We studied to develop a forecasting model to predict the hatching time of overwintered eggs of Lycorma delicatula. We collected overwintering egg masses on 1st February, 17th February and 4th March. After chilling them at 5℃ for 15 days, development of eggs was investigated at six constant temperature (35, 31, 27, 23, 19, 15℃). The hatching rate of egg was highest at 23℃ (87.88±19.32%) followed by 19℃ (87.71±21.47%), 27℃ (75.96±24.82%), and 31℃ (30.92±24.81%). Eggs did not survive at 35℃. The developmental duration of eggs was 39.47±2.24, 22.96±3.25, 17.56±1.58 and 12.15±6.29, at 19, 23, 27 and 31℃, respectively. The egg developmental rate was described with a linear model (eq. Y=0.0034X-0.0364 (r=0.9649)) between 19℃ and 31℃. The lower developmental threshold temperature was 10.71℃ and effective accumulated temperature for egg development was 286.40 Degree days.
갈색여치는(Paratlanticus ussuriensis) 메뚜기목 여치과에 속하는 곤충으로 2001년 충북 충주 및 단양 지역의 과수농가에 피해가 보고된 이후로, 충북 영동 지역을 중심으로 해마다 지속적으로 발생하고 있으며, 2006년 및 2007년 충북 영동지역에 대발생하여 과수농가에 많은 피해를 주었다. 갈색여치와 같은 메뚜기목 곤충들이 대발생하여 농작물에 피해를 준 사례는 국내에서는 흔치 않아 갈색여치 방제에 어려움이 많기 때문에, 최근 국내에서 갈색여치의 생태 및 방제 방법에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 갈색여치의 과거 및 현재 분포 정보를 제공하고, 향후 갈색여치 분포를 예측함으로 해서 갈색여치 방제를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 2001년도까지 보고된 자료에 따르면 갈색여치는 전국 41개 시군에서 발생이 보고되었다. 2006년부터 2009년까지 갈색여치 분포 조사 결과 경기도, 강원도, 충북, 경북 북부 지방을 중심으로 11개 시군에서 갈색여치 발생이 새롭게 확인되었다. 이 중 충북 영동, 옥천, 전북 무주, 전남 구례, 경북 문경, 강원 홍천 대관령 일대에서 많은 개체가 확인되어, 이들 지역은 갈색여치 피해위험 지역으로 판단할 수 있다. 갈색여치 분포는 활엽수 분포 지역과 상당히 밀접한 관계를 보였으며, 향후 지구 온난화에 따라 활엽수 분포 지역이 넓어질 것으로 예측되기 때문에 갈색여치의 분포 지역 또한 넓어질 것으로 예상된다.
Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) and Gryon japonicum (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) are major egg parasitoids of Riptortus pedestris (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae), a mobile pest on several crops in Korea and Japan. We compared the sensitivity of the two parasitoids to different temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions to understand their phenological relations. Less than 6 hours old naïve female adult O. nezarae and G. japonicum were individually kept in 50 ml tubes without food and water sources. The tubes were placed in three humidity conditions (50-55, 70-75, and 90-95% RH) in desiccators. These desiccators were then maintained at 20, 25, and 30°C. In each temperature and RH combination 75-76 individuals were assessed for the mortality every 8 hours. G. japonicum was found to survive longer (37-116 hours) in all the temperature and RH combinations than O. nezarae (31-103 hours). Both the two parasitoids survived better in higher RH in all temperatures. The reduced sensitivity to lower humidity by G. japonicum compared to O. nezarae may explain the earlier occurrence of G. japonicum in the spring. The relations with seasonal occurrence of the two parasitoids were discussed.
