This study was carried out to investigate the current status of pesticide residues in 3,735 agricultural products in the northern area of Seoul from January to December in 2008. 3,735 samples, comprising 119 types of agricultrural products were assessed via a multiresidue method to detect 260 pesticides. Pesticide residues were detected in 19.7%(737 of 3,735 samples), and the rate at which the detected residues violated the maximum residue levels(MRLs) of the Korean Food Code was 3.2%(121 of 3,735 samples). Pesticide residues were detected in 72 spinaches, 64 peppers, 45 sweet peppers, 40 perilla leaves, 38 korean cabbages and 37 dried agricultural products. The samples that violated the MRLs included 14 perilla leaves, 13 spinaches, 12 leek, 6 lettuces(leaf), 6 chards and 6 gyeojchaes. Procymidone, endosulfan, chlorfenapyr, cypermethrin, bifenthrin, tebuconazole and fenvalerate were all frequently observed. Procymidone, endosulfan, dimethomorph and diniconazole were the pesticides most frequently detected at levels that violated the Korean Food Code MRLs.

Peeled whole onions (PWO) were cleaned at various hypochlorous acid (HA) concentration and steeping time and packed in LDPE bag keeping at 10℃ for 12 days and 35℃ for 3 days, in order eventually to examine microbiology, surface color and sensory quality. At the early stage of storage, it was found that total bacterial counts at H-II keeping at 10℃ after 1 minute steeping were 2.60 ± 0.18 log CFU/g, and those after 3 minutes steeping were 2.10 ± 0.18 log CFU/g which showed less than the control. The total bacterial counts at H-III were detected after 4 days. The total bacterial counts of PWO treated HA increased as steeping time became longer, HA concentration increased, and storage temperature went down. E. coli was not detected at all treatments. It was also found that during the treatment the L-value showed decreasing trend, but the parameter a- and b- value showed increasing trend. But these trends were mitigated as HA concentration increased. The result of sensory quality evaluation for the appearance showed that the sample stored with 10℃ gained higher evaluation than that with 10℃, while the control and H-III gained highest points significantly (p < 0.05) for the sample keeping at 10℃ after 12 days storage. The sensory odor of onion showed similar to that for the appearance, and the 8-day treatments of H-II and H-III showed no significantly difference (p < 0.05). On the basis of the results above, it is likely to be more effective to prolong the period of circulation of PWO if you use HA over 50 ppm for washing PWO and storage at 10℃. This study will contribute to improve safety and quality in circulation of PWO.

본 연구는 산불 피해지에서의 임분구조 및 입지환경 인자를 분석함으로서 이에 따른 산화 피해정도를 모형화하고 산화피해지의 피해목 처리에 따른 구성종의 종 다양도 및 그 식생회복 형태를 구명하고자 하였다. 입지 환경인자에 의한 산화피해율간의 관계를 정준상관 분석 및 로지스틱 회귀분석한 결과, 해발고 200m, 100m, 사면경사가 30도 이상인 입지의 임분밀도가 높은 소나무 단순단층림이 산화 발생 피해율이 높은 것으로 추정되었다. 산화지 피해목 처리방법에 따른 식생회복 과정을 분석한 결과 피해목 존치보다는 피해목을 제거하는 것이 식생회복에 효과적이라 사료되었다. 따라서 산불피해지에 대한 식생회복을 위한 적절한 시업적 조치는 입지, 자생 수종 등을 복합적으로 고려하여야 할 것으로 사료되었다.

Characteristics of habitat alteration and post-embryonic development of Paratlanticus ussuriensis were investigated in the mountain region of Bitanri, Yeongdong county, Chungcheongbuk-do from 2007 to 2009. Overwintered eggs under the ground in the hillside were hatched from late March to early April. The soil temperature during this season was 7~14℃. Young nymphs lived mainly at the hillside by eating oak tree leaves but the 3rd or 4th instars switched their habitat to orchards near the hillside in early May, which is the time for sprouting of peach leaves. Old nymphs developed into the adult stage at the orchards in late May and moved back to the hillside in late June. Duration of post-embryonic development from the first instar nymph to adult was 49.2 days after 7 moltings at 25℃. Female adults collected from the field had long ovipositor (26.2 ㎜) and were slightly longer in the body length, hind femur, tegmen and pronotum than those of males.

