To mitigate carbon emissions, the government aims to transition to renewable energy sources including hydrothermal energy, specifically through wastewater heat recovery. This process involves extracting heat from wastewater or treated water. However, assessments of demand sources for local cooling and heating have predominantly focused on the proximity of nearby facilities, without conducting comprehensive demand analyses or defining explicit supply areas. This study proposes a methodology for prioritizing suitable wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for the implementation and expansion of renewable energy. The methodology is based on the gross floor area of potential wastewater heat demand surrounding WWTPs. Initially, potential supply and demand sources were identified based on the capacity of WWTPs and the gross floor area of buildings capable of utilizing wastewater heat. In the Republic of Korea, 330 WWTPs with a capacity of 5,000 m3/day or more have been recognized as demand sources for wastewater heat recovery. The provision of treated wastewater to structures located within a 500 m radius of the WWTPs for heat recovery is considered a feasible option. The potential wastewater heat demand and renewable energy cluster were identified among the surrounding buildings and complexes A total of 13 potential supplies were identified, provided that the gross floor exceeded 60,000 m². Finally, after prioritizing based on WWTPs with these conditions, the underground plant located in the downtown area was ranked as the highest priority. If further analysis of economic feasibility, CO2 reduction, and energy efficiency are conducted, this approach can be expanded and applied within the framework the Water-Energy Nexus. Wastewater heat can be utilized not only as a renewable energy source but also as a means to enhance wastewater reuse through the supply of treated wastewater.

Distribution and logistics industries contribute some of the biggest GDP(gross domestic product) in South Korea and the number of related companies are quarter of the total number of industries in the country. The number of retail tech companies are quickly increased due to the acceleration of the online and untact shopping trend. Furthermore, major distribution and logistics companies try to achieve integrated data management with the fulfillment process. In contrast, small and medium distribution companies still lack of the capacity and ability to develop digital innovation and smartization. Therefore, in this paper, a deep learning-based demand forecasting & recommendation model is proposed to improve business competitiveness. The proposed model is developed based on real sales transaction data to predict future demand for each product. The proposed model consists of six deep learning models, which are MLP(multi-layers perception), CNN(convolution neural network), RNN(recurrent neural network), LSTM(long short term memory), Conv1D-BiLSTM(convolution-long short term memory) for demand forecasting and collaborative filtering for the recommendation. Each model provides the best prediction result for each product and recommendation model can recommend best sales product among companies own sales list as well as competitor’s item list. The proposed demand forecasting model is expected to improve the competitiveness of the small and medium-sized distribution and logistics industry.

PURPOSES : This study aims to analyze the impact of demand risk on two public-private partnership (PPP) projects, namely BTO and BTO-a. The main aspects covered in this study are: i) identification of key risk issues considering the structure of PPP projects, and ii) game theory-oriented scenario building and simulation of demand risk allocation from participants’ perspectives. METHODS : Using the institutional analysis and development (hereafter IAD) framework, a hypothetical structure is formulated to examine the interactions of demand risk. It develops a series of demand risk allocation models for PPP projects (i.e., BTO and BTO-a). The risk structures from the IAD step are the demand risk allocation issues. Using game theory-oriented simulation, this study evaluates demand risk based on scenario building. RESULTS : First, this study highlights the imbalanced rate problems of returns between the BTO and BTO-a projects proposed by the market. This may lead to improvement measures geared towards problematic methods for determining the rate of return among domestic PPP projects. Second, compared with the BTO type, this study expects that the BTO-a type may exhibit more effectiveness, which can increase the probability of project success in both the public and private sectors. Third, judging from game-theory-oriented approaches, this study confirms the function of the BTO-a as a method to adjust moral hazard in the private sector. CONCLUSIONS : Government management standards for BTO-a projects were derived based on the simulation results. It is necessary to select an appropriate project method based on rationality by balancing the IRR for each project method. Legal regulations should be applied separately to each part of the government guarantee. In addition, this study emphasizes that the introduction of ex-post value-for-money (VFM) analysis is essential for the efficient management of government expenses.

