This study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of Yanggaeng prepared with various amounts of watermelon radish flesh (WRF) powder, in ratios of 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% of the cooked white bean paste. The proximate composition, pH, sugar content, Hunter’s color values, texture analysis, and antioxidative activities of Yanggaeng were examined. Increasing the amount of WRF in the Yanggaeng tended to increase the crude ash, carbohydrate, sugar, total polyphenol, total flavonoids, and anthocyanin contents, a value, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, with decreasing the moisture and crude protein contents, L and b values, and pH. Texture measurement scores in terms of springiness, chewiness for Yanggaeng showed that 2.5% or 5.0% group was higher than those of the control group. Hardness was higher in the sample groups than in the control group. In conclusion, the results show that Yanggaeng with up to 7.0% added WRF powder can be developed as products, and there is a possibility of developing health functional snack products using WRF powder.

본 연구에서는 백삼 및 홍삼 추출물과 그 효소 가수 분해물을 제조하고 이를 첨가하여 제조된 양갱의 항산화 활성 및 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 백삼과 홍삼 추출물의 효소 가수분해를 위해서는 Rapidase C80 max, Pyr-flo, Ultimase MFC를 선정하였다. Rapidase C80 max, Pyr-flo, Ultimase MFC로 가수분해 한 백삼과 홍삼에서는 효소반응 전에는 검출되지 않았던 ginsenoside F2와 Compound K (CK)가 검출되었으며 특히 홍삼의 2차 효소 반응군에서 CK의 함량이 가장 높았다. 효소 가수분해 전 또는 후의 백삼 및 홍삼을 함유한 양갱을 제조한 후 폴리페놀 함량, 항산화 능력을 분석한 결과 백삼 및 홍삼을 함유하지 않은 양갱(대조군)에 비해 총 폴리페놀 함량, DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS 라디칼 소거능, FRAP 분석 결과 모두 우수하였으며, 첨가한 백삼 및 홍삼에 효소반응을 진행할수록 유의적으로 항산화 활성이 증가하였다(P<0.05). 밝기 (L*)는 무첨가 양갱(대조군)이, 적색도(a*)는 홍삼양갱(RG) 이, 황색도(b*)는 백삼양갱(WG)이 높게 나타났고, 조직감 은 홍삼 첨가 후 2차 가수분해까지 진행한 양갱(RG-T2) 이 강도(hardness), 탄력성(springiness), 씹힘성(chewiness), 응집성(cohesiveness), 검성(gumminess) 모두 유의하게 높은 결과를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 결론적으로, 백삼 또는 홍삼 추출물에 Rapidase C80 max, Pyr-flo, Ultimase MFC를 처리하면 진세노사이드 탈당화에 매우 유용하여 생리활성이 우수한 CK를 생산할 수 있으며, 효소로 가수분해 된 백삼 및 홍삼을 첨가한 양갱은 대조군(인삼 무첨가 양갱) 에 비해 총 폴리페놀과 항산화 활성을 유의하게 증가시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 향후 기능성 양갱 제조에 우수한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

This study examined the quality characteristics of yanggaeng with rice germ; it was incorporated into yanggaeng at different levels (containing 5% rice germ, 10% rice germ, 15% rice germ, and 20% rice germ) based on the total weight of red bean extracts. For analyzing the quality characteristics of yanggaeng, moisture content, hardness, color, antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, reducing sugar, and vitamin E were determined. There was no significant difference in the moisture content and hardness except in the control. For color, lightness and yellowness of yanggaeng increased as the concentration of the powder was increased, whereas there was no significant difference in redness. As the rice germ powder was increased, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity increased significantly, whereas reducing sugar decreased. Especially, total vitamin E, including isomers, increased as the concentration of the powder increased from 0.41 mg/100 g to 4.03 mg/100 g. Therefore, it could be possible to develop processed products with functional snack for yanggaeng prepared by adding 10% rice germ.

The purpose of this study is to prepare low-calorie yanggaeng with reduced sugar by adding neohesperidin dihydrochalcone or NHDC (0.0125%, 0.025%, 0.05%, and 0.1%) and to compare its quality characteristics. NHDC is a high sweetener, 1,500-1,800 times sweeter than sucrose. In the sugar (oBx) and water content of the NHDC-added yanggaeng, there was no significant difference except for the sugar sample. The brightness of the yanggaeng according to the amount of NHDC added was 37.7-38.7 in the NH group, which was brighter than sugar’s (35.5). The yellowness in the NH group was -0.50 to -0.54, which was higher than the sugar’s (-0.80). The total polyphenol content ranged from 16.0-16.8 mg/100g, while DPPH radical scavenging activity ranged from 63.8-65.2. In the overall acceptability, sugar and NH3 were in the order of 6.25 and 5.25, respectively, and it was found that adding 0.05% of NHDC was desirable in replacing 50% of sugar in the manufacturing of Yanngang. Accordingly, NHDC does not have sugar level sweetness, so it does not seem easy to replace sugar completely. Research on improving sweetness by using the structural modification of NHDC is essential in the future.

