This study was conducted to evaluate the overall dietary habits and nutritional status of 294 elementary school students located in Gwangju using the NUTRILITE nutrition quotient (NQ). The NQ score of the subjects was 59.5 out of 100, which corresponds to the level requiring “monitoring”. Compared to the 64.4 score of students in the 5th and 6th grades of six metropolitan cities, the scores of the present subjects were lower. The NQ components were 57.4 for balance factors, 52.4 for moderation factors, 55.0 for diversification factors, 57.6 for practice factors, and 80.1 for environmental factors. Regarding the characteristics according to the NQ level, the score (61.5 in 7 times/wk vs. 55.3 in 1-2 or none times/wk) tended to be higher in subjects who frequently eat with their families (p<0.001). In conclusion, nutrition education should be provided to students to increase the frequency of meals with their families, to develop a habit of exercising regularly, and reduce the consumption of ramen, cookies, and processed drinks that are frequently consumed. These results can be used as basic data to develop nutrition education programs to improve the dietary habits and nutritional status of students in Gwangju.

This study analyzed the health characteristics and comorbidity of adult men aged 40 years by dividing them into a control group of those without any disease related to fine dust and a patient group with one or more diseases related to fine dust in areas with high levels of fine dust pollution using the sixth and seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2017). Among the general characteristics, the mean age of the patient group was significantly older than that of the control group (p<0.001), and in terms of the health-related characteristics, the frequency of breakfast consumption in the patient group was higher than in the control group (p<0.043). The body measurements were similar in the patient and control groups. Regarding the prevalence of comorbidity, the patient group showed a higher prevalence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and diabetes than the control group, but the differences were not statistically significant. On the other hand, the prevalence of other cancers (except stomach cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer) in the patient group was higher than in the control group (p<0.05). In terms of the clinical characteristics, the glycated hemoglobin levels in the patient group were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.048). Information on nutrition and health in areas with frequent occurrences of fine dust was obtained through the study results, which can be used as basic data for measures of health and diet management against diseases that will increase in relation to fine dust.

In this study, we performed algorithms to predict algae of Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). Water quality and quantity data of the middle Nakdong River area were used. At first, the correlation analysis between Chl-a and water quality and quantity data was studied. We extracted ten factors of high importance for water quality and quantity data about the two weirs. Algorithms predicted how ten factors affected Chl-a occurrence. We performed algorithms about decision tree, random forest, elastic net, gradient boosting with Python. The root mean square error (RMSE) value was used to evaluate excellent algorithms. The gradient boosting showed 10.55 of RMSE value for the Gangjeonggoryeong (GG) site and 11.43 of RMSE value for the Dalsung (DS) site. The gradient boosting algorithm showed excellent results for GG and DS sites. Prediction value for the four algorithms was also evaluated through the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Area under curve (AUC). As a result of the evaluation, the AUC value was 0.877 at GG site and the AUC value was 0.951 at DS site. So the algorithm‘s ability to interpret seemed to be excellent.

2017년부터 2019년까지 경남지역 여주(Momordica charantia L.)에서 13종의 해충을 조사하였다. 그 중 목화진딧물(Aphis gossypii Grover), 꽃노랑총채벌레(Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)), 대만총채벌레(Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom)), 목화바둑명나방(Diaphania indica (Sauder)), 담배거세미나방(Spodoptera litura (Fabricius))이 주요 해충이었으며, 중국청람색잎벌레(Chrysochus chinensis Baly), 파밤나방(Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)), 오이총채벌레(Thrips palmi Karny), 갈색날개매미충(Ricania sp.), 톱다리개미허리노린재(Riptortus clavatus Thunberg), 썩덩나무노린 재(Halyomorpha halys (Stål)), 담배장님노린재(Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reut.)), 풀색노린재(Nezara antennata Scott) 등이 일시적으로 발생하는 해충으로 조사되었다. 목화진딧물은 주로 여주의 신초에서 5월 상순부터 발생하기 시작하여 6월 하순까지 발생하며, 5월 하순에 발생최성기를 보였다. 꽃노랑총채벌레와 대만총채벌레는 주로 여주의 꽃에 발생하며 6월 중순에서 하순에 발생최성기를 보였다. 목화바둑명나방은 6월 하순, 담배거세미나방은 8월 하순에서 9월 상순에 발생최성기를 보였다. 여주에 발생하는 주요 해충과 발생소장을 구명하여 예찰 및 방제의 기초자료로 활용하고자 한다.