사회복지 전문직은 휴먼서비스를 제공하는 분야로 고도의 윤리적 통찰과 결단이 요구되는 윤리 지향적 전문직이라고 할 수 있다. 하지만 윤리에 대한 사회복지학계의 이론적이고 실천적인 관심은 아직도 부족하다. 그간 수행된 사회복지 윤리관련 연구들은 하버마스의 보편윤리사상을 사회복지실천현장에서 활용할 수 있는가에 대한 탐색적 논의, 사회복지 실천 가치와 윤리가 지향하고 있는 내용, 자기결정과 관련된 문제 등 주로 이론적 논의에 머무르고 있다. 사회복지 실천현장에서 윤리적 문제는 여러 가지가 있을 수 있겠으나 그 중 가장 빈번하면서도 사회복지사들에게 부담으로 작용하고 있는 것은 바로 윤리적 의사결정이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서 본 연구는 사회복지사들이 실천현장에서 실제로 겪고 있는 윤리적 의사결정 딜레마의 내용과 결정 과정 그리고 해결유형을 살펴보고자 질적사례연구방법으로 연구문제에 접근했다. 연구에 필요한 자료는 경기도 ○○노인주거복지시설에 근무하고 있는 10명의 현직 사회복지사들로부터 심층면접을 통해 수집했으며 수집된 자료의 분석은 Stake(1995)가 제안한 4단계에 따라 수행되었다. 연구결과 연구 참여자들이 윤리적 의사결정의 딜레마에 직면하여 이를 해결하는 유형을 가치론적 결정형, 절충형, 회피형으로 분류했다. 사회복지사들이 실천현장에서 직면하는 윤리적 의사결정 딜레마의 양상과 원인 그리고 결정과정은 매우 복잡하고 다양한 것으로 나타났다. 그럼에도 불구하고 본 연구에서 찾을 수 있는 함의는 연구 참여자들은 윤리적 의사결정 모델과 같은 이론적 기준에 의해 의사결정을 하는 것이 아니라 기관의 정책, 전문가의 조언, 기관 관계자들의 견해는 물론 자신의 가치관, 클라이언트의 구체적 상황 등 모든 맥락을 최대한 고려하여 의사결정을 하는 경향이 강하다는 점이다. 따라서 사회복지사들이 윤리적 의사결정을 좀 더 유연하게 극복해 나갈 수 있도록 윤리적 민감성을 높이는 방안이 강구되어야 할 것이다. 위를 위해서 슈퍼비전 과정에서 윤리적 민감성에 대한 과정을 포함하고 이를 지도할 수 있는 윤리슈퍼비전전문가의 양성 방안도 고려할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 담당 사회복지사들이 감당하기 벅찬 윤리적 문제도 적지 않게 발생되는데 이에 대한 대응으로 기관의 관계자, 성직자, 학계와 같은 외부 전문가들로 구성한 사회복지실천현장윤리위원회의 실효성 있는 운영도 검토해볼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

The global economic recession caused a great change of the labor environment such as restructurings and unstable employment. This facts brought about an increase in sense of rivalry, over workload, job uncertainty and lowering of self-confidence. Due to the fact that the work process and employing system in construction field is little differ from normal industries, especially, labors working in construction field are much exposed to the job stress. On this study, we survey construction-field labors and made an analysis of the gathered data through the statistic method to reveal what kind of job-stress factors influence on the defects of construction works. As the result, we investigated the truth of the induction factors which cause the job-stress in costruction field and proposed an alternative plan for an effective job-stress management which make the defect rate low.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the multilateral weight control program provided by the university health care center for female college students. The program was 8weeks long and composed of nutrition consultation, exercise, and behavior modification. Nutrition education focused on a low calorie and balanced diet, increasing the intake of protein and micronutrients and reducing carbohydrate and fat consumption. Evaluations were made upon completion of an 8-week program and upon follow-up at 6 months after the end of program. A total of 92 women completed the 8-week program, while 20 completed the follow-up survey. Upon completion of the 8-week program, significant decreases in body weight, BMI, body fat (kg), and %body fat were observed, and muscle mass was also reduced. The total energy and carbohydrates intake were also significantly decreased in subjects with weight loss, while the percentage of subjects whose consumption of protein, calcium, iron, vitamin B1, B6, and niacin did not meet the EAR, were decreased. The blood values of glucose, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were decreased. The follow-up survey revealed that the subjects continued to lose weight after completion of the program. In addition, a Mini nutrition assessment revealed that diet quality improved, especially with respect to reductions in the consumption frequency of fried, greasy and salty food. In conclusion, the multilateral weight control program with diet education for female college students was effective for long lasting weight control and improved dietary behavior. Nutrition education for weight reduction should focus on balanced nutrition as well as lowering the total caloric intake.