PURPOSES : The primary purpose of this study is to develop a framework for predicting the demand and distribution of pedestrians when an open space zone is built at the top through the undergroundization of the Gyeongin Expressway. METHODS : After analyzing the current status through a survey on the number of people, students, surrounding traffic volume, and future socioeconomic indicators, the rate of change in the floating population and the rate of increase and decrease in the traffic volume of pedestrians were calculated to evaluate the effect. In addition, microscopic analysis results were derived by setting a pedestrian analysis zone (PAZ). A walking environment index (WEI) was developed that can quantitatively evaluate the degree of walking activation by indicating walking-related surrounding environmental factors. Based on this, a walking demand prediction model was developed. In addition, the results were validated by calculating the walking volume through a micro-simulation in/around the open space zone. RESULTS : The number of crosswalks and schools, transit development indicators, and pedestrian volume increased as the WEI value increased. However, the log form of the distance was observed to be a factor that reduced walking. CONCLUSIONS : This study attempted to reliably predict the demand for walking on the Gyeongin Expressway by calculating the amount of induced walking and the amount of passing walking. The pedestrian demand can be boosted by improving walking environments.

PURPOSES : Recently, increasing number of local governments are introducing on-demand public transportation service in real time to improve the management efficiency of public transportation. In preparation for the autonomous driving era, the “autonomous public transportation mobility on-demand service in real time” is being developed in the public transportation sector to introduce on-demand public transportation. For this service to become the public transportation of the future, it must receive publicity. Therefore, in this study, indicators were selected to evaluate the publicity of the autonomous public transportation mobility on-demand service in real time, and a survey was conducted among the general public to examine the validity of the indicators. METHODS : To secure the publicity of on-demand public transportation in real time, the goal of the service was first set. Second, the keywords of the service were analyzed to define the publicity requirements of this service. Based on the analyzed keywords and definition of publicity, service indicator types were classified, and the indicators were defined by type. A user satisfaction survey was conducted on the final selected indicators to improve the degree of completion of indicator development. The user survey was conducted by presenting selected publicity indicators to respondents responding on a five-point scale to determine whether each indicator could satisfactorily evaluate publicity. RESULTS : When examining various previous research cases and the contents required for autonomous public transportation mobility on-demand service in real time, the required items of publicity indicators were found to be “safety” in terms of “autonomous driving” and “convenience” in terms of “demand response.” Publicity indicators were developed according to these three items. Thirty-one indicators were developed, and a satisfaction survey was conducted on the general public for each indicator. In the survey, most of the indicators scored 3.5 points or higher, indicating that the indicators were generally well defined. Users gave the highest score to “fairness” among the three items, and “reasonable fairness” was found to be a necessary item as a publicity indicator. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, evaluation indicators were selected to secure the publicity of autonomous public transportation mobility on-demand service in real time, and a satisfaction survey was conducted for each indicator. Most of the indicators showed a score of 3.5 or higher, indicating that they were generally well defined. However, this study has a limitation in that it surveys the general population. In future, experts should be included in the survey to increase the degree of completeness of the public indicators.

The objective of this study is to develop education programs for cultivating smart aquaculture experts through a education demand survey of industries, high school students, university (graduate) students and field workers. The industry demand analysis was conducted as an in-depth interview on representives from seven companies. Education demand surveys were conducted on 96 students and field workers in the Jeonnam region. Results on the demand survey were analyzed using frequency analysis and cross-analysis. The company representatives responded that they want to participated in internship and retraining programs to proactively secure manpowers with convergence capabilities about smart aquaculture. Seven companies preferred manpowers with basic competencies on ICT (Information and Communications Technologies) or aquaculture. The most respondents in the demand survey want to participate in the education program for experience on advanced technology, self-development and enhancement of work capability. On the other hand, some respondents said that the education is time-consuming and that the education program does not fit their level. Thus, the education program should be developed in a way to minimize the spatial and temporal limitations of education targets and to improve understanding of non-majors by reflecting the demands of human resources in the industrial field.

