With the evolving nature of modern warfare and the rapid advancement of technology, Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) has emerged as a core element of future air power. This study systematically identifies evaluation measures for assessing the mission effectiveness of MUM-T in the context of Air Force operations. To this end, a survey of experienced fighter pilots was conducted to derive mission scenarios suitable for MUM-T, and statistical analysis led to the selection of five scenarios. Subsequently, comprehensive evaluation measures for each selected scenario were derived through literature review and expert interviews, and their validity and expert consensus were verified using the Delphi method. Finally, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to calculate the relative importance of the evaluation measures (secondary measures only) for each scenario, and a formula-based model was proposed. The findings of this study provide a quantitative evaluation framework for verifying MUM-T mission effectiveness using Modeling and Simulation (M&S) tools, and are expected to serve as a foundational basis for weapon system acquisition and the development of operational concepts.

이 연구는 외국인 유학생의 한국어 관용 표현 교육에서 영상콘텐츠 활용의 교육적 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 영상콘텐트와 관용 표현에 대해 살피고, 대학 한국어교재 및 정부 기관 교재에 수록된 관용 표현의 현황을 분석하여 교육 내용의 특성을 파악하였다. 이를 통해 관용 표현 교육의 중요성 에 대해 살피고, 이를 기반으로 한국적 정서와 실제 언어 상황이 잘 반영된 영상콘텐츠인 「케이팝 데몬 헌터스」를 활용한 관용 표현 교육 방안을 제시하였다. 영상콘텐츠를 활용한 관용 표현 교육의 효과를 검증해 보기 위해 총 40명의 외국인 유학생을 대상으로 영상콘텐츠 기반 수업(A집단)과 메타언어 중심 수업(B집단)으로 나눠서 세 유형의 평가를 실시하였다. 분석 결과, A집단은 관용 표현의 의미 이해, 유사 표현 구별, 담화 상황 해석 등 모든 영역에서 B집단보다 우수한 성취도를 보였다. 이는 영상콘텐츠가 관용 표현의 의미적·화용적 특성을 시각적·청각적 맥락과 함께 제공함으로써 학습자의 이해를 효과적 으로 촉진한다는 점을 시사한다. 이 연구는 관용 표현 교육에서 영상콘텐츠 활용의 교육적 가능성을 실증 적으로 제시함으로써 향후 한국어 교육 방법 연구에 기여하고자 하였다.

본 연구는 국내 긍정심리기반 코칭프로그램의 객관적 효과성을 규명하기 위 해 메타분석을 실시하였으며 연구의 대상 자료는 PRISMA 문헌 선정 기준을 바탕으로 최종적으로 메타분석 연구 대상 논문 10개를 선정하였다. 메타분석을 위한 통계처리는 CMA 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 랜덤효과 모형을 통 해 전체효과 크기를 검증하고 분석하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 긍 정심리기반 코칭프로그램의 효과성에 대한 효과 크기(0.956)가 큰 효과 크기를 보여주고 있다. 둘째, 긍정심리 코칭프로그램의 대상에 따른 효과는 중학생 및 대학생에게 상대적으로 더 큰 효과 크기를 보여주었으나 고등학생을 대상으로 했을 때 비교적 낮은 효과 크기를 보여주었다. 셋째, 본 메타분석 결과 이질성 (I²=63.14%)이 비교적 높은 수준으로 나타나 중재 설계와 적용 맥락에 따라 달 라질 수 있음을 보여주었다. 향후 긍정심리기반 코칭프로그램에 대한 다양한 추 가 연구가 필요함을 보여주었다.

Ambrosia trifida is an invasive annual plant species that creates dense stands, suppressing native vegetation in affected habitats. To assess its ecological impact and the short-term effectiveness of mechanical management, we conducted field removal experiments using cutting and uprooting methods. We examined plant community composition, species richness, and diversity before and after treatment. Mechanical removal significantly altered plant community structure, leading to increased emergence of native species and reduced dominance of A. trifida, while control plots showed minimal change. Treated plots also had substantially lower soil seed bank density, with most remaining seeds concentrated in the upper 0-5 cm layer, indicating that limiting annual seed input is crucial for suppressing population persistence. However, recovery responses varied by site: Mugunri experienced notable declines in A. trifida cover and a greater establishment of native species, whereas the CCZ site retained A. trifida as a sub-dominant and saw limited recruitment of native species. These differing outcomes suggest that site-specific environmental conditions, initial species pools, and residual seed bank size may affect vegetation recovery after invasive plant removal. While this study demonstrates that mechanical removal disrupts A. trifida dominance and encourages short-term vegetation recovery, its one-year duration limits our understanding of longterm successional pathways. Continued monitoring, repeated annual removal, and assessments across multiple sites are necessary to better understand the mechanisms driving post-removal recovery and to inform the development of effective restoration strategies.