When globalizing Korean food, it is important to conduct regional consumer research before entering the market so that an effective market strategy can be developed. This study was conducted to compare the perceptions regarding Thai, Chinese, Japanese and Korean food between Swedish and Yugoslavian university students in Växjo, Sweden, where regional market research is lacking. As immigration increases worldwide, comparison of consumer perceptions of immigrants and domestic individuals will provide meaningful insight for use in the development of marketing strategies for areas where immigrant populations are increasing rapidly. In this study, six attributes of Asian food, fresh vegetables, low fat, chicken and sea food, exotic ingredient, value for money and unknown food, were compared. The perception of fresh vegetables and low fat of Chinese food differed significantly among the two groups. Because both of these attributes are health related, these findings indicate that recipe modification may be necessary to adapt to the preferred taste of target customers in this prospective market.

본 연구는 변산반도국립공원 소나무군집의 식생구조 특성을 분석하여 소나무군집의 관리방안 수립하고 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 변산반도국립공원 전체 현존식생 조사결과 소나무군집과 소나무-참나무류군집이 40.3%의 넓은 면적으로 분포하였다. 소나무군집 내에 설정한 21개 조사지(단위면적: 400m2)의 TWINSPAN 분석결과 8개 유형으로 구분되었으며 수령 분석결과 소나무와 낙엽활엽수와의 수령이 40~50년생으로 유사하였다. 8개 유형은 굴참나무와 경쟁하는 소나무군집, 아교목층에 쇠물푸레나무와 졸참나무가 출현하는 소나무군집, 아교목층에 졸참나무, 관목층에 청미래덩굴이 출현하는 소나무군집, 아교목층에서 소나무와 쇠물푸레가 출현하는 소나무 군집, 졸참나무, 개서어나무와 경쟁하는 소나무군집, 굴참나무, 졸참나무와 경쟁하는 소나무군집, 산벚나무가 출현하는 소나무군집, 전나무가 출현하는 소나무군집이었다. 굴참나무, 졸참나무 등 참나무류, 개서어나무와 경쟁하는 소나무림은 향후 이들 낙엽활엽수림으로의 천이가 예측되었다. 샤논의 종다양도지수는 0.2756~1.3879이었으며 상관관계 분석결과 소나무는 굴참나무, 개서어나무 등과 유의적인 부의 상관관계가, 쇠물푸레나무, 철쭉꽃 등과는 유의적인 정의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 변산반도국립공원 소나무림 식생구조 분석 결과 일부 참나무류, 낙엽활엽수로 천이가 예측되는 지역이 전체면적의 30.4%로 분포하여 관리방안으로 소나무림 경관보전을 위한 보존지역 설정과 참나무류, 개서어나무 등 경쟁수종의 관리를 제안하였다.

The study on Buddhism architecture in early Joseon dynasty was inactive. The period of King Sejo is important for studying the trend of Buddhism architecture in early Joseon, that was transmitted from the end of Goryeo dynasty, but it was difficult to know its exact situation due to lack of related records. The records were all written by Kim Su-ohn, which are Wongaksabi' 'Sangwonsajungchanggi' 'Bongseonsagi 'Geonginsajungchanggi'. The main hall was mainly second floor and there were necessarily annexed buildings at the right and left of the main hall. So the plane figure of □□□ was shown. It was a main stream for monk's living hall and meditation hall to be located at the right and left of yard in front of main hall. This layout may be referred to search for the origin of the layout in courtyard based structure(中庭形) in the late Joseon dynasty. Most of temples had 3 gates. Some part of horizontal corridor was used as 2 gates and the outer gate, far from main hall, was without corridor. The gate leading to front yard of main hall was called front gate, the next was middle gate and the outer gate was Oisamun(外沙門 )or Samun(沙門). In most of the temples, people could enter into the front yard through pavilion which had the function of bell tower. The pavilions were located between front gate and first corridor. It is thought that this layout of the place for making bean curd outside the temple area will contribute to different studies on temples making bean curd in the future. The records about temple's foundation studied above are a little different between temples, but have more similarities. These common denominators represent the architecture tendency of Buddhist temples in the related period. It is thought that such a tendency was also shown on architecture of other temples during the reign of King Sejo as well as Buddhist temples.