The objective of this study is to establish a direction for smart aquaculture technology development in the Republic of Korea through patent analysis and a demand survey of experts and fishermen. The patent analysis was conducted using Wisdomain for patents in the Republic of Korea, the United States of America, Europe, Japan, and China from 2005 to 2016. This study conducted an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) survey of experts in the fields of fishery, marine, and ICT among others. Furthermore, it carried out a demand survey of 85 fishermen in Jeonnam and Jeju. The smart aquaculture technology market has moderately grown in the Republic of Korea until recently, and it is expected to expand further because of the expansion of national investment in the smart aquaculture field. The priority evaluation results for developing smart aquaculture technology show that land-based aquaculture has a higher priority than sea-based aquaculture. Of the fishermen that responded, 84% said that they need to introduce smart aquaculture technology to solve problems in the supply and demand of manpower, labor cost, and maintenance expenses. The direction of development should lie in developing biological and environment-based standard aquaculture models to spread high-tech systems and vitalize the aquaculture industry. This requires continual training of human resources in the smart aquaculture field.

Logistics companies are worrying about securing of differential competitiveness so as to be competitive companies in keen logistics market. The ground is how users are satisfied by sell-established service system to respond not only economic feasibility of logistics costs but also diversity and advancement of logistics needs. The competitiveness of logistics companies is also caused by customer satisfaction of service and only companies finding and satisfying customer needs continuously may be more competitive. For the competitiveness, it’s the most important to analyze demands of current and potential customers and their pursuing value properly. Therefore, this researcher grasped PSL for online logistics service users with 5-point Likert-scale and quality-level decision method that consider the weighted value based on Kano model, measured customer’s potential Demand for service through PCDI, and suggested methodology for deciding the priority of the improvement with loss function of Taguchi.

Recently, service quality must reflect several demands of customers who show rapid and various changes so as to be compared with the past. So, objective and rapid measuring methods for service quality are necessary. For them, first of all, service company must calculate their standard of service quality accurately by measuring service quality exactly. Kano classified the degree of influence that is the degree of correspondence of the quality attributes of products and services to the subjective satisfaction of customers. As a result, the types of qualities are classified as attractive, must be, one dimensional, and indifference attributes. They have been widely used quality attributes in various industrial fields up to now. However, Kano model has a limit that it ignores the characters of the next frequent numbers even though there are not much gap comparing to the most frequent number in the questionnaire answers. The limit is attributed to the character of Kano model that the most frequent number is accepted as the only quality character. Timko calculated the customer satisfaction coefficient by using Kano’s method and studied the differences in quality character by classifying the quality characteristics in a graphical way through the relationship between the satisfaction and the dissatisfaction coefficient. In this study, we used the quality level determination method of the 7-point Likert scale, which takes the weight into account, to complement the deficiencies of the existing Kano model. We also developed and applied a Potential Satisfaction Level (P) and Potential Customer Demand Improvement (PCDI) Index to present a new approach to the determination of service quality attributes. To measure the level of potential service satisfaction and to understand the degree of improvement, we collected specimens of 51 participants who has been trained in the National Strategy Business Training Program, which has been managed by government agent, and analyzed the results.1)

본 연구의 목적은 언론분석을 통해 해양선박사고 대응을 위한 기술개발 수요를 도출하는 데 있다. 현재까지 해양분야의 기술개발 수요는 주로 Bottom Up 방식을 활용해 연구개발현장에서 필요한 기술수요를 도출하고, 이를 기반으로 기술개발이 이루어지는 방식이 적용되어 왔다. 그러나 이와 같은 방식에 의해 개발된 기술들은 실제 해양선박사고가 발생하였을 때, 현장에서 적용되기 어렵다는 문제가 존재하였다.