본 연구는 내빙 실습선 건조의 필요성과 경제성을 종합적으로 평가함으로써, 한국 해기사 교육 및 북극항로 대응 역량 강 화를 위한 전략적 방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 북극해 환경 변화 및 북극해 선박 운항 분석, Polar code 분석, 북극 해 관련 정책 및 교육 수요를 검토하였으며, 이를 토대로 세 가지 건조 대안(대안 1~3)을 설정한 후 비용-효과 분석(Cost-Effectiveness Analysis)을 통해 각 대안별 상대적 경제성 및 정책적 효용성을 비교․평가하였다. 분석 결과, 단순 건조비 측면에서는 대안 1이 가장 경 제적인 것으로 나타났으나, 극지 전문인력 양성, 북극항로 실증 연구, 국제협력 강화, 해상교통로 확보, 국가 전략적 기반 마련 등 교육· 연구·정책적 파급효과를 종합적으로 고려한 경우 대안 2가 가장 적합한 방안으로 도출되었다. 북극해를 운항할 수 있는 내빙 실습선 건 조는 단순히 선박 확보를 넘어, 한국 해기사의 국제 경쟁력 확보, 한국 해운기업의 북극항로 진출 기반 마련, 북극권 국가와의 해운․해 양 협력 등의 복합적 효과를 갖는 것으로 평가된다. 이 연구가 향후 우리 정부의 북극 정책 수립에 기초 자료로 활용되기를 기대한다.

This study examined the relationship between food safety culture and quality innovation performance within the food manufacturing industry, emphasizing the mediating role of organizational effectiveness. A conceptual framework was developed to define food safety culture across five sub-dimensions: executive leadership, employee engagement, communication, continuous improvement, and customer-focused orientation. Quality innovation performance was assessed in terms of quality improvement, customer satisfaction, and cost reduction. Additionally, organizational effectiveness, encompassing job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and innovation behavior, was also examined as a mediating variable between food safety culture and quality innovation performance. Survey data were collected from employees in food-related companies, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to empirically test the proposed relationships. The analysis reveals that food safety culture exerts a significant positive impact on quality innovation performance. Specifically, a strong food safety culture enhances quality innovation performance, both directly and indirectly, with the latter effect mediated through organizational effectiveness. These findings highlight the role of organizational effectiveness as a critical pathway through which food safety culture drives sustainable improvements in food manufacturing performance. This study offers both theoretical and practical contributions to the literature. From a theoretical perspective, this study advances the literature by linking food safety culture to quality innovation performance and organizational effectiveness, thereby deepening our understanding of how safety-oriented values and practices shape organizational performance. Practically, the results suggest that managers can improve quality and long-term competitiveness by fostering a strong food safety culture. Strategies such as reinforcing leadership commitment, encouraging employee participation, strengthening internal communication, promoting continuous improvement initiatives, and embedding customer-focused thinking are essential for institutionalizing a food safety culture into organizational routines. By implementing these strategies, companies can achieve both enhanced food safety while simultaneously strengthening long-term organizational sustainability.

본 연구는 노인맞춤돌봄 특화서비스 우울형 이용 노인을 대상으로 집 단프로그램의 효과성을 혼합연구방법을 통해 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 노인맞춤돌봄 특화서비스 제공기관인 J시 H기관의 특화서비스 이용 노인을 대상으로 실험집단 24명, 통제집단 20명으로 구분하여 사 전·사후 검사를 실시하였으며, 양적 자료는 공분산분석(ANCOVA), 질적 자료는 포커스그룹 인터뷰(FGI)를 통해 분석하였다. 연구결과, 실험집단 은 통제집단에 비해 우울감과 자살생각이 유의미하게 감소하였다. 또한 질적 분석에서는 자기돌봄 역량 강화, 대인관계 확장, 정서적 안정의 경 험이 도출되었다. 본 연구는 노인맞춤돌봄 특화서비스 우울형 대상자를 위한 집단중재의 실천적 효과를 실증적으로 확인하였다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다.

