느타리버섯(Pleurotus ostreatus)의 품종 육성을 위해서는 많은 노력과 시간을 필요로 하고 있어, 최근에는 분자육종방법으로 마커를 이용하여 빠르고 정확하게 교잡주를 선발하고 있다. 본 실험에서는 육종효율을 증진하기 위해 교잡효율이 높은 Di-Mon 교배방법으로 부친의 핵과 모친의 미토콘드리아를 가진 세포질전환 교잡주를 선발하였다. 느타리버섯 수한3호와 흑변이체의 교잡종인 ‘다굴’의 이핵균주에 춘추2호의 단핵균주와 교잡하여 120여개의 교잡주를 얻고 여기에 1차로 미토콘드리아 microsatellite DNA 마커 (MtPO1)를 이용하여 단핵균주 춘추2호의 미토콘드리아 밴드를 형성하는 교잡주 80개를 1차 선발하였다. 선발된 80균주중에서 URP 프라이머를 이용하여 ‘다굴’의 2핵균주 핵 DNA 패턴을 가진 26교잡주를 선발하였다. 이 중에서 수량성이 우수한 3개 교잡주의 자실체 특성을 조사한 결과 초발이일수가 2일이나 빠르면서 수량성이 좋은 품종을 선발하여 ‘천화심’이라 명명하였다. 천화심은 수량이 높으면서 여름에도 재배가 가능해 춘추2호의 약점을 보완함으로써 춘추대체품종으로도 재배가 가능하리라 본다.

소장의 종양은 매우 드물게 발생하며 그중 선암의 빈도가 가장 많고, 그 외에 악성흑색종, 유암종, 림프종, 육종 등이 주로 확인되었다. 원발부위가 자궁경부인 소장의 편평세포 암 전이는 소장종양 중에서도 매우 드물며 자궁경부암의 소장 단독전이는 현재까지 한국에서 1예가 보고되었다. 본 저자들은 매우 드문 증례인 자궁경부암의 십이지장 전이와 이에 대한 고찰을 보고하는 바이다.

간세포암종 환자에서 황달은 불량한 예후를 시사하는 소견이다. 간세포암종에 의한 황달 중 담도폐쇄에 의한 황달은 그 차지하는 비중은 낮으나 적절한 담도배액술을 통해서 황달을 호전시킬 수가 있고 이를 통해 환자의 삶의 질을 향상 시키고 예후를 개선시킬 수 있다는 점에서 임상적으로 중요 한 의의를 가진다. 간세포암종에 의해 담도폐쇄가 발생한 환 자의 적절한 치료를 위해서는 우선 담도폐쇄의 기전을 파악 하고 폐쇄 부위를 확인하는 것이 필요하며 그 결과에 따라서 담도배액의 방법을 선택하게 된다. 담도배액술은 내시경적 역행성 담췌관조영술을 이용한 내시경적 배액술을 우선적 으로 고려하고, 수술 등으로 인한 해부학적 구조의 변형으로 인하여 내시경적 접근이 불가능하거나 내시경적 배액술이 실패한 경우 등에서는 경피경간 담도배액술을 이용한 외배 액술 혹은 드물게 내시경 초음파 유도하 담도배액술을 시행 한다. 담도배액관은 플라스틱 스텐트와 자가 팽창형 금속 스텐트 중 적절한 것을 선택하여 사용하게 되는데, 둘 중 어느 것이 더 좋은지에 대해서는 연구가 부족한 상태이며 병변의특성과 환자의 여명을 고려하여 스텐트를 선택하는 것이 좋겠다.

Odontogenic cyst and odontogenic tumor shares developmental source. However, they have different histopathologic features, and they are classified respectively. Odontogenic cyst and tumor can share same physical region. It is called a hybrid lesion, a lesion showing the combined histopathological characteristics of two or more previously recognized odontogenic tumor and/or cysts of different categories. In this study, a hybrid lesion was researched. 61-year old man was referred to our department with a multilocular radiolucency in right mandibular angle. Incisional biopsy was carried out, and the patient was diagnosed with ameloblastoma. Odontogenic keratocyst was found with the tumor, and it was thought to be evolved via neoplastic transformation from lining epithelium of the keratocyst. After reviewing studies reporting hybrid lesions from odontogenic cyst and tumor, formation of a hybrid lesion was most frequent from a dentigerous cyst and an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. A hybrid lesion commonly lead to misdiagnosis, and the prognosis is not always transparent. The close relationship between the odontogenic cyst and tumor has to be kept in mind in the diagnosis and treatment of the lesions in maxillofacial area.

Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT), also known as calcifying odontogenic cyst or Gorin cyst is a rare developmental lesion which arises from odontogenic epithelium. It has been classified as a benign odontogenic neoplasm related to odontogenic apparatus by the World Health Organization. CCOT may be associated with other odontogenic tumors, most frequently odontoma, a finding that is a rare event in other types of odontogenic cysts or tumors. This report describes a case of hybrid odontogenic tumor composed of CCOT and ameloblastic fibroma-odontoma of the impacted right maxillary canine region that occurred in a 14-year-old female.

This study was performed to improve the efficiency of guided bone regeneration by adapting the tissue-engineered bone regeneration approach. The PHBV-collagen nonofibrous membranes cultured with rat calvarial periosteum derived cells in osteogenic culture medium for 7 days were applied to 5 x 2mm size artificial rat tibial defects for 3weeks and evaluated its efficiency as an alternative cell engineered membrane for effective guided bone regeneration by routine histological observation. The defects covered with cell attached PHBV-collagen nanofibrous membrane complexes showed favorable bone repair compared to both membrane non-covered control and membrane only covered group without specific side effects. These findings suggest that the favorable guided bone generation can be achieved by adapting the tissue engineered bone regeneration approach using PHBV-Collagen nanofibrous membrane scaffold.

The PHBV nonofibrous membrane fabricated by electron-spinning method for tissue engineered bone regeneration scaffold was evaulated in terms of cellular prolieration and cryopreservation efficiency. The rat calvarial periosteum derived primary cells were cultured with PHBV nanofibrous membranes and analyzed the cellular proliferation and differention fashion and cryopreservation potential by in vitro MTT assay as well as ALP staining and Alizarine red staining with or without cryopreservation for 2 weeks. The rat calvarial periosteum derived primary cells cultured with PHBV nonofibrous membrane showed favorable proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity with numerous mineral nodule formation regardless of cryopreservation, even though its efficiency was slightly decreased in cryopreserved condition. These findings suggest that PHBV nanofibrous membrane can be applicable as an efficient cell engineered membrane for guided bone regeneration or scaffold for tissue engineered bone regeneration.

In vitro 실험을 통한 가시오가피 물 추출물 첨가가 마우스 의 면역세포 증식에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구 결과, 음의 대 조군에 비해 가시오가피 물 추출물을 첨가한 모든 농도에서 비장세포 증식능이 증가하였으며, 특히 고농도인 500~1,000 μg/ mL 농도에서 유의적으로 증가하였다. 반면, 복강 대식세 포로부터 유도된 사이토카인 생성의 경우, IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF- α 사이토카인 생성량을 측정한 결과, TNF-α 사이토카인은 가시오가피 물 추출물 50 μg/mL 농도와 250~1,000 μg/mL 농 도에서 대조군보다 유의적으로 높은 분비량을 보인 반면, IFN-γ에서는 변화를 보이지 않았다. IL-2의 경우, 100~500 μg/ mL에서 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 보여주었다. 이상의 결 과에 의하면 가시오가피 물 추출물은 마우스 비장 세포를 증 식시키고, 사이토카인 분비량에도 영향을 줄 것으로 보이며, 면역 기관의 주요 기능을 증진시킬 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 가시오가피 물 추출물이 면역 증진 기능성식 품 개발의 소재로 활용될 가능성이 있을 것으로 기대된다

The aim of this study was to examine the ameliorating effect of black ginseng on the growth of the HepG2 cell transplanted tumor in BALB/c nude mice. 27 male BALB/c nude mice (all six weeks old) were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, the first treatment group (HepG2300RG, using 300 mg/kg red ginseng), and the second treatment group (HepG2300BG, using 300 mg/kg black ginseng). The HepG2300BG in the HePG2 cells showed increased mean survival time than that of red ginseng group. The size and volume of the tumor in the 300BG group showed significant reduction compared to those of the HepG2300RG group (p<0.05). The body weight and liver weight of the HepG2300RG group was not significantly different with control and HepG2300BG group. The serum levels of ALT and AST in the HepG2300RG and HepG2300BG group were significantly lower than those of the control group. In conclusion, these results suggest that the black ginseng may have possible anti-tumor activities.