본 연구는 현재 지방자치단체에서 개발 예정중인 마리나와 관련하여 우리나라에 필요한 마리나의 적정수요와 마리나 개발시 입지의 중요도를 심층적으로 분석한 후 정부 및 각 지방자치단체에게 연구의 결과를 제공하고자 하는데 목적을 두며 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내의 마리나 개발 시 적정 수요는 대략적으로 49개 정도로 나타났다. 자세하게 언급하면 지역을 광역권으로 구분한 후, 마리나를 구간별로 네트워크화시켜 연안역 마리나의 개념으로 개발을 하여야 하며, 반드시 대형, 중형, 소형 마리나의 구분을 하여야 한다. 권역별로 10개는 대형(리조트형)마리나를 수도권(2), 충청권(1), 전라권(2), 경상도(3), 강원권(1), 제주권(1) 등에 개발하고, 17개는 중형(레포츠형)마리나를 수도권(3), 충청권(2), 전라권(2), 경상권(6), 강원권(2), 제주권(2) 등에 개발을 하여야 한다. 그리고 22개의 소형(지역 거점형)마리나는 수도권(2), 충청권(1), 전라권(6), 경상권(9), 강원권(2), 제주권(2) 등에 개발해야 한다. 둘째, 국내에 적합한 마리나 개발 입지의 중요도는 마리나 관련 전문가 그룹이 제시한 5개(접근성, 시장성, 이용성, 타당성, 자연환경)요인을 대상으로 종합적인 중요도를 분석한 결과 1순위는 이용성으로 나타났고, 2순위는 접근성, 3순위는 자연환경, 4순위는 시장성, 5순위는 타당성 요인으로 나타났다.

In this study, a forecasting engine from the user perspective is studied and developed. Characteristics of forecasting engine can be divided into a few categories, an algorithms for predicting variety of situations and the depth of algorithms based on the

VMS(Variable Message Sign)는 도로의 이용자에게 하류부의 교통정보를 제공하여 운전자의 경로선택을 위한 의사결정정보와 목적지까지 이동하기위하여 소요되는 통행시간정보를 제공한다. 하지만, VMS에 표출할 수 있는 정보의 개수는 표출면수에 의한 제약이 있기 때문에 신중하게 결정되어야 한다. 지금까지 기 구축된 이벤트의 메시지 표출우선순위는 발생된 이벤트의 심각도만을 고려하여 우선순위 규칙을 적용하고 있다. 하지만 VMS를 더욱 효율적으로 운영하기 위해서는 통행수요가 많은 경로에 교통정보를 우선적으로 제공할 때 그 정보의 수혜자가 가장 많을 것이다. 그러므로 실시간으로 기종점을 파악하여 더욱 많은 운전자가 경로선택이 가능한 정보를 제공받을 수 있도록 정보제공 전략을 수립할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 주도로와 진출입 램프의 검지기 데이터를 이용하여 시간분할 기종점 추정방법론으로 통행수요를 추정하였으며, 추정된 기종점자료를 바탕으로 정보제공 우선순위를 결정할 수 있는 정보제공 전략을 소개하였다.

The research developes short-run standardized control charts(SSCC) and short-run acceptance control charts(SACC) under the various demand patterns. The demand patterns considered in this paper are three types such as high-variety and repetitive low-volume pattern, extremely-high-variety and nonrepetitive low-volume pattern, and high-variety and extremely-low-volume pattern. The short-run standardized control charts developed by extending the long-run x-R, x-s and I-MR charts have strengths for practioners to understand and use easily. Moreover, the short-range acceptance control charts developed in the study can be efficiently used through combining the functions of the inspection and control chart. The weighting schemes such as Shewhart, moving average (MA) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) can be considered by the reliability of data sets. The two types according to the use of control chart are presented in the short-range standardized charts and acceptance control charts. Finally, process capability index(PCI) and process performance index(PPI) classified by the demand patterns are presented.

