Habitat environment and food sources of fish, benthic macroinvertebrates, and brown trout (Salmo trutta) downstream of Soyang River Dam were analyzed. Water temperature at the site where brown trout was identified ranged from approximately 12.4 to 13.4°C, confirming that this environment could provide an optimal water temperature for the growth of brown trout. Most of the riverbed structures at this site had a high proportion of cobble and pebble substrates. Brown trout constituted less than 5% of the total fish population, more abundant in the upstream. The total lengthweight relationship of brown trout showed a parameter b value of 3.234, with the condition factor (K) increasing with length. Dominant benthic macroinvertebrates were Limnodrilus gotoi and Chironomidae spp. (non-red type). Stomach content analysis indicated that brown trout primarily consumed aquatic insects (R.A., 73.8%), non-insects (R.A., 23.3%), ground insects (R.A., 2.7%), and fish (R.A., 0.2%, TL: 246 mm). Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between total length and species preferring flowing water (p<0.05) and a negative relationship of total length with species favoring low-flow, sandy habitats (p<0.05). Larger brown trout showed active feeding behavior and resilience to flow speed and riverbed structure. The primary food source for the largest brown trout (TL: 246 mm) was Hypomesus nipponensis. Future analyses should include brown trout with a total length of 30 cm or more. Given that samples were limited, comprehensive population management will require ongoing research.

This study conducted field surveys targeting benthic macroinvertebrates and fish in Andong Dam and Yeongsan River, with the specific aim of analyzing bluegill stomach contents. Bluegills in Andong Dam ranged from 40-220 mm, with 93.0% between 80-220 mm, while those in Yeongsan River ranged from 50-210 mm, with 71.4% between 120-210 mm. The highest feeding rates in both sites were for Chironomidae spp., with findings of 72.6% in Andong Dam and 80.4% in Yeongsan River. In Andong Dam, H. nipponensis and Baetidae sp. were also significant at 17.5% and 6.5%, respectively, while in Yeongsan River, Baetidae sp. (7.5%) and Hymenoptera sp. were the next most common at 3.8%. The EI index showed that bluegills generally avoided H. nipponensis and S. tsuchigae (-0.373 and -0.975) whereas they preferred Chironomidae spp. (0.759, 0.892) and Baetidae sp. (0.723). The parameter b values of the total length-weight relationship of bluegill were calculated as 3.452 in Andong Dam and 3.449 in the Yeongsan River, respectively. The slope values of the condition factor were 0.0067 in Andong Dam and 0.0065 in the Yeongsan River. Both values were positive, indicating that the nutritional status of bluegill was good. Aquatic insects constituted the primary food source, particularly in Yeongsan River. Feeding patterns did not significantly differ by habitat orientation groups, but Yeongsan River bluegills consumed more diverse food sources. In Andong Dam, larger bluegills likely consume food sources with larger biomass, while Yeongsan River’s diverse and abundant food sources support opportunistic feeding tailored to the water ecological environment.

This study aimed to obtain basic information on the indoor environmental hygiene of non-disinfected libraries used for paper records preservation in the Nara Repository of National Archives, Korea. Microorganisms were investigated in dust samples collected from bookshelves of five libraries using the swab method. Bacterial concentration ranged from 6 CFU/m2 up to 1,730 CFU/m2 . A total of 11 bacterial species belonging to five genera were identified, with Bacillus being the predominant genus. Some bacterial species forming colonies with pigmentation on TSA media were also present. No bacterial species capable of producing cellulases were found. However, one species that could have harmful effects on human health was discovered. For fungi, concentration ranged between 6 CFU/m2 to 1,660 CFU/m2, and a total of six fungal species belonging to five genera were found. Some fungal species forming pigmented colonies on PDA media were also present. Additionally, three species that could have harmful effects on human health were identified. This study’s data suggests that microbial contamination in the dust is relatively low, but the dust in the bookshelves of non-disinfected libraries at the Nara Repository requires management. This is the first report conducted on microorganisms in the dust of bookshelves at the National Archives in Korea.