漢字, 수천 년의 역사를 가진 이 문자 체계는 중화 문화의 보물일 뿐만 아니라 전 세계 화인 커뮤니티의 중요한 연결 고리입니다. 그러나 비화어 학생들에게 있어 한자의 복잡한 필획과 구조는 종종 중국어 학습에 큰 도전이 됩니다. 이들 학생은 한자 인식, 쓰기 및 이해에서 많은 어려움을 겪을 수 있으며, 이는 그들의 중국어 학습 진행을 방해하고 중화 문화에 대한 흥미와 열정을 약화시킬 수 있습니다. 이러한 도전을 극복하고 비화어 학생들의 중국어 학습에 대한 흥미와 효과를 높이기 위해 본 논문은 한자 변천 표상을 통합한 혁신적인 한자 교수 전략을 제안합니다. 이 전략은 사례 연구 방법에 기반하여 흥미로운 교수 활동과 실용적인 학습 도구를 결합하였습니다. 본 연구에서 는 협력 교사의 교수 요구를 바탕으로 중화 전통 문화를 배경으로 한 한자 교안을 설계하였으며, 여기에는 갑골문과 전서 등의 문자 변천 과정이 포함됩니다. 연구자는 이 교수 전략이 학생들이 한자의 기원과 발전을 이해하는 데 도움을 줄 뿐만 아니라, 한자가 지닌 독특한 깊은 문화적 배경을 느낄 수 있도록 하기를 기대합니다. 또한 연구자는 다양한 연구 도구를 활용하여, 수업 관찰, 교사와 학생 인터뷰 및 학습 결과 반성표 등을 통해 학생들이 한자를 학습하는 과정에서의 성과와 감정을 종합적으로 이해하고자 하였습니다. 이 연구를 통해 연구자는 비화어 학생들이 한자의 필획과 부수에 대한 이해를 심화하고, 한자 쓰기 능력을 향상시키며, 한자 학습에 대한 자신감을 강화할 수 있기를 기대합니다. 이러한 기초 위에, 연구자는 비화어 학생들에게 한자를 가르치는 효과적인 방법과 전략을 정리하여, 한자 교수 분야에 새로운 아이디어와 방법을 제공하고, 전 세계적으로 중국어 제2언어 교육의 보급 및 발전을 촉진하기를 바랍니다.

Traffic congestion in tunnels, particularly phantom jams, significantly reduces driving efficiency and increases crash risks. To address this issue, a Pacemaker System (PMS) was implemented in the Geumnam Tunnel along the Seoul–Yangyang Expressway. A PMS aims to stabilize traffic flow and improve operational efficiency by guiding drivers to maintain uniform speeds through sequential LED illumination. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of a PMS on traffic flow by analyzing Vehicle Detection System (VDS) data collected before and after its implementation. The analysis incorporated Level of Service (LOS) categories A–E, and distinguished between peak and non-peak hours to assess speed improvements and flow stabilization. The results indicated that the PMS increased the average speeds by approximately 6.5% across the LOS A–E conditions, with the most pronounced effects observed in LOS C–E. Furthermore, the speed distribution analysis revealed that the PMS enhanced lower-percentile speeds and reduced speed variance, thereby contributing to improved traffic stability. Statistical tests confirmed that the observed improvements were significant (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that the PMS effectively mitigates phantom jams and improves tunnel traffic efficiency, offering empirical evidence to support future PMS deployment and the development of tunnel traffic management policies.

This study evaluated the effectiveness of fire safety education in high school dormitories high density residential environments by assessing both cognitive and behavioral changes. Pre and post surveys were combined with measurement of the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET), which recorded 264 seconds from alarm activation (T₀ + 0 sec) to final evacuation completion (T₀ + 264 sec). This enabled a quantitative analysis of behavioral improvement. Results revealed that academic performance and family background significantly influenced learning outcomes, whereas the “evacuation during fire” domain showed no statistically significant change, suggesting insufficient instructional content or delivery. Policy recommendations include customized fire safety programs reflecting learner characteristics, experiential evacuation drills, school and home safety integration, mandatory dormitory fire drills, and certification with best practice dissemination. The findings offer a practical framework for enhancing fire safety education tailored to dormitory based schools, contributing to improved preparedness, response capability, and student survival in real fire emergencies.

