흰점박이꽃무지 (Protaetia brevitarsis) 유충은 동아시아에서 식용 및 약용으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 흰점박이꽃무지 수요 증가로 인해 유충의 대량 사육 방법이 필요하지만 좁은 공간에서 대량으로 유충을 사육할 경우 곤충 병원성 질병 감염에 취약해진다. Metarhizium anisopliae는 흰점박이꽃무지 유충에 치명적인 곤충 병원성 곰팡이 중 하나이다. 이를 저해하기 위해 항진균 성분이 함유된 옻나무 (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) 추출액을 첨가하였고, 연구 결과 1% 옻나무 추출액을 첨가한 경우 녹강균에 의한 유충의 치사율이 유의미하게 낮았다. 또한 일반톱밥을 급여한 대조구에 비해 옻나무 추출액 처리구에서 유충의 무게가 더 무거웠고 유충 기간이 짧아 지는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 이 연구를 통해 곤충 병원성 곰팡이에 대한 옻나무 추출액의 항진균 효과를 확인할 수 있었으며 흰점박이꽃무지 유충 사육 시 옻나무 추출액을 첨가 하여 급여한다면 병원성 곰팡이에 의한 유충의 치사율을 낮추고 증체량을 높이는 데 효과가 있을 것이다.

In this study, manufacturing equipments for urushiol free raw rhus verniciflua stem(RRVS) extracts are developed which do not need for drying process and high pressure device. The three layered pressure tank and heating medium oil boiler are designed which are more efficient than the conventional ones, and the safety of the tank is assured by the structural analysis software. Finally, the RRVS extracts are prepared by water extraction technique at 100℃ using the developed equipments. In the physicochemical experiments for the RRVS extracts, an allergen such as urushiol is not detected, whereas the antioxidant such as polyphenol and flavonoid are contained.

국내에서 자생하는 옻나무톱밥의 적정 첨가량을 구명하여 느타리버섯 재배를 위한 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 실험을 실시하였다. 옻나무톱밥이 10% 첨가된 배지에서 균사생장량이 가장 빨랐고, 옻나무톱밥 첨가량이 증가할수록 균사생장 속도는 조금 빨랐다. 자실체 수량은 옻나무 톱밥 20% 첨가시 150.2 g/850 mL으로 대조구 보다는 조금 낮았다. 갓의 직경과 대의 두께는 옻나무 톱밥에 10% 첨가에서 가장 높았으며, 대의 길이는 옻나무 톱밥 20% 첨가에서 가장 길었다. 대와 갓의 경도는 옻나무 톱밥 10% 첨가에서 가장 높았으며, 옻나무 톱밥 첨가 배지가 대조구보다 높은 경향을 보였다. 수확기 자실체의 갓과 대의 색도를 측정한 결과 대의 L값은 옻나무 톱밥 10% 첨가에서 가장 높았고, 갓의 L값은 옻나무 톱밥의 첨가량이 증가할수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였고, a, b값은 처리간에 뚜렷한 차이가 없었다.

In this study, antimicrobial and antioxidative activities were investigated using the hot water extracts of Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) in order to develop RVS as a natural antimicrobial and antioxidative material. The antimicrobial activity was not found against five strains of yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Saccharomyces pastorianus, Torulaspora delbrueckii, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, and Zygosaccharomyces bailii) while the activity was confirmed against five strains of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus licheniformis, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) at the RVS extract concentration of 0.2-1.0% (w/v) by plate cultural method. In the investigation for 24 hours by turbidometry, the antimicrobial activity showed a relatively high growth inhibition of 79.7% against Bacillus subtilis. The highest growth inhibition of 82.6% was against Bacillus licheniformis at the RVS extract concentration of 2,000 μg/mL. The lowest growth inhibition was 25.7-44.1% against E. coli at the extract concentration of 250 μg/mL and 2,000 μg/mL. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of the RVS extract were 42.48 mg/g and 5.42 mg/g, respectively. The highest antioxidative activity at 79.15% was observed at the RVS extract concentration of 0.5 mg/mL by DPPH. Also the antioxidative activity by ABTS demonstrated the highest level at 81.56% at the same concentration. It can be gleaned from these results that the hot water extract of RVS has a great potential to be a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial material against gram positive bacteria(Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis).

The objectives of this study were to form comparisons of total polyphenol compounds, the antioxidant activities and the urushiol contents of lacquer tree(Rhus verniciflua) bark and the sensory properties of chicken soup was made with lacquer tree bark that was cultivated from different cultivation areas; Hamyang, Wonju and China. Total polyphenol contents of Hamyang, Wonju and China were estimated as 375.28±3.48, 403.60±6.6 and 311.06±4.99 ㎎/g. The total flavonoids contents of Hamyang, Wonju and China were measured as 374±14.12, 683.70±12.64 and 334.64±18.40 ㎎/g. The total phenolic compounds and flavonoids concentration, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and ABTS radical scavenging of lacquer tree cultivated in Wonju were higher than the others; Hamyang and China. The urushiol content of lacquer tree bark from Hamyang was 4.59±0.04 ppm and higher than others. Urushiol was not detected in China lacquer tree bark. Sensory evaluation tests for chicken soup containing lacquer tree bark showed that the scores of Wonju lacquer tree bark chicken soup was highest, however there are no differences between Hamyang, Wonju, and China significantly(p<0.05).