This study was conducted to investigate the bioconversion of ginsenosides as well as anti-inflammatory activities of fresh ginseng Kkakdugi during fermentation. Fresh ginseng Kkakdugi reached proper ripeness, pH 4.30, and acidity 1.69% at 15oC after 10 days. Lactic acid bacteria grew until reaching 1.10×109 CFU/mL after 20 days of fermentation, and β- glucosidase activity increased from 1.154 to 1.885 units/g. The bioconversion of ginsenosides was confirmed based on increased content of Rg3, an aglycone, from 0.13 to 0.17 mg/g during fermentation through HPLC. Fresh ginseng Kkakdugi did not display cytotoxicity up to the concentrations of 80 μg/mL, regardless of ripening period. Nitrite production and expression of inflammation-related proteins, iNOS and COX-2, decreased in a dose-dependent manner regardless of ripening period. From these results, fresh ginseng Kkakdugi showed the bioconversion of ginsenosides to aglycone during the lactic acid fermentation as well as an anti-inflammatory effect through the reduction of NO production and iNOS and COX-2 expression

위축돈은 정상돈에 비해 생시체중이 낮고 생후 성장과 발달도 미숙하다. 근육의 성장에 있어 muscle satellite cells(SC)의 역할에 대해 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 근육 내에서 줄기세포를 하는 side population(SP) 세포군이 최근 밝혀졌는데, 이 세포군은 Hoechst dye를 이용한 fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS)에 의해 이용하여 분리되는데, 다양한 조직(특히 근육)으로 분화되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 위축돈과 정상돈 근육 내 SC와 SP 세포군의 숫자 및 성상을 비교분석하기 위해 semitendinosus(ST) 근육을 적출하여 SC와 SP를 분리·배양 하였다. 위축돈의 ST는 정상돈에 비해 무게가 가볍고 근섬유의 숫자와 크기도 작았다(p<0.05). 하지만 정상돈과 위축돈의 ST 근육 내 단백질과 DNA 총량은 차이가 없었다. 총 RNA 양과 DNA 농도는 정상돈의 ST 근육에서 위축돈에 비해 높게(p<0.05) 나타났다. ST 근육에서 추출된 총 세포수(yield/g)에는 정상돈과 위축돈 간 차이가 없었다. 세포의 증식률을 0, 24, 48 시간동안 두 그룹 간 차이가 없었다. 세포 배양 72시간 후 정상돈 ST 근육에서 추출된 세포의 증식률이 위축돈의 그것에 비해 높게(p<0.05) 나타났다. 정상돈 ST 근육에서 위축돈 ST 근육에 비해 SP 세포가 더 많이(p<0.05) 추출되었다. 종합해 보면, 위축돈의 근육 크기와 근섬유의 숫자가 정상돈에 비해 작고, 근육내 줄기세포의 역할을 하는 SC와 SP 세포군 또한 낮게 나타난 것은 위축자돈이 임신 기간 동안 충분한 영양을 받지 못하여 근육 내 줄기세포의 증식이 낮아졌으며, 이는 근육 내 줄기세포가 자돈의 성장과 발달에 큰 영향을 미치는 결과로 해석할 수 있다.

Visfatin is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, which is thought to play a central role in systemic inflammation and the pathogenesis of obesity related diseases. Only a few studies investigated the effect of visfatin on human cancers. Furthermore, there have been no studies on the association between the expression of visfatin in OSCC tissue and its effect on OSCC patients. Hence, the present study analyzed the expression of visfatin in OSCC from Korean patients. Immunohistochemistry for visfatin was performed using 12 normal oral mucosas (NOM), 16 oral leukoplakias (with/without dysplasia), and 58 OSCC patients samples. Immunoreactivity was semi-quantitatively scored and the correlation between the expression of visfatin and clinicopathological parameters of OSCC patients was analyzed. The immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the expression level of visfatin increased in OSCC alone (p<0.05). Moreover, the immunoexpression score of visfatin was significantly correlated with TNM stage of OSCC patients. Our findings suggested that visfatin can play a certain role in the pathogenesis of OSCC. In addition, visfatin was associated with the tumor progression of OSCC patients and may act as independent biomarker of OSCC.