제주도 곶자왈 시험림을 대상으로 식생분포 실태를 파악하기 위해 식생구조를 비교하였다. 제주도 내 5개 곶자왈의 식생 조사자료를 이용하여 중요치, 종다양도 및 지역 간 유사도 지수를 분석하였다. 그 결과 교래 곶자왈을 제외한 4개 곶자왈에서 종가시나무 등 상록활엽수의 중요치가 높게 나타났고, 교래 곶자왈은 주로 낙엽활엽수 혼효림으로 조사되었다. 식생 층위별 종 다양도 지수는 교목층에서 교래 곶자왈이 1.052로 가장 높았고, 선흘 0.739, 저지 0.629, 청수 0.353, 무릉 0.316 순으로 분석되었다. 아교목층은 저지(0.927)와 교래 곶자왈(0.914)이 가장 높았고, 관목층에 서는 선흘 곶자왈이 0.932로 종다양도가 가장 높았다. 지역 간 유사도 지수는 무릉, 저지, 청수 곶자왈이 0.5 이상으로 나타나 유사성이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 이는 종가시나무 등 상록활엽수의 우점도가 높은 특성으로 인해 식생의 구조적인 유사성이 높은 점과 지리적으로도 인접한 부분도 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구대상지 5개 곶자왈 지역은 식생 층위 구조의 균형을 도모하고 종다양도 증진을 위해 주기적인 모니터링과 전략적 관리가 고려되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

The aim of this study is develop a state-funded education and training curriculum to contribute to the development of the fashion industry infrastructure. This will be achieved based on the service sector by the competitive clothing sales personnel and fashion startups. The study was conducted using a qualitative research method. The participants were 20 representatives of fashion-related companies and employees from one traditional market and two fashion outlets in Seogu, Gwangju. Data was collected from September 2015 to January 2017 by demand surveys and in-depth interviews. These were conducted on the same day at each clothing store office. In addition, existing literature was also reviewed. The collected data were first summarized into 64 meaning units from which three themes were derived by arranging, classifying, and analyzing the data. The findings of the study are as follows. First, the education and training curriculum for fashion job creation is aimed at job-oriented field-types with the objective of cultivating professional skills for online to offline fashion professionals. Second, the curriculum for fashion advisors was developed to consisted of 8 courses of 150 hours, including job knowledge, a foreign language, fashionspecific knowledge, fashion marketing & VMD, store management know-how, clothing repair, field trip, and internship. Third, the curriculum for fashion entrepreneurs consisted of 8 courses of 106 hours, including entrepreneurship, fashion practice, startup, field trip, finance & taxation accounting, marketing, social enterprise course, and internship.

The purpose of this study identify the types and characteristics of Hanbok worn in lunar new year parade and Korean parade in New York over the past three years. As for the research method, I first collected domestic news articles, overseas Korean news articles, and literature reviews about the history of the Korean parade in New York and the events of each year. Second, I conducted a case study on Hanbok worn in the six parades from 2017 to 2019 using photo data collected through direct surveys, ‘YouTube’ video footage and news article photos. Third, I interviewed people related to the New York parade about the route of buying and renting the Hanbok in the New York area. The types of Hanbok shown in the Korean parade in New York can be largely classified as ceremonial, performance, and daily costume. There were 65 ceremonial costumes in all, with men wearing Dallyeong (official’s robe) and Gorlyongpo (dragon robe) and women wearing Dangui (woman’s semi-formal jacket), Wonsam (woman’s ceremonial robe), and Hwarot (princess’s ceremonial robe). A number of performance costumes were also worn by the Chwitasu bands, Nongak ensembles and fan dancers. Finally, of the 210 daily Hanbok, most men wore Baji (pants) and Jeogori (jacket), and women wore Chima (skirts) and Jeogori. The parade attempts to showcase the beauty of Hanbok, but the costumes repeat year after year, which can feel monotonous to onlookers. This research can be used as a reference to effectively utilize Hanbok in future Korean cultural events.

이 논문에서는 유럽 지역을 동유럽과 서유럽으로 나누어 각국의 헌법에서 해양관할권을 어떻게 규율하는가를 분석․비교한다. 먼저, 해양관할권의 전제가 되는 영토에 관한 헌법상 규율을 분석한 결과, 영토의 범위․경계를 헌법에서 직접적․적극적으로 규율하는 경우는 조사대상 42개국 중에서 동유럽 7개국과 서유럽 10개국 등 모두 17개국(42%)이다. 둘째, 헌법에서 해양관할권 개념을 하나라도 언급하는 국가는 동유럽 8개국 (내륙국인 몰도바 포함)과 서유럽 4개국 등 12개국에 불과하며, 개념별로는 영 해 8개국, 배타적 경제수역 8개국, 대륙붕 7개국이다. 이들 셋을 모두 언급한 국가는 3개국, 두 가지를 언급한 국가는 5개국이고, 한 가지(영해)만 언급한 국 가는 4개국이다. 조사대상 연안국 29개국 중에서 18개국(62%)은 해양관할권 개념의 언급이 없다. 셋째, 헌법상 해양관할권 개념의 용법과 관련해서는, 7개국은 국가의 주권․관 할권의 범위를 규율하면서, 6개국은 연방․중앙과 주․지방 사이 또는 국가기관 상호간의 권한배분을 규율하면서, 그리고 6개국은 해양공간과 해양자원의 소유권 귀속을 규율하면서 헌법에서 해양관할권 개념을 사용한다. 넷째, 해양관할권의 범위에 관해서는, 4개국은 법률에 위임하거나 입법관할 사항으로, 2개국은 조약 등 국제법에 따르도록 규정하고 있다. 해양관할권 개념 을 언급하지 않는 국가까지 포함하면, 조사대상 연안국 29개국 중에서 25개국 (86%)은 해양관할권의 범위나 경계에 관해서 헌법에서 침묵하고 있다. 끝으로, 해양관할권의 범위를 규율하는 법률에서는, 연안국 30개국 중에서 28개국은 영해(12해리), 11개국은 접속수역(24해리), 13개국은 배타적 경제수역 (200해리), 그리고 4개국은 대륙붕(200해리 또는 대륙변계 바깥 끝까지)에 대해서 명시하고 있다. 해양관할권의 일부에 대해서 그 범위를 법률에 명시하지 않 는 국가가 많을 뿐 아니라, 그 전부에 대해서 명시하지 않는 국가가 2개국이다.