아스파라거스(Asparagus officinalis)는 어린 순을 식용으로 이용하는 작물로 전국적으로 약 20ha면적에서 재배되고 있다. 현재 이 작물에 발생하는 해충에 대한 연구가 미비하여 농가에서 방제에 어려움이 있다. 2007년부터 제주시 애월과 오등동, 서귀포시 동흥동의 시설 아스파라거스 재배원에서 조사를 수행한 결과, 파총채벌레(Thrips tabaci), 담배거세미나방(Spodoptera litura) 과 파밤나방(S. exigua), 아스파라거스잎벌레(Crioceris asparagi), 달팽이류가 아스파라거스 재배에 가장 문제가 되는 해충이었다. 아스파라거스에 발생하는 총채벌레종류는 파총채벌레로, 전시기에 발생하나 봄 수확기에 밀도가 낮게 유지되다가 6월 입경이후 밀도가 급증하는 경향을 보였다. 피해는 봄 수확기에는 순의 탈색 및 곡경을 유발하였고, 입경 후에는 잎과 줄기에 다량의 흡침자국을 만들고 병 발생을 심화시켰다. 나방류 해충으로는 파밤나방과 담배거세미나방, 왕담배나방(Helicoverpa armigera), 네눈쑥가지나방(Ascotis selenaria), 도둑나방( 순으로 많이 발생하였고, 이 중 파밤나방과 담배거세미나방은 매년 8월 이후 가을철에 다량 발생하는 양상을 보였다. 피해증상은 줄기의 표면이나 잎을 갉아먹었다. 봄 수확기에 문제가 되는 해충으로 아스파라거스잎벌레와 달팽이류가 있다. 아스파라거스잎벌레는 순의 잎 비늘 사이에 주로 산란하였고, 부화한 약충과 성충이 모두 가해하였다.
Sexual dimorphism, the difference between sexes in secondary sexual characters, is in general driven by processes of sexual selection. The horn-headed cricket, Loxoblemmus doenitzi, exhibits sexual dimorphism in head shape, in which males have flat heads and triangular horns on both sides of their heads, whereas females have rounded heads and no horns. We hypothesized that male horns have been evolved due to intra-sexual selection in which males use these horns as weapons in aggressive interactions. To test this hypothesis, we conducted agonistic trials of field-caught males in L.doenitzi. Horn length was significantly correlated with thorax length and hind femur length. During agonistic males aggressively used their horns by beating the opponent’s horns with their horns or by poking the opponent’s body with their horns. However, the result of logistic regression analysis revealed that horn length or horn point frequency were not significant factors for contest outcome. Instead, body size was significant for determining contest outcome
The nymphs of the lantern fly, Lycorma delicatula, typically aggregate on tree branches for feeding. We studied the agonistic interactions between nymphs in the field and investigated the effects of residence and size asymmetries on contest outcome. Resident nymphs took positions and engaged in feeding on tree branches, whereas intruding nymphs moved along tree branches. When intruders approached, residents typically raised their front legs as a threat sign. Intruders would decide to either move away or palpate residents, and residents often lowered their position when palpated. Then, intruders would attempt to shake residents back and forth, and the number of attempts varied from once to several. Residents either maintained its position or fled away. After a contest, the winner was determined as the one which occupied the position it fought over. Resident nymphs won 84.2 % of the agonistic encounters, and nymphs with bigger body size won 63.2 % of the agonistic encounters. The result of the logistic regression analysis revealed that residence was a significant factor for contest outcome, but body size was not
방조제 건설에 의한 인공호수이자 기수호인 시화호는 면적 43.80㎢에 달하며, 행정구역상 경기도 시흥시, 안산시, 화성시에 걸쳐 있고, 지리적으로 위도 37o 11' - 37o 20', 경도 126o 34' - 126o 50' 에 포함된다. 기후조건은 연평균기온 11.9℃, 연평균강우량 1,252.3mm, 연평균상대습도는 72.8%이다. 본 연구는 시화호 주변지역의 육상곤충 비오톱 6곳에서 2005년 4월부터 2009년 9월까지 매년 주간 4회, 야간(6월) 1회 조사를 수행하여 5년간 총 25회 조사하였다. 주간조사는 전 지역에서 실시하였으며, 야간조사는 음도(INS-3)지역에서 시행하였다. 조사결과 2005년 10목 76과 255종, 2006년 10목 83과 273종, 2007년 13목 86과 282종, 2008년 13목 110과 354종, 2009년 12목 107과 338종이 출현하며 지속적으로 종다양성이 향상되는 양상을 나타냈으나 2009년 최초로 감소하였다. 목별 우점도는 1차년도 최우점 목이던 파리목의 우점도가 24.71%에서 14.79%까지 지속적으로 감소하였으며, 딱정벌레목의 경우 8.63%에서 17.46%로 두드러진 증가 추세를 나타냈다. 지역별로는 당재(INS-6)지점의 다양도가 가장 높아졌으며, 방아머리나루터(INS-7)지역은 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 전체적으로 교란에 강한 파리목의 우점도가 감소 추세를 보이는 것을 볼 때 환경이 점차 개선되고 곤충 개체군도 안정되어가는 것으로 사료된다. 또한 경기 서북부 국지종인 큰주홍부전나비가 당재(INS-6)지점에서 발견되어서 서식지 보호가 필요한 것으로 사료된다
The legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) causes serious damage to some legume crops of genus Vigna and Sesbania in Korea. In the current study, laboratory studies on the temperature-dependent development of the insect were performed at 8 constant temperatures ranging from 13℃ to 34℃ at 3℃ intervals. Lower developmental threshold (LDT) for eggs, larvae, and pupae were calculated as 10.0, 12.5 and 13.3℃, respectively, using the linear-regression equations of the developmental rates. Degree-days required to complete a stage were estimated as 48, 187, and 94, for egg, larval, and pupal stages, respectively. The larvae couldn't survive at 13 and 16℃, and the larval survival rate was the highest at 28℃. The egg hatching rate was the lowest at 13℃. In the adult stage, the pre-oviposition period was the shortest at 22℃, and the total egg number was the most with ca. 500 at 25℃. Degree-days for the stages of 1st-4th larval instars, egg, and adult emergence-50% oviposition were calculated during the reproductive development season of red bean using single sine method and Suwon weather station data based on LDTs, respectively. Finally, the adult occurrence time was estimated after the degree-days were cumulated reversely from the distribution data of larval stages observed in a red bean field
The perilla leaf pyralid moth, Pyrausta panopealis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a serious pest damaging to leaf perilla. In order to establish the life parameters of P. panopealis for eventual purpose of control, the developmental span of each stage were investigated under five temperature regimes (20℃ ~ 3 0℃). In addition, the larvicial efficacy of several on-the-market environment-friendly agricultural materials (EFAMs) was tested. The width of head capsule at each larval stage measured to be the mean of 0.21, 0.32, 0.47, 0.64, and 0.98 mm, respectively. The larval period of P. panopealis was longest at 20ºC as 27.0 days and shortened as temperature goes up to 30ºC as 11.3 days. Survivorship of the larval P. panopealis was the highest at 30ºC as 80%, whereas that of other temperatures ranged from 40% (20ºC) to 62.5% (27.5ºC), indicating that the P. panopealis appears to favor higher temperature. In addition to larval period, the duration of egg, prepupa, and pupa stages also shortened as temperature goes up, whereas the duration of adult stage increased as temperature goes up: from 4.1 days at 20 ºC to 6.1 days at 30ºC. After the perilla leaf pyralid moths were successfully stabilized in indoor environment the larvicidal efficacy of the ten EFAMs that were previously selected from the result of other moth species was tested aimed at 4th instar larvae for 48 hrs. Seven of the ten tested showed more than 90% of mortality within 12 hrs and reached nearly up to 100% within 24 hrs, but the remaining three showed less than ~70%.
The rice leaf roller, Cnaphalocroci smedinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a leaf-feeding pest of rice world-widely distributed. For better understanding of the pest insect, geographic sequence variation of the species were performed using the mitochondrial A+T-rich region, with the samples collected from seven Korean and six Chinese localities. A total of 94 haplotypes obtained from 187 individuals showed the length variation, ranging from 339 bp to 348 bp. The maximum divergence of 4.57% appears to evidence a substantial sequence variation, indicating the applicability of this molecular marker to the study of geographic variation. Overall, a high per generation migration ratio (Nm = 3.67742 ~ infinite), a low level of genetic fixation (FST = 0 ~ 0.11969), and no discernable isolated population were noted in the most C. medinalis populations. AMOVA analysis to find out allocation of genetic variability of C. medinalis populations has shown allocation of majority of variation to the within-population, rather than among-populations and between-region, suggesting that the C. medinalis populations in both China and Korea are largely well connected. This result is consistent with current knowledge of the dispersal ability of the species. The structure analysis of the A+T-rich region has shown that the typical structural elements found in other lepidopteran insects also is well preserved in the C. medinalis A+T-rich region (i.e., a poly-T stretch and a microsatellite-like A/T repeat).