본 연구에서는 대추즙을 첨가하여 양갱의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 나아가 노인 및 운동선수를 위한 고열량 간식 등으로 기능성 식품을 개발하고자 하였다. 수분함량은 실험구의 경우는 대조구에 비해 다소 낮은 수분함량을 나타냈으나, 대추즙 함량이 증가할수록 낮아지거나 혹은 높아지는 경향성은 나타나지 않았다. 대추즙의 첨가량이 증가할수록 양갱의 pH는 감소하였고, 총산은 증가하였다. 색도의 경우 대추즙 첨가량이 증가할수록 오히려 명도(L값) 및 적색도(a값)는 유의적으로 감소하였고, 황색도(b값)는 유의적인 차이는 있었으나, 경향성은 보이지 않았다. 양갱의 조직감은 대추즙을 첨가하지 않은 양갱보다 대추즙을 첨가하여 제조한 양갱의 경도가 농도 의존적으로 증가하였다. 대추즙의 함량을 증가시키면서 제조한 양갱의 총폴리페놀, 항산화능 및 탄닌의 함량은 농도 의존적이며, 유의적으로 증가하였다. 따라서, 대추즙을 첨가한 양갱은 고기능성 간식으로 개발 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of Yanggaeng prepared with different concentrations of mealworm powder: 0, 1, 2, and 3%. Regarding the proximate composition, moisture, crude lipid and ash contents showed no significant differences among groups, while crude protein contents increased as the mealworm powder increased. The value of lightness (L) and yellowness (b) were higher in 3% added groups than those of control groups. Consumer acceptance test showed that no significant differences between the controls and added groups were observed in color, smell, taste and overall acceptability. The total polyphenol content ranged from 19.87 to 51.37 mg GAE/100 g, exhibiting the increase with increasing mealworm powder level. DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power increased as the amount of mealworm powder increased. In conclusion, it is suggested that mealworm powder can be incorporated into Yanggaeng up to 3% without affecting the sensory quality of Yanggaeng.

The objective of this study was to investigate the quality and sensory characteristics of yanggaeng prepared with different amounts of ginseng paste. Ginseng paste was incorporated with yanggaeng at a range of different levels of 5~15% based on the total weight of water. The pH and total acidity of yanggaeng were 6.35~6.49% and 0.03~0.07%, respectively. The sugar content of yanggaeng in the control was 25.0 °Brix and showed proportional increases up to 25.0~29.7 °Brix with increasing levels of ginseng paste. In terms of the texture profile analysis, the hardness and adhesiveness of yanggaeng decreased but the cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness increased compared to the control and ginseng paste added treatments. In color value determination, the L* and a* values decreased but the b* value increased with increasing levels of ginseng paste. The sensory evaluation indicated that the yanggaeng contained up to 15% ginseng paste and showed similar flavor, taste, texture, and overall acceptance in the control. These results suggest that ginseng paste is an ingredient that can enhance the quality and sensory potential of yanggaeng.

This study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics of Yanggaeng, including color, pH, total polyphenol contents, and antioxidant activities, with the addition of aged garlic extract (0, 3, 6, 9 or 12%), aged at low temperatures. Among the color characteristics, the lightness value decreased, and the redness and yellowness values increased, proportional to the amount of garlic extract concentrate added to Yanggaeng. The pH of Yanggaeng significantly (p<0.05) decreased according to the amount of aged garlic extract added. Total phenol contents of control (0% aged garlic extract added Yanggaeng) was the lowest, followed by 3, 6, 9, 12% aged garlic extract added to Yanggaeng (88.15, 118.39, 156.91, 208.79 mg/g, respectively). Antioxidant activities, such as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, significantly increased with increase in the aged garlic extract concentration. In the sensory evaluation for Yanggaeng, 6% aged garlic extract added to Yanggaeng had the highest score in taste, flavor, and overall acceptance. Based on these results, it is suggest that the addition of 6% aged garlic extract to Yanggaeng can be developed as a product for the elderly.