This study aimed to empirically varify the effectiveness of a pre-traumatic cognitive learning program for new firefighters from a preventive perspective. A quasi-experimental study using a single-group pre-post design was conducted with 380 newly recruited firefighters who had completed the fire academy's initial training program. A measurement tool comprising 28 severe trauma scenarios and 7 educational effectiveness evaluation items was developed through structured interviews with 37 experienced firefighters. After implementing the two-session severe trauma cognitive restructuring program, the educational effects were comprehensively evaluated using exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, paired-sample t-tests, and analysis of variance. The results confirmed that firefighters' severe trauma experiences comprise four factors: ‘Trauma from Mass Casualty and Complex Disaster Sites’, ‘Trauma Related to Firefighter Duties and Colleagues’, ‘General Trauma from Fire and Accident Sites’, and ‘Trauma Related to Handling Distressed and Damaged Bodies’. Statistically significant improvement effects were verified across all trauma factors before and after the training, and overall perceptions of training effectiveness improved. This study holds theoretical and practical significance as it empirically verified the effectiveness of preventive training for enhancing the severe trauma response capabilities of newly appointed firefighters.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a simulation-based Room of Errors patient safety education program on patient safety-related nursing activities and critical reflection competency of new nurses. Method: A randomized controlled pretest–posttest design was used. A total of 63 new nurses participated, with 32 assigned to the experimental group and 31 to the control group. The experimental group received a team-based simulation intervention, with participants collaboratively identifying and addressing patient safety hazards within Room of Errors scenarios. Results: In the experimental group, patient safety-related nursing activity scores increased significantly after the intervention (t = 2.70, p = .011), while the control group showed no significant change (t = 0.23, p = .816). Additionally, critical reflection competency scores improved significantly in the experimental group (t = 3.66, p < .001), with no significant change observed in the control group (t = -0.53, p = .603). The between-group difference in change scores for critical reflection competency was statistically significant (t = 2.77, p = .007). Conclusion: The simulation-based Room of Errors education program effectively enhanced patient safety-related nursing activities and critical reflection competency among new nurses, suggesting its value as a training method for developing essential competencies in clinical practice.

This study aimed to develop a simulation-based scenario for pediatric nursing based on Kawasaki disease and to evaluate its impact on nursing students' knowledge, critical thinking disposition, self-efficacy, stress levels, and clinical performance. Methods: The scenario template was developed using the ADDIE model based on the National League for Nursing/Jeffries Simulation Framework. A quasi-experimental, single-group pretest-posttest was used. The study was conducted between March 3 and April 18, 2025, with 64 fourth-year nursing students. Self-report questionnaires were used to assess knowledge, critical thinking disposition, and selfefficacy. Stress was measured using physiological indicators, and clinical performance after the simulation was independently evaluated by both the instructor and researcher. Results: The scenario template required approximately six hours, and the simulation scenario operated for 20 minutes. Evaluation of the simulation`s effectiveness showed significant improvements in knowledge of Kawasaki disease (t=-6.96, p<.001), critical thinking disposition (t=-4.08, p<.001). The average clinical performance score was 64.81±6.61 out of a total of 86 points. Conclusion: The simulation-based learning method using the developed Kawasaki pediatric nursing scenario template was shown to be effective in enhancing clinical performance among nursing students. It may serve as a valuable educational tool for pediatric nursing education and future simulation-based training programs.