2019년부터 2023년까지 제주도와 전라남도에서 재배되는 바나나(banana, Musa acuminate × balbisiana)와 커피(coffee, Coffea arabica)에 발생하여 피해를 주는 해충을 조사하였다. 바나나에서 발생한 해충은 총 7종이 조사되었다. 차응애(Tetranychus kanzawai)는 대부분의 바나나 과 원에서 발견되었고, 매년 잎에서 고밀도로 발생하여 피해를 주었다. 귤가루깍지벌레(Planococcus citri), 담배거세미나방(Spodoptera litura), 차애모 무늬잎말이나방(Adoxophyes honmai) 순으로 돌발적으로 발생하여 주로 잎을 가해하였다. 과실을 가해하는 해충은 없었으나, 2022년도 제주도에 서 바나나 과실 표면에 흰색 실무늬나 녹슨 색으로 변색되는 피해를 유발하는 고사리그물총채벌레(Helionothrips femoralis)가 처음 발견되었고, 2023년에 전라남도 완도와 해남에 소재한 바나나 농가에서도 이 해충이 발생하는 것이 확인되었다. 커피에 발생한 해충은 총 5종이 조사되었다. 이중 탱자소리진딧물(Toxoptera aurantii), 귤가루깍지벌레, 차애모무늬잎말이나방순으로 매년 다량 발생하여 피해를 주었다. 전라남도 소재 농가 에서는 달팽이종류인 두줄민달팽이(Limax marginatus)가 일부 잎과 과실에 피해를 주기도 하였고, 미국선녀벌레(Metcalfa pruinosa)가 일부 나무 에서 발생하기도 하였다.

본 연구는 헬스케어 식물 생산단지의 친환경 설계 및 운영을 위해 우선적으로 고려해야 할 주요영역과 세부요소를 도출하고자 하였다. 헬스케어 식물 생산단지는 환경 친화적 식물 생산시설과 이용자의 정 신 및 신체적 건강 도모 시설을 포함한 복합 엔터테인먼트형이자 지속 가능한 식물 상업시설로 정의된 다. 이를 위해 AHP기법을 활용하여 전문가들을 대상으로 다섯 가지 주요영역(토지, 물, 서식지, 탄소/에 너지/대기환경, 재료/폐기물)과 세부요소에 대한 중요도를 평가하였다. 또한 농장 운영자를 대상으로 친환경 시설의 중요성을 조사하여 시설형과 농장형 유형에 적합한 우선순위를 도출하였다. 연구결과 물 관리가 가장 중요한 요소로 평가되었으며, 토지 관리와 탄소/에너지/대기환경 관리도 높은 중요성을 보였다. 반면 서식지 관리와 재료/폐기물 관리는 상대적으로 낮은 평가를 받았다. 또한 시설형, 농장형, 혼합형으로 유형화된 식물 생산단지 유형별 분석에서는 중요도 평가결과가 다르게 나타났으며, 전문 가와 운영자 간의 평가 차이를 통해 이론과 실무자적 관점의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과는 헬스케어 식물 생산단지의 맞춤형 친환경 설계 전략수립에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) aims to maintain and promote the safety and health of workers. Additionally, violations of the act can result in imprisonment or fines, depending on the severity of the offense. This study examines whether the severity of OSHA violations is proportional to the size of the fines imposed. There are 120 items subject to fines, with penalties ranging from a minimum of 50,000 won to a maximum of 30 million won. To assess the severity of these items, pairwise comparisons were conducted, and the results were expressed numerically. In summary, no significant correlation was found between the severity of violations and the amount of the fines. Therefore, this study proposes calculating fines based on the severity of violations. In many small companies, resources (e.g., budget and manpower) are limited. Thus, greater attentions tend to be directed toward addressing items with higher fines. Consequently, aligning the severity of legal violations with the size of the fines may contribute to improving the industrial safety.

이 논문은 송대 문인들이 식욕과 미각의 즐거움을 추구했던 면모를 게[蟹]를 중심 으로 고찰한 것이다. 먼저, 송대에 미식을 즐기는 문화가 형성될 수 있었던 배경으로 다양한 식재료와 맛에 대한 문인들의 개방적이고 포용적인 태도를 살펴보았다. 唐代 와 달리 송대 문인들은 낯선 음식을 적극적으로 시도하고 수용했으며 이러한 면모는 그들을 미식가로 만들었다. 문인의 음식 취향은 일반적으로 소박함과 절제를 우선했 지만, 유독 게에 대해서는 탐식의 면모를 보인다. 그러나 탐식은 詩文을 창작하고 관 련 지식을 정리하거나 교류에서 중요한 매개가 되는 등 ‘문인다운’ 방식으로 표출되 었다. 뿐만 아니라 게는 고향과 벗에 대한 그리움을 상징하면서 점차 문인의 雅趣로 자리 잡게 되었다.