This study was conducted to assess the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of Yanggaeng prepared with different concentrations of blackcurrant powder (0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5%). The moisture content ranged from 41.95% to 45.38%, exhibiting no significant differences between the groups. The pH gradually decreased with increasing levels of blackcurrant powder. The lightness (L) value decreased while redness (a) value increased with an increasing amount of blackcurrant powder. Hardness of the control group was lower than those of the treatment groups. Consumer acceptance test revealed no significant differences in surface color, smell, taste, and overall acceptability scores between the control and 3% added groups. The total polyphenol contents and total anthocyanin contents were 7.58~54.88 mg GAE/100 g and 0.00~4.20 mg C3G/100 g), respectively, which increased proportionally with increasing levels of blackcurrant powder. The antioxidant activity measured based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were significantly higher in treatment groups than the control and increased as the concentration of blackcurrant powder increased. From the above results, blackcurrant powder up to 3% can be incorporated into Yanggaeng to satisfy taste and functional needs for consumers.

The feasibility of incorporating licorice powder (LP) as a value-added food ingredient into convenient food products was investigated using yanggaeng as a model system. LP was incorporated into yanggaeng at amounts of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% (w/w) based on total weight of cooked white beans and LP. pH level decreased while moisture content and soluble solid content increased significantly with increasing levels of LP (P<0.05). In terms of color, lightness decreased while redness and yellowness increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing levels of LP. Hardness also decreased significantly with higher amount of LP in the formulation (P<0.05). 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities were significantly elevated by LP addition, and they increased significantly as LP concentration increased in the formulation (P<0.05). Finally, consumer acceptance test indicated that the highest levels of LP incorporation (8%) had an adverse effect on general consumer preferences. In contrast, yanggaeng with moderate levels of LP (2%) is recommended based on its overall scores to take advantage of the antioxidant properties of LP without sacrificing consumer acceptability.

This experiment was carried out to find the quality characteristics of yanggaeng added antioxidant rich collagen powder in the color, sugar contents, texture, radical scavenging activity and electronic nose detected flavor. L value and a value kept decreased as the more collagen powder was added in the yanggaeng while b value was increased significantly at the same time. Sugar contents was increased significantly from 43 °Brix in the control to 48% in the 10% treatment (p<0.05). Hardness in the 10% treatment of collagen powder increased biggest among the treatments but springiness decreased when hardness increased. And adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness were also increased with more the collagen powder in the treatments, therefore 10% treatment showed biggest result significantly. Radical scavenging activity kept increased with higher addition of collagen powder and it resulted 60% of radical scavenging activity in the 10% treatment. In the flavor test under electronic nose experiment, 10% of collagen powder treatment was believed it flavored most for it was found in the furthest from the AIR location. Control was found also in the nearest from the AIR, which meant it has least flavor than any other treatment. Also 2.5% and 5% of collagen powder added treatments showed little differences of flavor from control, which meant 5% of treatment was believed idea condition in the treatments. With the above experimental results, 5% of collagen powder treatment in the yanggaeng manufacturing was chosed as the best mixture ratio in the test.

본 연구에서는 효소 발효 자이언트 흑마늘 페이스트의 비율(0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%)을 다르게 첨가하여 양갱을 제조하고, 항산화 활성 및 품질 특성을 평가한 결과, pH는 대조군이 6.79로 가장 높았고, 효소 발효 자이언트 흑마늘 페이스트의 첨가비율이 증가함에 따라 유의적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 환원당은 대조군이 5.88%로 가장 낮았고, 첨가군이 7.7~11.98%로 효소 발효 자이언트 흑마늘 페이스트의 첨가량이 증가할수록 환원당이 점점 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 색도 측정 결과, L값과 b값은 효소 발효 자이언트 흑마늘 페이스트 첨가 비율이 증가할수록 유의적으로 감소하였다. 기계적 조직감은 효소 발효 자이언트 흑마늘 페이스트의 첨가비율이 증가할수록 낮은 조직감을 나타내었고, 총 폴리페놀 함량과 DPPH radical 소거 활성은 효소 발효 흑마늘 페이스트 첨가량이 증가할수록 높은 값을 보였다. 기호도 평가 결과, 효소 발효 자이언트 흑마늘 페이스트 첨가 비율이 3~6%일 때, 모든 평가항목에서 유의적으로 높은 점수를 받았으며, 9%를 초과함에 모든 기호도가 확연하게 낮게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 효소 발효 자이언트 흑마늘 페이스트를 6%까지 첨가하여 양갱을 제조한다면 양갱의 관능적 품질을 최대한 유지하면서 기능성 식품으로 소비자의 요구를 충족시킬 수 있을 것이라 여겨진다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of white bean based Yanggaeng containing various levels of pomegranate powder (0, 2, 4 and 8%, w/w). The pH values of Yanggaeng containing pomegranate powder were found to decrease when increasing the amount of pomegranate powder. However, moisture and sugar contents were increased (p＜0.05). For color values, both L and b values were reduced by increasing the amount of pomegranate powder, while a values were increased significantly (p＜0.05). In textural properties, the addition of pomegranate powder resulted in the increase of hardness, chewiness and gumminess, while cohesiveness and springiness decreased. Antioxidant activities, evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging capacity, and total phenolic substances content increased when increasing the amount of pomegranate powder. Results of descriptive analysis showed that by increasing the amount of pomegranate powder, some attributes such as the intensity of the flavor, sourness, hardness and chewiness increased (p＜0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in sweetness. In a preference test, Yanggaeng containing 4% pomegranate powder appeared to be the most preferred for all attributes tested including overall acceptability. It was concluded that Yanggaeng containing pomegranate can be prepared with good sensory properties and antioxidant activities, and the addition of 4% pomegranate powder was found to be ideal.