목적: 본 연구는 주의력결핍 과잉행동장애(Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder; ADHD)를 가진 성인을 대상으로 실행기능(executive function) 중재를 시행한 무작위 대조군 연구를 체계적으로 고찰함으로 써, 중재법과 효과 및 평가도구를 분석하고 임상 적용 가능성에 대한 근거를 제시하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 2015년 1월부터 2024년 11월까지 10년간 국외 학술지에 게재된 무작위 대조군 연구를 PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO에서 검색하였다. 주요 검색어로는“attention deficit hyperactivity disorder”, “executive function”, “randomized controlled trial”, “intervention”, “program”, “training”과 “therapy”를 사용하였다. 선정 및 배제기준에 따라 최종적으로 13편을 선정하였다. 결과: 선정된 연구의 비뚤림 위험, 중재법 및 기간, 중재의 효과, 평가도구를 분석하였다. 비뚤림 위험 수준은 ‘낮음’ 1편, ‘일부 우려’ 6편, ‘높음’ 6편으로 나타났다. 중재법은 크게 세 가지 접근법으로 구분되었고, 인지적 접근이 가장 많이 활용되었으며 활동 기반 접근과 신체 기반 접근이 그 뒤를 이었다. 모든 중재는 실행기능을 향상시키는 효과를 보였고, 특히 전반적인 실행기능, 억제, 작업기억의 개선이 두드러졌다. 실행기능 외의 효과로 ADHD 및 심리사회적 증상 감소, 삶의 질 및 작업수행능력 향상이 함께 관찰되었다. 총 12가지의 평가도구가 사용되었으며, BRIEF-A (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version) 가 가장 높은 빈도를 보였다. 결론: 본 연구는 성인 ADHD를 대상으로 한 실행기능 중재가 다양한 접근법을 통해 실행기능 및 관련 증상 개선에 효과가 있음을 확인하였으며, 실행기능 중재의 임상 적용 및 향후 연구 설계를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Purpose: This study examined the effectiveness of an integrated nursing simulation practicum in enhancing readiness for practice and self-confidence in clinical decision-making among nursing students. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group and preand post-test measurements was employed. The participants were 51 fourth-year nursing students enrolled in a simulation practicum. The integrated simulation program comprised six scenarios covering adults, women’s health, and pediatric nursing, totaling 30 instructional hours. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, with paired and independent t-tests, Fisher’s exact test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in readiness for practice (t=-3.55, p=.002) and self-confidence in clinical decision-making (t=-7.40, p<.001) compared to pre-intervention scores. A statistically significant difference in readiness for practice was observed between the experimental and control groups (p=.048). However, the difference in self-confidence in clinical decision-making between the groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Nursing education should equip nursing students to effectively transition into clinical practice as new graduate nurses. The integrated simulation practicum can be considered an effective strategy for enhancing nursing students’ readiness for practice.

본 연구는 교육취약 학생의 교육격차 해소를 위한 학습·정서멘토링 프 로그램을 실시하고 효과성을 검증하고자 하였다. 연구참여자는 초·중학교 재학 중인 교육취약 학생으로 실험집단 51명과 비교집단 48명으로 선정 하였다. 학습·정서멘토링 프로그램은 멘토와 함께 주 1회 60분, 20회를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 학습·정서멘토링 프로그램에 참여한 실험집단의 학생들은 비참여 비교집단에 비해 학교적응, 학습동기, 자기효능감이 향 상되었으며 위축 및 우울·불안이 감소되었고 사전검사와 사후검사 점수 변화의 집단 간 차이가 통계적으로 유의하였다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으 로 교육취약 학생을 위한 학습·정서멘토링 프로그램의 확대 적용 필요성 과 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 하였다.

Older adults face a heightened risk of chronic diseases due to physiological changes, functional decline, and dietary imbalances. Although nutrition education can enhance dietary habits, its influence on physical activity is less clear. This study, conducted at the Seongnam Senior Industry Innovation Center in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, assessed the effects of group-based nutrition education on 24 adults aged 65 and older (10 men, and 14 women; mean age 76.08 years). Participants engaged in a 12-week program that focused on hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and nutrition management. Anthropometric measurements, physical activity capacity, and dietary intake were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results showed significant reductions in body weight (p=0.038) and waist circumference (p=0.003), while BMI, body fat, and blood pressure remained unchanged. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass, muscle mass index, and right-hand grip strength decreased. Dietary fiber intake saw a slight increase, while cholesterol intake decreased significantly (p=0.007). Waist circumference decreased in both the groups consuming less than 300 mg and those consuming 300 mg or more of cholesterol. Overall, group-based nutrition education led to improvements in dietary habits and anthropometric outcomes, but did not enhance physical activity levels. Combining nutrition education with structured exercise may be more effective in promoting muscle strength and functional health in older adults.