As the demand for electric vehicles increases, the stability of batteries has become one of the most significant issues. The battery housing, which protects the battery from external stimuli such as vibration, shock, and heat, is the crucial element in resolving safety problems. Conventional metal battery housings are being converted into polymer composites due to their lightweight and improved corrosion resistance to moisture. The transition to polymer composites requires high mechanical strength, electrical insulation, and thermal stability. In this paper, we proposes a high-strength nanocomposite made by infiltrating epoxy into a 3D aligned h-BN structure. The developed 3D aligned h-BN/epoxy composite not only exhibits a high compressive strength (108 MPa) but also demonstrates excellent electrical insulation and thermal stability, with a stable electrical resistivity at 200 °C and a low thermal expansion coefficient (11.46×ppm/°C), respectively.

최근 전세계적으로 기능성 성분이 강화된 유전자교정 작 물의 생산 및 소비가 증가하고 있다. 하지만 유전자교정 작물의 유전독성에 관한 소비자의 우려도 증가하고 있어 과학적인 자료 확보 및 정보 공유에 대한 인프라가 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 CRISPR/Cas9 시스템을 활용한 유 전자교정 토마토 동결건조물(LTT)이 DNA나 염색체에 직접 적인 손상을 일으키고 형태적 또는 기능적 이상을 유발하 는지 여부를 확인하기 위해 유전독성 평가를 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 미생물 복귀돌연변이시험, 염색체이상시험, 골수세포를 이용한 체내 소핵시험을 국제적으로 표준화된 OECD Guidelines에 따라 시험을 진행하였다. 복귀돌연변이 시험에서 LTT는 S9의 존재 여부와 관계없이 Salmonella typhimurium 균주 TA98, TA100, TA1535 및 TA1537, 그리 고 Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA에서 복귀돌연변이를 유발하 지 않았다. LTT는 CHL 세포의 수적이상 중기상과 구조적 이상 중기상 등의 염색체 이상을 유발하지 않았다. 또한, LTT는 다염성 적혈구에서 소핵화된 다염성 적혈구의 빈도 를 증가시키지 않았다. 이러한 연구를 통해 CRISPR/Cas9 시스템을 활용한 유전자교정 토마토의 안전성을 검증하고, 향후 CRISPR/Cas9 시스템을 활용한 유전자교정 작물의 유 전독성을 평가하는 기초 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

This study attempted to solve the problem that the current safety education contents of Korean fishing vessels are not consistent with the STCW-F Convention and do not properly reflect the actual operating environment of the fishing vessels. Despite the reinforced duty of safety education for fishing vessels after the Ferry Sewol accident, the problem has been pointed out that the effectiveness is still low due to merchant-oriented education contents and uniform education methods. Therefore, this study compared and analyzed laws related to safety education for fishing vessels and the STCW-F Convention, and derived improvement measures by collecting voices from the field through a survey of fishing vessels. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the current fishing vessel safety education does not take into account the reality of fishing such as fishing vessel type, navigation distance, and ship output, and that the core curriculum required by STCW-F Convention is omitted. In addition, it was found that education content on major accident types that frequently occur along the coast was also insufficient. In order to improve this, this study proposes to re-establish the target of safety education for fishing vessels based on STCW-F Convention related to fishing vessels, and to prepare a segmented education system by reorganizing the training contents to suit reality. In addition, the need to clearly distinguish the education of merchant and fishing vessels through the revision of the Seafarers Act and the Ship Employees Act was suggested, and to establish a safety education system for fishing vessels that meets STCW-F Convention and domestic conditions.

This study was conducted to simulate the lifetime of the membrane by analyzing the performance of the membrane degraded by chlorine. Chlorine exposure under several conditions caused the degradation of the membrane, resulting in the absence of any salts and an extreme increase in permeability. When the n value was calculated and compared through CnT analysis and CTn analysis, the p values were all less than 0.005, but CTn analysis, which had a higher R2 value, was adopted to simulate the membrane lifetime. Power coefficients take on values higher than 1, indicating that the exposure time to chlorine has a greater influence on membrane deterioration than the chlorine exposure concentration at 20℃ and 30℃. In particular, the process should be operated at less than 0.5 ppm at 30°C, and the chlorine exposure time of 1 cycle should be set to within 15 hours. In addition, the sensitivity to chlorine increased by 10.5 to 12.2 times when the chlorine exposure temperature increased by 10°C through the correlation between the chlorine exposure cycle and membrane lifetime. The membrane lifetime investigated in this study is only an estimated value, entirely because of chlorine membrane deterioration, excluding raw water characteristics and the type of detergent. Accordingly, it is considered that the membrane lifetime simulation can be applied by comparing the membrane performance with the actual process based on the filtration performance of membrane deterioration by chlorine.