본 연구에서는 포도즙의 양(0 g, 50 g, 100 g, 150 g, 200 g)을 다르게 첨가하여 포도 양갱을 제조하고, pH, 당도, 색도, 기계적 물성, 총 페놀 함량, DPPH, 관능평가를 실시하였다. 포도양갱의 pH는 포도즙의 첨가량이 증가할수록 pH 값이 낮아지면서 유의적인 차이를 보였으며, 당도는 대조군이 1.47 Brix로 가장 낮게 나타났고, 포도즙 첨가량이 증가할수록 당도가 점점 높아져 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 색도는 명도값(L값)과 황색도(b값)이 포도즙 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하였으나, 적색도(a값)는 그와 반대로 증가하였다. 물성 측정 결과, 포도즙 첨가가 증가할수록 경도는 증가하는 경향을 보였지만, 탄력성, 응집성, 점착성, 씹힘성은 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 총 페놀 함량은 포도즙 첨가량이 증가할수록 높은 값을 보였으며, DPPH radical 소거능도 총 페놀 측정 결과와 마찬가지로 대조군에서 가장 낮은 활성을 나타내었으며, 포도즙 첨가가 증가할수록 높은 항산화 활성을 보였다. 관능평가 결과, 색, 향, 맛 등의 전체적인 기호도에서 포도즙 150 g 첨가군이 가장 높은 점수를 받았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 항산화 실험에서 포도즙 200 g 첨가군의 결과가 가장 좋았으나, 관능검사 결과, 포도즙 150 g 첨가군을 가장 선호하는 결과를 함께 고려해 볼 때는 포도즙 150 g이 첨가된 양갱시료의 실용화가 바람직 할 것으로 사료된다.

더덕의 실용적 활용방법을 모색하고, 기능성 가공식품 소 재를 개발하기 위하여 더덕 껍질 농축액을 제조하고, 양갱 제 조에 활용하여 품질특성을 연구하였다. 더덕 껍질 농축액을 첨가한 양갱의 수분 함량은 무첨가군이 51.66%이고, 100% 첨가군이 46.92%로 가장 낮았다. 색도는 유관상 차이를 보이 지 않았으며, 가용성 고형분은 더덕 껍질 농축액을 첨가할수 록 미비하게 증가하였다. pH는 더덕 껍질 농축액이 증가할수 록 유의적으로 증가하였다. 더덕 껍질 농축액이 증가함에 따 라 DPPH free radical 소거능 무첨가 52.72에서 100% 첨가군 이 61.30으로 유의적으로 증가하였으며, SOD 유사활성도 39.31%에서 49.23%로 증가하여 더덕 껍질 농축액을 첨가할 수록 항산화력이 증가되는 것으로 사료된다. 기계적 품질특 성은 경도는 더덕 껍질 농축액이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증 가하였으며, 응집성은 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 씹힘성은 더 덕 껍질 농축액이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였다. 전체 적인 기호도는 80%>60%>0%>100%>40% 순으로 더덕 껍질 농축액을 60~80% 첨가하는 것이 적당한 것으로 보인다.

This study assessed the quality characteristics of Yanggaeng prepared with different ratios of Citrus mandarin powder: 0, 2, 4, and 6%. The moisture content was lowest in the controls, while there were no significant differences among the groups supplemented with Citrus mandarin powder. The pH significantly decreased as the amount of Citrus mandarin powder increased. The lightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) were lower in control groups compared to Citrus mandarin powder groups. Texture profile analysis showed that the hardness of the Citrus mandarin powder groups were lower than the control (which was the highest). The total polyphenol and flavonoid content and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity increased as the amount of Citrus mandarin powder increased. The result of a sensory evaluation test revealed no significant differences between the controls and groups with 2% Citrus mandarin powder added in color, smell, taste, texture, and overall acceptability.