최근 허브식물는 기능 및 건강식품으로 각광받고 있는 식품 제조 원료로 사용되고 있으나, 소면적 작물로 그동안 허브 병해충에 대한 기존 자료가 부족한 상태이다. 이에 고품질 허브생산을 위해 요구되는 해충 종합관리체계를 구축하기 위한 사전조사로 허브에 발생하는 해충의 종류 및 발생소장이 규명되어야 한다. 이에 준고냉지에 20종의 허브식물을 식재하여 해충발생 특성을 2008년과 2009년 2년간 육안조사한 결과를 아래와 같이 보고하고자 한다. 발생한 해충은 총채벌레목 1종, 노린재목 4종, 매미목 4종, 나비목 8종, 딱정벌레목 1종, 파리목 1종, 거미강 1종, 기안목 1종 등 총 21종이었다. 허브식물별 해충발생수를 조사하였을 때, 바질 8종, 페퍼민트와 레몬밤, 7종, 세이지, 로켓샐러드 6종, 배초향, 구절초 5종, 벨가못, 펜넬, 한련화 3종, 로즈마리, 오레가노, 백리향 2종, 라벤더, 케모마일, 에키네시아, 고수, 쳐빌, 로즈제라늄 1종이었고, 노지에서 재배할 경우는 피해 해충 종수는 더욱 감소하였다. 해충피해가 발생하지 않은 허브식물은 재배환경에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 비가림하우스에서는 마조람 1종에서, 노지에서 재배한 허브식물 에서는 라벤더, 케모마일, 오레가노, 마조람, 백리향, 에키네시아, 고수, 로즈제라늄에서는 해충 피해가 발생하지 않았다. 이후 해충발생특성 및 피해정도에 대한 지속적인 조사가 요구되며, 이러한 자료를 기반으로 해충방제체계를 구축하여 농가의 안정적인 생산을 유도하여야 할 것이다.
The cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi Maskell (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), is a destructive pest on citrus. This study was conducted to obtain the stage-specific phenology of I.purchasi for use in field application. The crawlers (hatched nymphs) from the egg sac of overwintered female began to move from late May and peaked in early to mid-June with most crawlers completed the movement till late June. The 1st nymph population peaked in mid June in 1stgeneration and early October in 2ndgeneration. The 2nd nymphs showed peak activity in late July and late October during the 1st and 2nd generation, respectively. The 3rd nymphs peaked in early September in 1st generation, while it kept a plateau without forming a peak after mid October in 2nd generation. The 1st generation adults peaked in mid September, and the tail was overlapped with 2nd generation adult population. Consequently, two life cycles were competed in Jeju area. An average of 20.7% of citrus orchards was infested with I. purchasi with a 3.9% of mean infested trees in Jeju. The present results should be useful in establishing management strategies for I. purchasi in citrus orchards.
애넓적밑빠진벌레(Epuraea domina Reitter)는 딱정벌레목(Coleoptera) 밑빠진벌레과 (Nitidulidae) 속하는 곤충으로 감귤에서는 개화기 성충이 꽃에 모여 꽃잎과 암술을 먹고 자방에 상처를 내어 과실의 표면에 긁힌 자국의 콜크화 피해를 유발하는 해충으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 애넓적밑빠진벌레의 연중 생활사를 구명하고자 2009년 5월부터 2010년 4월까지 제주도 감귤원에서 성충 및 알, 번데기 등의 발생 동태를 조사하였다. 애넓적밑빠진벌레 성충은 낙과되어 반 부패된 감귤에서 주로 발견되었으며, 5월 중순경 감귤개화기에 개화한 꽃으로 유인되어 발생한 후 6월에서 10월 중순까지는 낙과과실 등 주요 서식처에서 발견되지 않았고 10월 중순이후부터 낙과 감귤에서 다시 발견되기 시작하였다. 이때 발생한 성충은 초겨울(12월 초순)부터 토양에 산란을 시작하였으며 최고 산란 시기는 12월에서 2월경이었고 4월 상순까지 산란이 관찰되었다. 겨울철 낙과감귤에서 발육한 유충은 4월 상순부터 토양에서 번데기로 되었으며 4월 하순경부터 성충으로 우화하였다. 항온조건인 12℃와 25℃에서 산란 여부를 조사한 결과 두 온도 조건에서 산란이 가능하였으며, 25℃에서 산란수가 약 3배 많았고 산란기간은 짧았다.