This study was conducted to present primary data for the development of functional beverages by measuring quality characteristics and antioxidant properties and preparing coffee with dried fruit powder. The pH, water content, and brownness were higher in the control group than in the fruit-added sample group. Total polyphenols were highest in the Prunus Fruit Coffee (PFC) at 2765.43±87.03 mg GAE/L. In terms of DPPH, the fruit addition group (consisting of dried apple, dried cherry, and dried plum) was higher than the control group, and the LFC was the highest at 70.04±2.01%. ABTS showed high antioxidant properties in all sample groups, and LFC showed the highest content at 83.01±1.06%. Caffeine was the highest in the control group, all sample groups showed lower content than the control group, and AFC showed the lowest content at 664.70±16.36. As a result, the fruit-added coffee groups are higher than the control groups in terms of quality characteristics and antioxidant properties, and it is considered that the fruit groups are suitable as functional food materials when developing coffee products.

To analyse and review the fishing performance and species composition according to the size of the entrance and mesh of the pot in the southern coastal waters (Tongyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do and Yeosu, Jeollanam-do), the experiment in this study caught one class, eight orders, 17 families, 23 species, 662 fishes, and 99,833 g. The largest number of fish species was Conger myriaster (301 fishes caught) accounting for 45.5%, followed by Octopus vulgaris (152) accounting for 23.0%, Charybdis japonica (45) accounting for 6.8%, Sebastiscus marmoratus (43) accounting for 6.5%, and Parapercis sexfasciata (42) accounting for 6.3%. Conger myriaster, Octopus vulgaris, Charybdis japonica, Sebastiscus marmoratus, and Parapercis sexfasciata accounted for 88.1% of the total catch. For other fish species, 68 fishes of 18 species were caught, accounting for 12.5% of the total. As a result of the total catch survey, the catch rate of Conger myriaster was the highest at 50.9% in B. 22 mm/280 mm. In addition, the average total length per fish increased as the entrance size increased. The weight ratios of Conger myriaster, Octopus vulgaris, and other fish species based on the total weight caught in each pots of the six species of test fishing gear are as follows. A pots 66.6%, 26.5%, 6.9%, B pots 57.2%, 24.5 %, 18.3%, C pots 43.2%, 31.5%, 25.3%, D pots 7.4%, 56.7%, 35.9%, E pots 43.6%, 0%, 56.4%, and F pots 5.0%, 79.6%, 15.4%.

This study conducted a marine experiment to improve the fishing system using miniaturized nets for anchovy boat seine to reduce the fleet size. As a result, the miniaturized net for anchovy boat seine properly opened the entrance of the bag net using the buoyancy of the flotation for position indication and the setting force of the ground rope without operating a separate fish detecting boat by attaching a large flotation at the entrances of the inside wing net and the bag net. This also enabled an operation type where the entrance of the bag net is confirmed using a flotation for position indication from a netting boat. The time and the number of people used for net casting and net hauling in the marine experiment were average of five minutes and 25-30 minutes, respectively, and 23-30 people for the existent net, while for the miniaturized large-scale net were average of three minutes and 23-25 minutes, respectively, and 19-25 people. This indicates that the operation time was shortened, the number of fish detecting boats was reduced by one boat, and the number of people for fishing work was decreased by four or five people due to the improvement of fishing operation system according to the reduction of fishing net size. As a result of measuring the shaft horsepower during net towing, the maximum net towing horsepower was 250 HP in comparison to the maximum RPM of the engine (1,200 RPM), indicating that the legal horsepower of 250 HP is enough to conduct net towing and the competitiveness of fishing using the net for anchovy boat seine is ensured through operation cost reduction.

In this paper, the adsorption removal characteristic for 10 species of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was investigated using GAC and modified GAC (GAC-Cu). After modification with Cu(II), the amount of copper was to 1.93 and 4.73 mg/g for GAC and GAC-Cu, respectively. The total amount of 10 species of PFAS per specific area was obtained to 0.548 and 0.612 ng/m2 for GAC and GAC-Cu, respectively. A series of batch test confirmed lower efficiency was observed with a smaller number of carbon chain length and the removal efficiency of PFCA (perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids) was lower than that of PFSA (perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids) with the same carbon chain length. Regarding the pH effect, the adsorption capacity was decreased with increase of pH due to the increase of electrostatic repulsion. According to pseudo first and second order (PFO and PSO) kinetic models, while the values of equilibrium uptake and time did not show significant difference, a difference in uptake was observed between 24-48h. Furthermore, based on correlation analysis, Log Kow and uptake have a high correlation with molecular weight (M.W.) and initial concentration, respectively. These results show that long-chain PFAS have higher removal efficiency due to their increased hydrophobicity.