Terfenadine (TFN) was a second generation histamine receptor antagonist. Although several studies have reported the regulatory effect of H1-histamine receptor antagonists in human cancer cell lines, its effect in oral cancer remains unclear. In this study, we focused on addressing the anti-cancer activity of TFN in human oral cancer cell lines. The anti-cancer activities of TFN were performed by tryphan blue exclusion assay, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, live/dead assay and Western blot analysis. TFN induced a significant reduction of the growth in three different human oral cancer cell lines (MC3, HSC4 and Ca9.22). TFN markedly induced apoptosis through DNA damage and increase in cytotoxicity. It also accumulated cleaved PARP and caspase 3. This process was due to cleavage of caspase 8 and Bid protein. The results from this study strongly demonstrated that the cleavages of caspase 8 and Bid are required for the apoptotic activity of TFN in human oral cancer cells. Taken together, these findings suggest TFN as a potent anticancer drug candidate for the treatment of oral cancer.

We present a case of cellular angiofibroma arising from right neck in a 46-year-old woman. Surgical excision was performed and the patient was disease free till now. Cellular angiofibroma usually arised in the inguinoscrotal of vulvovaginal regions. Only 3 cases of cellular angiofibroma involving maxillofacial region have been reported in the english written literature. Cellular angiofibromas are rare benign tumor characterized by bland spindle shaped cells arranged in a stroma with wispy collagen and numerous vessels. Immunohistochemical stains of the tumor cells showed the positivity for CD34, PR, EMA, but negativity for neurofilament, desmin and actin. The tumor should be differentiated from aggressive angiomyxoma and angiomyofibroblastoma, angiofibroma because of its clinical and histological similarity. We report a rare case of benign cellular angiofibroma involving right neck and study other published articles.

Peripheral ameloblastoma, a rare and unusual variant of odontogenic tumor, representing 1% of all ameloblastomas. The extraosseous location is the peculiar feature of this type of tumor, which is otherwise similar to the classical ameloblastoma. This paper describes a case of peripheral ameloblastoma in a 43-year-old female affecting the left retromolar pad area of the mandible which was clinically diagnosed as a pyogenic granuloma. Histologically, the tumor showed of follicular ameloblastoma in continuity with a surface oral epithelium.

As the designated name, adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specific (ANOS) revealed lack of histomorphologic characteristics that could classify the tumors under specific name. ANOS had nothing in common with other salivary gland malignancies, but glandular differentiation. The purpose of this study is to find out the solid characteristics of ANOS on the base of cytological and architectural features. 20 ANOS cases were studied. We identified 20 patients with salivary adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, ranging in age from 26 to 76 years (median, 53.85 years), with slight female predilection (female 11: male 9). The minor salivary gland was the most common site of tumor origin, especially on the palatal area (11 out of 20). The size of tumor was from 1.0 to 7.0(median 3.07). For the histopathological analysis, we classified the tumors by cytological and architecture patterns. Basaloid and epitheloid cytological patterns were showed with solid, microcystic/pseudocystic architecture. We found invasive growth patterns in 7 out of 20 cases. Reviewing and classifying the common features of ANOS could be helpful to make a diagnosis of malignant salivary gland tumors.