제주도 지역 화구호를 비롯한 담수습지 24곳 습지에 서식하고 있는 수서곤충의 분포와 군집의 특성에 대해 분석한 결과 총 7목 31과 68속 92종 3327개체가 출현하였다. 조사지 중 가장 다양한 종이 출현한 장소는 동백동산못 50종이었다. 국내 최대형종 수서곤충이며 멸종위기동물인 물장군은 저지대 6곳에서 출현하였고 한국미기록과 곤충인 Hydrochidae의 Hydrochus japonicus Sharp는 이번에 조사지 6곳에서 확인되었다. 이와 함께 지금까지 국내에 보고 되지 않았던 노린재목의 Omaniidae Corallocoris의 1개체가 1100습지에서 확인되었다. 조사지간 유사도를 분석한 결과 유사도가 0.19인 사라악과 백록담의 거리가 가장 가까운 것으로 나타났고 유사도지수가 1이내에서는 크게 12개의 군집으로 구별되었는데 대다수가 해발고도가 유사한 조사지별로 유사한 그룹을 형성하고 있었다. 한편 걸월이못 등 5개 지점은 다른곳과는 거리가 멀게 나타나 독자적인 수서곤충군집 특성을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 우점도 등 군집지수에 대해 강, 하천, 계곡, 늪, 농경지 등 그 동안 이루어져 왔던 다른 곳의 습지와 비교하여 본 결과 우점도는 다소 낮은편이었고 종 풍부도는 아주 높은 편이었으며 균등도 지수는 높은 편이었다. 반면에 종 풍부도와 상대 밀도는 비교 자료가 없었다.
The males of cryptic mealybug, Pseudococcus cryptus, were attracted on trap baited with or without a synthetic sex pheromone. The attractiveness of sex pheromone trap was higher than yellow-color sticky trap, but both phenologies were similar. There was a positive relationship between mean density of 2nd nymph to adult cryptic mealybug and the density of the male caught on trap. The density of cryptic mealybug per tree was higher correlated with yellow-color sticky trap than sex pheromone trap. The pattern of cryptic mealybug male occurrence had two to three cohorts in a generation resulted from overwintering stage. The maximum occurring time of 1st to 2nd nymph stage could be estimated from the peak time of trap catch by effective temperature accumulation. The higher and lower threshold temperature was estimated as 10.9 and 32.6℃, respectively and its thermal constant was 360 degree-day. The cryptic mealybug parasitoid, Anagyrus sp., which was first recovered in Jeju in 2009, was well attracted on yellow-color sticky trap. There was a high correlation between the density of Anagyrus sp. and of cryptic mealybug males caught on trap.
Density of malaria vector mosquito was monitored at 24 sites in Korea to estimate malaria epidemic from 2004 to 2009. Twenty four locations include six in Gwangwon province and nine in Kyonggi province and nine in Incheon metropolitan city. Mosquitoes collected by public health centers in 24 sites were sent to each RIPHE(Research Institute of Public Health & Environment) then the RIPHE identified the malaria vector mosquitoes. KCDC analysed the results. Number of malaria vector mosquito collected in 2009 shapely decreased over 33 % when compared with number of mosquito collected from 2004 to 2009. In 2009, malaria vector mosquitoes firstly were collected at Injegun on 2nd week of April (6-13, April) and the highest peak of collected mosquito was demonstrated on 3rd week of August. Number of collected mosquito sharply decreased below 10 at 3rd week of september and None of mosquito was collected 2nd week October. Decrease of number of malaria vector mosquito collected in 2009 seem to be related with lowest temperature around midnight and precipitation days per month.