본 논문은 국내외의 환경 변화와 기술 발전으로 우편 물류의 업무 방식이 바뀌어가고 또 소비자들의 우편 물류 사용에 대한 인식과 사용 방식이 변화하는 상황 속에서, 국내 우편 물류를 위한 수요를 예측하는 시스템 개발하여 그 결과에 의하여 시뮬레이션을 진행하거나 우편 물류 설비나 기지에 대한 의사결정에 활용하도록 하는 사례를 연구하였다. 특히 본 연구에서 개발한 수요예측 시스템은 한국의 사회 변화와 경기 변동을 보여주는 기술적인 통계치가 우편 물류에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 한국의 우편 물류 사용자들의 패턴 변화를 중장기적인 시간의 흐름에 따라 분석하였으며, 이에 따라 시계열 예측과 인과형 예측을 진행하고 의사결정에 반영할 수 있도록 하였다.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 구직 장애인을 대상으로 고용과 연관된 장애 유형별 보조공학기기에 대한 기초수요를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 설문조사는 직업훈련 교육 및 상담을 받고 있는 구직 장애인을 대상으로 하였으며 지역적 변수를 고려하여 표집 하였다. 전체 가용 설문 대상자는 275명(남: 218, 여: 55, 무응답: 2)이였으며, 장애 유형별로 개발 우선 영역과 보조공학기기 품목을 분석하였다. 결과 : 보조공학기기의 장애 유형별 개발 수요는 지체 장애인은 일상생활, 작업보조기구, 이동을 가장 우선 개발해야 하는 영역으로 지목하였고, 시각 장애인은 시각, 청각 장애인은 청각 관련 보조공학기기의 개발을 요구하였다. 세부 제품에 대한 개발 요구 정도에서는 지체 장애인은 일상생활영역에서는 높낮이 조절 가능한 세면기 및 변기 등을 가장 개발이 요구되는 제품으로 지목하였고, 작업보조기구에서는 작업물 운송/운반 장치, 높낮이 조절 작업 테이블, 욕창방지용 쿠션 등을, 이동에서는 장애인용 개조 자동차 및 악세사리, 전동 휠체어 등을 가장 개발이 요구되는 제품으로 조사되었다. 시각 장애인은 컴퓨터 음성 입․출력 프로그램, 점자 정보 단말기, 문서인식 프로그램, 음성 메모기, 시각 장애인용 흰 지팡이 등의 순으로 나타났다. 청각 장애인은 문자 송․수신 전화기, 소리를 빛이나 진동으로 알려주는 장치, 그림과 글자가 있는 의사소통 판, 휴대용 대화장치, 화상 전화기를 가장 개발이 필요한 제품으로 설문하였다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통하여 직업재활 과정의 구직 장애인들에게 우선시 되는 보조도구 개발영역과 구체적인 장애유형별 개발 요구정도를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 앞으로 직업재활 과정에서 보조도구의 개발과 지원 정책의 기초자료로써 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Infanthood is a crucial period when mental and emotional developments take place along with physical growth. Adequate supply of nutrition is essential during this period and there is an urgent need for proper education and guidance on balanced nutrition. Therefore, this study tried to set the direction for developing baby food by investigating the conditions of weaning status and mothers perspectives on weaning. According to the result of this study, the average period when interviewees began weaning of their infants is 4.1 months and finishing period of weaning is 14.2 months on average. The frequency of consuming commercial weaning food is once a week. As high as 88.4% and the fruit juice was mainly used as the starting weaning food. The consumtion rate, more than once a day, is as high as 60%, they use commercial weaning food for convenience, especially when they are out. The 65% of surveyed group show rather dissatisfactory view about the commercial weaning food, and wanted improvements and changes. Interviewees wanted to obtain the information on baby food sold in the market and how to prepare baby food through technical literatures, and they frequently relied on commercial baby food due to its convenience. The most desired type of baby food was semi-solid paste in a disposable package that can be stored at room temperature.

The present study aims to provide an analytical framework for achieving aid and development effectiveness of agricultural cooperation with a demand-oriented perspective. This paper pays particular attention to categorize the stages of agricultural development of African recipients to identify demands for agricultural aid of the categorized groups. To do so, first of all, it establishes theoretical background to apply the demand-oriented concept and utilize the phase of agricultural development as an alternative for aid and development effectiveness. On the basis of the theoretical robustness, it conducts a series of analyses to categorize the African recipients by the development stages, incorporating factor analysis, cluster analysis and comparison between the present-future agricultural development levels. The findings propose analysis indicators for phase of agricultural development and clustered results including 18 countries of KAFACI members and priority countries in Africa. In addition to the practical application of the results, the methodological flow can be used as steps for sketching a future roadmap to construct the demand-oriented ODA(Official Development Assistance) plan. This paper also offers implications regarding ODA strategy of Korea in response to the phase of agricultural development and the aid demands.