The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of addition of Rhus veniciflua Stokes oil (RVSO) and black garlic extract (BGE) on the lipid oxidation in Hanwoo (Korean cattle) beef model systems. The RVSO at 0.2% inhibited the TBARS (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) formation when tested in liposome model system. The antioxidant effect of RVSO was further found to be similar to 0.2% butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and 0.01% vitamin E. On the other hand, BGE at 0.1% also showed the inhibition of TBARS formation in 4% NaCl-added Hanwoo beef patty and found to have slightly lower (p<0.05) effect than 0.1% vitamin E but higher (p<0.05) effect than 0.1% BHT. Results of this study indicated that both RVSO and BGE possess strong antioxidant effects and help to increase the oxidative stability in Hanwoo beef products.

This study was to invesigate the effect of dietary supplemention of Pozzolan, Chromium-methionine chelate and rhus verniciflua stokes additive feed on growth performance and ultrasound live body characteristics in finishing Hanwoo steer. The animal used in the experiment were a total of 17 heads and weighted 577.09±35.90㎏. The experimental diets were basal hi-lok branded only concentrat and rice straw and 4% Rhus, 0.4% Cramin and 2% Pozzolan, which additice in basal diet. Individually average daily gain was tended to decreased with treated group. Ultrasound back fat thickness and marbling score were not significantly different(p<0.05)between teratment, however Pozzolan additive treat was showed tend to increased. Longissimus muscle area was showed tended to decreased in the Pozzolan treatment.

In this study, dietary Rhus verniciflua Stockes were feeded on the porks and Hanwoo beef to determinate sanitation effects. this experiment was performed to measure oxygen contents and total flavor compounds of pork and beef inoculated Pseudomonas aeruginosa in headspace with SPME-GC. The headspace oxygen contents in Hanwoo beef were no difference on the diet supplementation ratio of Rhus verniciflua Stokes during storage at 5℃. Headspace oxygen contents of teratment dieted for 5 and 6months were higher than that of treatment dieted for 3 and 4months. No remarkable difference was observed in headspace oxygen contents in pork between control and treatment during storage at 0℃. Oxygen contents in pork of treatment diet containing 4% Rhus verniciflua Stokes was higher than that of treatment were lower than that of control on Hanwoo beef. Flavor compounds were the lowest in diet supplemented 6% of Rhus verniciflua Stokes during 4 months. Flavor compounds of pork is no change at 0℃. The longer storage periods It had the more increasing total flavor compounds and Rhus verniciflua Stokes supplement ratio had no effects on change of total flavor compounds. Such as this experiment, Flavor compounds and oxygen contents in headspace could be analyzed by SPME-GC method promptly and easily in accordance with, it is expected to apply SPME-GC method to evaluation of food quality.

Rhus verniciflura of the Anacardiaceae family well known as the lacquer tree has been used not only as a material for coating with sap but as a herbal medicine for thousands of years. However, it has been limited access to application as a food additive because urushiol compounds are able to cause irritation, inflammation or blistering of the skin to mammalian. So, in previous study, we investigated as a new approach to effect of mushroom sp.(12 species) on urushiol contents in the stem bark of Rhus verniciflua and found that some mushroom species were able to decrease urushiol contents by 93 to 97%. And detoxified Rhus verniciflua had some functional effect for antioxidative, antihyperlipidemic, nitrite scavenging, ACE(angiotensin converting enzyme) or tyrosinase inhibitory effect. Also, detoxified Rhus verniciflua was evaluated for TH(tyrosine hydroxylase), related to Parkinson's disease, enhancement in pc12 cells or rat brain region, and for cytotoxicity against cancer cells. The TH gene expression was increased in a dose, time-dependant fashion from the both pc12 cells and rat brain. THIR( Immunoreactive) neurons in the rat midbrain were generated and cell body of it was increased from the observation throughout immnohistochemistry. Cytotoxicity for cancer cells (T24, Saos) was significantly increased, as dose or time increase, whereas, for the normal cell line (NIH3T3) was not effected.

The purpose of this present study is to measure the changes of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) was continually monitored by laser-doppler flowmeter (Transonic Instrument, USA) through the data acquisition system composed of MacLab and Macintosh computer. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducer under 1.5 g loading tension. Rhus verniciflua stokes increased the changes of rCBF in rats, significantly. The rCBF of Rhus verniciflua stokes was decreased by pretreated propranolol, l-NNA and methylene blue. But atropine indomethacin did not change the rCBF. Contractions evoked by PE 0.1μM were significantly inecreased by Rhus verniciflua stokes. Propranolol significantly altered the effect of Rhus verniciflua stokes, but l-NNA, ODQ and indomethacin did not change the relaxation of Rhus verniciflua stokes. These results suggest that Rhus verniciflua stokes can increase the rCBF and relax EP induced contraction of isolated rat aorta, and that is related to sympathetics and nitric oxide.