhances air uniformity. Some mushroom qualities differed between growing cycles. For instance RACF in the first cycle gave somewhat better qualities than CF, but some qualities, like pileus diameter and stipe length, were slightly lower than those described for CF in the second cycle when the cultivation substrate weakened. The observation that some qualities worsened under RACF conditions, despite better air uniformity during the growing cycle, revealed the possibility that downward wind may exert a non-negligible negative effect on mushroom growth. Therefore in the future, making wind measurements on the interior and exterior of substrate beds is necessary to obtain insights into their influences on mushroom qualities. The RACF operation manual needs to be edited to convey this necessity.

흰점박이꽃무지 (Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis) 유충의 대체사료인 한약재 부산물 발효원인 유용미생물 (Effective microorganism, EM)과 느타리버섯 종균 (Oyster mushroom fungi, OM)을 비교하였다. 각 발효된 사료의 영양성분을 비 교한 결과, 조회분을 제외한 조단백, 조지방, 조섬유 함량이 OM 발효사료에서 높게 나타났다. 각 발효된 사료로 사육된 흰점박이꽃무지 유충의 영양성분을 비교한 결과 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 각 발효사료별 흰점박이꽃무지 유 충의 생체중을 주별 비교 분석한 결과, 3주차 관찰시기부터 EM과 OM을 이용한 사료에서 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 평균중량이 유의하게 높았다. 유충 사육 시 생존율은 발효사료의 경우 동일하게 96.7%이나, 비발효사료의 경우 9.8%로 매우 낮았다. 본 실험결과, 흰점박이꽃무지의 생육에 먹이 원의 발효는 꼭 필요했으며, OM은 EM을 대체할 수 있는 흰점박이꽃무지 대체사료의 발효원으로 더 안정적이었다.

느타리버섯은 재배사 내부환경에 크게 영향을 받으며 강제 공기순환팬에 의해 공기를 교반하여 내부환경의 균일도를 향상시키고 있다. 본 연구는 느타리버섯 일부 시범 농가에서의 대류팬 작동방법 등 이용 실태를 조사하고, FCU를 가동하지 않은 버섯의 수확이 끝날 무렵이고 폐상 직전인 7.1－10까지 10일 간 느타리 균상재배사에 상향과 하향 등 양방향으로 번 갈아 바람을 토출하는 정역 제어 대류팬과 단일 방향인 상향으로만 바람을 토출하는 관행 방식의 유동팬을 설치하여 재배 사 내부환경의 균일도를 평가하고자 수행하였다. 조사 농가의 대류팬 작동방법(작동시간과 멈춤시간의 조합 방법)은 대부분 5－15분 작동 후 5－30분 멈춤을 반복적으로 적용하고 있는 것으로 조사되었으며 냉방장치를 가동하지 않은 폐상 무렵의 느타리 균상재배사에 정역 제어 대류팬을 설치하여 내부 환경 균일도를 평가한 결과, 최대 기온 편차는 1.4－1.8°C, 최대 상대습도 편차는 7.8－8.7%로 나타나 최대 기온 편차 3.2 －3.7°C, 최대 상대습도 편차 14.0－15.4%를 보인 관행 방식의 유동팬에 비해 내부환경 균일도가 향상된 것으로 나타났 다. 20가지의 정역 제어 대류팬 작동방법 중에서는 10－15분 간 상향으로 바람을 토출한 후 5－10분 간 멈추고 바람의 방 향을 바꾸어 하향으로 10－15분 간 바람을 토출하는 경우가 가장 적은 기온 편차(1.4－1.5°C)를 보였으나 센서의 오차범위 수준에 있어 설정별 차이를 보인다고는 판단할 수 없었다. 향후 버섯의 호흡이 온전히 고려되고 냉방장치가 가동되는 실제 재배기간 중 정역 제어 대류팬이 공기 균일도와 느타리버섯 품질에 미치는 영향을 평가할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단되었으며 재배사 내 공기교반 정도를 확인하기 위한 유동 가시화 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단되었다.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of oyster mushroom addition on the physicochemical properties of full fat soy (FFS)-based extruded meat analog. The meat analog blend was FFS, wheat gluten, and corn starch (0.5:0.4:0.1), and oyster mushroom was added to the base formulation (0, 4, 8, and 12%). The extrusion condition was set to 55% feed moisture, 170oC barrel temperature, and screw speed of 150 rpm by using the twin-screw extruder equipped with a cooling die. The hardness, chewiness, cutting strength, and integrity index of the FFSbased extruded meat analog increased with the increase in oyster mushroom contents, while its nitrogen solubility index (NSI) decreased. The cohesiveness, springiness, and water holding capacity revealed the inconstant patterns with the increase in oyster mushroom contents. The total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity significantly increased with the increase in oyster mushroom contents. In conclusion, the incorporation of the oyster mushroom into the FFS-based meat analog enhanced the textural properties and antioxidant activity.

온도와 CO2 농도는 버섯의 생육과 품질에 영향을 미친다. 특히, 버섯의 호흡에 의한 고농도 CO2는 버섯의 생리 장해를 발생시킨다. 본 연구에서는 생육 시기와 솎아내기 여부에 따른 새송이 버섯(Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél)의 CO2 발생 속도를 정량화 하였다. 버섯의 자실체를 포함하는 배지의 CO2 발생 속도는 솎아내기 전에 비해 후에 통계적으로 유의미한 상승을 보였다. 호흡 모델에서 자실체의 유지 계수와 CO2 발생 계수는 온도에 따른 이차식으로 표현되었다. 버섯 1병의 CO2 발생 속도 모델에 의한 추정치는 실측치와 검증을 통해 R 2 = 0.71의 결과를 나타내었다. 이로부터 버섯의 CO2 발생 속도는 생육 시기에 따라 지수적으로, 16℃에서 25℃ 범위에서 이차함수 형태로 증가함을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 정립한 새송이 버섯의 CO2 발생 속도 모델은 새송이버섯을 재배사의 CO2 와 온도 관리를 위해 사용될 수 있다.