Developmental time, mummification, pupal mortality, sex ratio of a South Korean strain of Aphelinus varipes Förster parasitizing the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae were studied at 20, 25 and 30℃ in controlled climate cabinets. Plastic container with sweet pepper(Capsicum annuum L.) were used as experimental units. Green peach aphid in different larval instars and as adults, reared at the three different temperatures, were presented to A. varipes in a 'no-choice' and 'choice' situation for 6h. These presentations were done at 25℃ in each experiment to avoid an influence of temperature on parasitization rate. In case of no-choice test, more 1st(24%), 2nd(22%) and 3rd(38%) instar aphids were parasitized than 4th(14%) instar and adult(10%) among the aphids reared at 25℃. In case of choice test, more 1st(41%), 2nd(42%) and 3rd(29%) instar aphids were parasitized than 4th(13%) instar and adult(0%) among the aphids reared at 25℃. Pupal mortality of the parasitoid was not influenced by temperatures. The sex ratio of A. varipes was male-biased, and varied between 49.4% females developed from aphids reared at 30℃ and 42.8% from aphids reared at 20℃. The sex ratio was not significantly influenced by host stages. The developmental time of A. varipes parasitizing the green peach aphid ranged from 26.1days at 20℃ to 11.1days at 30℃.
파프리카 품종별 복숭아혹진딧물의 기주섭식 행동패턴과 생명표작성을 통한 생물학적 특성차이를 비교하기 위해, 현재 시판되고 있는 파프리카 4품종(그린에이스, 오로벨, 퍼플, 스마트 고추)에서 복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)의 생식개시일, 수명, 생식일, 총 산자수, 평균세대기간(Tc), 순증가율(R0), 내적자연증가율(rm)을 25±℃, 상대습도60-70%, 광주기16L:8D 조건에서 조사하여 생명표를 작성하고 EPG기술을 이용하여 섭식행동의 차이도 비교하였다. 파프리카 품종간 복숭아 혹진딧물의 수명은 17.2~17.7일, 생식일은 11.9~12.4일, 총 산자수는 42.6~45.3 마리, 내적증가율에서0.364~0.365로 품종 간에 차이는 있었으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았지만, 생식개시일, 평균세대기간(Tc), 순증가율(R0)은 오로벨에서 각각5.6일, 10.29일, 42.86마리였고 그린에이스에서는 각각6.6일, 10.46일, 45.27 마리로 품종간 차이가 확인되었다. EPG를 이용한 체관부 섭식시간 분석에서 첫 번째 탐침시간은 158~386초, 총 구침을 빼고 있는 시간은 6675~7096초, 체관부 섭식횟수는 7.67~8.33회, 총 체관부섭식시간에서 9116~10871초로 품종간 차이는 있었으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았지만, 탐침횟수, 구침활성시간, 첫 번째 체관부섭식시간은 오로벨에서 17.67회, 714초, 639초였고 그린에이스에서는 31.33회, 1460초, 1426.33초로 품종간 차이를 보이는 경향을 나타냈다.
Economic injury level was estimated for the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci on greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculantum cultivar pinktop). In the greenhouse, seedling tomato transplanted at mid-April and inoculated B. tabaci at late-April with the densities of 0, 1, 3, 9, 27, 54, 108 and 216 per plant. Only 108 and 216 inoculation densities increased until mid-July. Total weight of fruits was not showed the differences by initial whitefly density; however, the total weight of marketable fruits decreased significantly among plots by higher initial whitefly density. The rates of yield loss increased with increasing whitefly density, resulting in 8.3, 14.0, 29.7, 29.7, 25.7, 40.4, and 69.4% reduction in each of the plots, respectively. The relationship between initial whitefly densities and yield losses was well described by a linear regression, Y= 18.09X+6026.5, R2=0.8504. Based on the relationship, the number of adults per plant which can cause 5% loss of yield was estimated to be approximately 17.
Insect pest may move to near area to forage the food by adverse changes of their environments. Understanding these behaviors of searching the host will be helpful for further control. This study was performed to investigate the host preference and distribution of B. tabaci in a host plant when they needs. Once entered an area including hosts, B. tabaci will select a host rather than non-host and stayed for living. Dispersal within a niche (in a whole plant), B. tabaci was observed in lower part in tobacco and middle in tomato when seedlings, but they dispersed throughout the whole fully grown tomato plants with irregular inclined to the under, outer stretched leaves. Bemisia tabaci was also caught massively in yellow sticky traps in height of 30 cm above soil, and 30 cm above a plant. There was no attraction effect by flower model traps and fly catcher. When introduced with different densities (0, 10, 50, 100, 200, and 400) in square cages, the B. tabaci do damaged at the densities of 200 with mild and 400 with severe symptom on plants in two weeks and four weeks after inoculation.