Many researchers have been reported recent trends for rising incidence particularly related to cancer of the tongue in young people. The purpose of this study is to exam the changes of OSCC(oral squamous cell carcinoma) incidence distribution. After Institutional Review Board approval, 1,345cases of OSCC were reviewed from 1993 to 2012 at the department of Oral Pathology at the University of Seoul National Dental Hospital with respect to gender, age, locations. As the results, the most prevalence ages were between 45-69 years old(mean:59.68). There is a noticeable incidence on the eighth decade of life. There are no changes of incidence distribution on se (male:female=69:31) at each year. The most common incidence area was tongue at 1993 but the mandible was the most popular site after 2001. Comparing the incidence rates of the predilection sites over and under 44 years old patients, among patients under 44 years old showed the tongue is the common site steadily. On the other hand, there is a significant increase on the mandible in the over 44 years old patients. In conclusion, this study showed similar results on overall sex distribution and median ages. The trends of locations over 20 years have been increased on the old adult’s mandible. Also, tongue is the common site for the young adults constantly. There are needs for further studies to elucidate the behind etiology. In addition, the true impact of young age on OSCC clinical behavior will remain difficult to determine unless intranational and multi-institutional databases will be combined.

본 연구는 식용 버섯의 조리방법에 따른 항산화 생리활성의 평가를 위해 수행되었으며, 산화적 스트레스에 의한 DNA 손상 감소 효과를 통해 조리방법을 달리한 버섯 추출물의 유전독성학적 방호효과를 살펴보았다. Human lymphocyte에 조리방법을 달리한 3가지 버섯(느타리, 팽이, 표고)의 추출물을 처리하고, hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)로 산화적 손상을 준 후, DNA 감소 효과를 Comet assay로 평가한 결과, 모든 시료군에서 산화적 손상에 의한 DNA 손상 감소 효과를 나타냈다. 3가지 버섯 모두 비조리군이 조리군보다 높은 효과를 나타냈는데, 이는 조리과정에 의한 페놀성 화합물의 감소로 인한 것으로 보이며, 조리군 중에서 볶기와 전이 비교적 낮은 DNA 손상 감소 효과를 나타낸 것은 조리 시 첨가되었던 대두유의 가열 산화에 의한 것으로 사료된다. 결론적으로, 조리된 버섯은 생버섯에 비해 산화적 스트레스에 의한 DNA 손상 감소효과가 낮으나, 양성 대조군과 비교하였을 때 손상을 유의적으로 감소시킨 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 본 연구에서 사용한 네 가지 조리법(굽기, 데치기, 볶기, 전) 중 DNA 손상 감소에 효과적인 조리법은 대두유를 사용하지 않은 굽기와 데치기인 것으로 판단된다.

Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids, are natural water-soluble pigments, which are mainly found in vegetables and fruits. Anthocyanins have attractive pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of anthocyanins-rich fraction (ANF) from Korean purple sweet potato variety, "Shinjami", against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. In our results, pre-treatment of HepG2 cells with ANF (10μg/mL) significantly prevented cell death and maintained cell integrity, following exposure to 0.9 mM hydrogen peroxide. The H2O2-dependent production of intracellular ROS was also significantly decreased by pre-treatment with ANF (6 h, 10μg/mL). In addition, ANF increased the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes, catalase and glutathione level in H2O2-treated HepG2 cells. These results indicated that ANF protected HepG2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress by inducing protective system.

본 연구는 한국의 전통발효식초가 지닌 새로운 생물학적 기능을 규명하기 위해 국내 및 국외에서 제조된 전통발효식초로부터 다당류를 분리하여 면역자극활성을 검토하였다. 국내산 현미식초 조다당(KBV-0), 일본산 현미식초 조다당(JBV-0) 및 국내산 감식초 조다당(KPV-0)을 분리하여 구성당 분석한 결과, KBV-0와 JBV-0는 주로 mannan으로 구성되어 있으며, KPV-0는 펙틴 유래 물질로 인한 조성으로 사료되었다. 3종의 다당 시료는 RAW 264.7 세포에 독성을 나타내지 않은 반면, RAW 264.7 세포를 자극하여 IL-6, IL-12 및 TNF-α와 같은 사이토카인의 생성을 농도 의존적인 경향으로 증진시켰으나, 특히 KPV-0의 활성이 KBV-0와 JBV-0보다 더 우수하였다. 또한 KPV-0는 대식세포의 포식작용과 관련있는 FcR II의 발현량을 유일하게 증가시켰다. 이상의 결과로부터 국내산 전통발효 감식초인 KPV-0는 다른 발효식초에 비해 더 우수한 면역활성을 지니는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 기능성 소재로의 산업적 응용이 가능할 것으로 사료되었다.