버섯은 대부분 시설에서 재배되기 때문에 안전하게 고품질의 버섯 생산을 위해서는 재배사 내 환경에 대한 정보가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 헤파필터 교체에 따른 큰느타리 재배사 대기중 미생물상 변화를 분석하여 헤파필터 적정 교체기간을 설정하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 헤파필터 교체 전 재배단계별 대기중 세균 및 진균 밀도는 배지제조과정에서 세균 169.7 cfu/m 3 , 진균 570 cfu/m 3 , 균 긁기과정에서 세균 126.3 cfu/m 3 , 진균 560cfu/m 3로 부유균 의 밀도가 가장 높았다. 헤파필터 교체 후 세균의 밀도는 배양실에서 가장 낮아졌고, 진균의 밀도는 냉각실에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 헤파필터 교체전 Cladosporium sp. 등 7속 7종이었고, 교체 후 1개월은 Penicillium sp. 등 6속 6종, 2개월은 Cladosporium cladosporioides 등 4속 7종, 3 개월차는 Mucor plumbeus 등 5속 7종, 4개월에서 6개월까지는 Penicillium brevicompactum 등 각각 5속 12종, 5속 10종, 5속 10종으로 교체 후 기간이 지날수록 종이 다양해지고 증가하였다. 부유균의 밀도는 헤파필터 교체 후 2개월 후 가장 낮았고 차츰 증가하다가 6개월에는 교체전 밀도와 비슷해지거나 높아지는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 헤파필터는 6개월마다 교체하는 것이 오염저감을 위해 효율적인 것으로 판단된다.

느타리 ‘흑타리’ 품종의 배양 중 고온스트레스에 의해 발생되는 미발이 현상을 구명하기 위하여 배양온도에 따른 생육차이를 조사하였다. PDA 배지에서‘흑타리’의 적정생육온도는 23~26 ̊C였고, 균사생장속도는 ‘춘추2호’에 비하여 빠른편이었다. 병내 배지온도는 초기에 상승하여 배양 중반에 최고점에 도달한 후 온도가 하강하였다. 배양 온도가 높을수록 배양기간은 짧아졌다. 배양온도 20 ̊C 처리구에서 배양기간은 25일 정도 소요되었으며, 미발이율은 1.8%, 수량은 139.4 g/병을 나타내었다. 배양온도 24 ̊C 처리구에서 배양기간은 20일 정도 소요되었으며, 미발이율은 4.2%, 병당수량은 132.1 g/병을 나타내었다. 배양온도 16 ̊C와 28 ̊C처리구에서는 미발이율이 증가되었고 수량이 감소하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 농가에서 배양온도와 미발이율의 관계를 조사하였다. 배양실 온도를 18 ̊C로 설정하고 배지품온을 28 ̊C 미만으로 관리하는 농가는 미발이율이 0.3~0.8%를 나타내었다. 배양실내의 온도가 20 ̊C 이상이며 환기가 잘 이루어지지 않은 농가에서는 미발이율이 3.5% 정도 발생되었다. 배양실 온도가 19 ̊C이며 배지 최고 품온이 31.3 ̊C까지 상승하는 농가는 미발이율이 8.2%로 높게 나타났다. 배양중 병내부 온도가 28 ̊C이상 상승하고 배양실내의 환기가 잘 이루어지지 않을 경우 미발이율이 증가하고 수량이 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 결과적으로, 배양실은 배지품온이 28 ̊C 이상 상승하지 않도록 배양실 내부의 공기를 지속적으로 순환시키고, 배양공간에 맞는 최적의 배양량을 넣어 관리하여야 한다.

본 연구는 국내에 자생하는 약용식물인 개똥쑥을 배지 재료로 활용하여 느타리 재배를 위한 적정 혼합비율을 설 정하였다. 개똥쑥의 첨가량에 따른 균사생육과 균사밀도를 조사한 결과 균사생육은 배양 23일 후 개똥쑥 5% 첨 가된 배지에서 12.7 cm였고, 대조구인 포플러톱밥+미강 (8:2)배지에서는 12.5 cm로 개똥쑥 첨가배지와 균사생육이 거의 비슷하였다. 그러나 개똥쑥 첨가량이 증가할수록 대조구 보다 균사생육이 느렸으며, 개똥쑥 70%에서는 2.1 cm로 거의 생육하지 못하였다. 개똥쑥 첨가량에 따른 균사밀도는 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없이 높은 밀도를 보였다. 개똥쑥의 첨가량에 따른 느타리 자실체 특성을 조사한 결과 갓의 직경은 대조구보다 개똥쑥 첨가에서 높았지만, 갓의 두께는 대조구에서 조금 높았다. 대의 두께는 개똥쑥 15% 첨가에서 가장 높았고, 대의 길이는 개똥쑥 10%에서 가장 높았지만 대조구보다는 낮은 경향을 보였다. 수확기 자실체의 갓과 대의 색도를 측정한 결과 대의 L값은 개똥쑥 10%에서 가장 높았고, 갓의 L값은 개똥쑥 5%에서 가장 높은 경향을 보였고, a, b값은 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다. 자실체 수량은 대조구가 119 g/850 ml였고, 개똥쑥 5%에서 122 g/850 ml으로 가장 높았고, 개똥쑥 첨가량이 증가할수록 수량은 감소되었다.