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) oil is mostly refined oil (RO). However, with increasing interest in health, the consumption of cold-pressed oil (CPO) without chemical refining is increasing in Korea. In this study, quality characteristics of CPO from rapeseed varieties ‘Jungmo7001’, ‘Jungmo7002’, ‘Jungmo7003’,and ‘Yuryeo’were evaluated and compared with RO, a commercial product. L-value and a-value were lower while b-value was significantly higher for CPO than those for RO. Analysis of fatty acid compositions of each oil revealed that CPO from ‘Yuryeo’contained the highest oleic acid at 74%. Analyses of contents of bioactive compounds in CPOs and RO revealed that contents of tocopherol, β-carotene, and canolol were the highest in CPOs from ‘Jungmo7003’, ‘Jungmo7002’, and ‘Jungmo7001’at 55.5, 0.3, and 0.2 mg/100 g, respectively. In addition, CPOs contained higher contents of bioactive compounds than RO, suggesting that CPO could provide health benefits. The induction period of CPOs measured using Rancimat were 9∼52% longer than that for RO, indicating that CPOs had a higher oxidative stability under given conditions. These results could be used to obtain basic data on quality of domestic rapeseed varieties.

본 논문은 우리 사회 민주주의 발전을 위한 풀뿌리 참여 정치 사례로 과천의 시민활동가들이 과천시민선거인단을 조직하고 참여한 과정과 경 험을 탐구한다. 연구자는 질적사례연구를 통해 시민선거인단의 참여경험 과 지역 정치의 맥락을 분석했다. 과천의 시민운동은 90년대 초 지방자 치제 부활기에 시작되었으며, 2000년대 들어 민주적 참여와 공동체 지향 의 시민 그룹을 형성했다. 이들은 지역사회 공론장의 적극적 행위자로 활약하며 지역의 행정과 정치에 분노하고 직접 제도정치의 주체가 되고 자 했다. 이후 운동과 제도정치의 경계를 넘나드는 급진적 참여를 통해 시민선거인단을 결성했다. 시민선거인단은 1차 시기에 2명의 시의원을 배출했으나 2, 3차 시기에는 실패한다. 도시 환경 변화와 공동체 담론의 약화, 시민사회 실천 영향력 상실 등이 그 이유로 분석된다. 일정한 한계 도 드러냈지만, 과천시민선거인단의 경험은 풀뿌리민주주의를 향한 지역 시민들의 참여 열망을 보여주는 사례로, 지역 정치에서 풀뿌리 공론장 활성화의 중요성, 사회권 확보가 정치권 확보에 미치는 영향, 민주시민교 육법, 정당법, 선거법 등 제도적 변화 필요성을 시사한다.

본 연구의 목적은 주간 보호센터 노인을 대상으로 집단미술치료가 스트레스, 무력감 및 자아존중 감에 미치는 영향을 알아보려는 것이다. 노인 인구 증가와 수명 연장으로 노년기의 행복한 삶이 중요 해지고 있으며, 자존감을 높여 노년기 행복한 삶을 누리기 위한 치료적 개입이 필요하다. 연구는 P시 소재 J주간 보호센터 이용 노인 30명을 대상으로, 실험집단과 통제집단을 각각 15명씩 무선 할당하였 다. 실험은 2023년 6월부터 9월까지 주 1회, 60분씩 총 15회기 진행하였다, 효과성 검증 도구로는 스 트레스, 무력감, 그리고 자아존중감 척도를 사용하였다. 연구결과는 SPSS WIN 26.0으로 t-test와 Mann-Whitney의 U, Wilcoxon 부호순위 검정을 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 실험집 단 사전-사후 스트레스 척도에서 유의한 감소로 긍정적 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 실험집단 사전-사후 무 력감 척도에서 유의한 감소로 긍정적 효과가 있었다. 셋째, 실험집단 사전-사후 자아존중감 척도에서 유의한 향상으로 긍정적 효과가 있었다. 따라서 연구는 집단미술치료가 주간 보호센터 노인의 스트레스 및 무력감을 감소시키고 자아존중감 향상에 긍정적 영향을 주었다. 이는 집단미술치료가 노년기 삶의 질과 행복감 증진에 효과가 있음을 검증하였다. 본 연구를 통해 집단미술치료가 노년기 자존감 과 행복감 향상에 의의가 있다.