This study was conducted with 375 workers in Changwon to examine the effects of working patterns on dietary habits and health. A self-administered questionnaire was conducted July 22 October 30, 2019. According to the results of the dietary habits and health related factors analysis, non-shift administrative workers showed significantly higher rates of green tea intake (p<0.05), and shift production workers showed significantly higher smoking rates (p<0.001) and waist circumferences (p<0.01). According to the results of the Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis, work hours showed negative correlations with job satisfaction (r=0.22, p<0.01) and positive correlations with perceived stress level (r=0.14, p<0.01). Temporary workers showed negative correlations with feel job satisfaction(r=0.14, p<0.01), perceived stress level (r=0.12, p<0.05), and concern about health (r=0.13, p<0.05). Diabetes showed positive correlations with hypertension (r=0.20, p<0.01), low HDL cholesterolemia (r=0.22, p<0.01), abdominal obesity (r=0.13, p<0.05), and hypertriglyceridemia(r=0.22, p<0.01). Based on these results, this researcher proposes that continuous attention and support of industries and communities are necessary for nutritional education and counseling relative to improving workers’ dietary lives as well as disease prevention and control.

This study was conducted to investigate dietary adaptations and use of university foodservice in Korea according to the religion of international students. The survey was conducted from April to June in 2017 and included 609 subjects studying at a university in Busan. Muslims showed the highest percentage of eating three meals per day (42.4%) but the highest rate of eating unbalanced meals (64.7%) and midnight meals (41.8%). The most frequent problematic eating habit among Buddhists was irregular mealtimes (46.0%). Adaptation frequency to Korean diet was lowest among Muslims and highest among Christians. Securing halal foods was difficult for Muslims in Korea, and demand for halal foods as a school restaurant menu was high. The response rate for experiencing Korean food at university foodservice was highest among Christians (79.7%) and lowest among Muslims (45.3%). The main reason for not using university foodservice for Muslims was “no menu to eat” for religious reasons, and other religious groups cited “lack of menu variety.” Preferred types and recipes of meats, fish, and vegetables also showed significant differences according to religion. As a result, efforts should be made to increase adaptation to life abroad in Korea, including changes in university foodservice management, considering the religious characteristics of international students.

식물사회네트워크란 식물사회를 이해하기 위한 기존의 식물사회학적 방법과 사회과학에서 최근에 주목받고 있는 사회연결 망 분석 방법을 접목하여 식물사회연결망을 시각화하고 분석하는 것을 말한다. 구축 및 분석 과정은 조사구 설정 및 출현 수종 조사, 종간결합분석, 소시오그램 작성, 네트워크 구조 및 중심성 분석 순으로 진행된다. 식물사회네트워크를 구축하기 위해 본 연구는 해안식생과 내륙식생을 동시에 볼 수 있는 부산광역시를 중심으로 다양한 상관우점식생이 포함되도록 708개 조사구를 설치하여 출현 수종을 조사하였다. 조사 결과, 출현한 수종은 모두 195종이었으며, 상록수 42종, 낙엽수 151종, 반상록수 2종으로 나탔으며, 전체 출현수종을 중심으로 종간결합분석을 실시하였다. 종간결합 분석 결과, 친화종수는 사스레피 나무(47종), 마삭줄(46종), 감태나무(44종), 팥배나무(44종), 광나무(41종) 순으로 나타났으며, 이를 바탕으로 gephi 0.9.2. program을 활용하여 소시오그램을 작성하였다. 작성된 소시오그램은 해안에서 주로 출현하는 그룹과 그렇지 않은 그룹으로 나뉘어져 있어 부산광역시 산림식생의 지리적 분포특성을 반영하고 있었다. 네트워크 구조를 분석한 결과, 1,709개의 연결선 (link)이 나타났고, 한 수종과 종간결합을 갖는 종수의 평균은 약 17.5개였다. 밀도는 0.09, 지름은 5, 평균 경로거리는 2.268로 분석되었는데, 사회과학분야의 네트워크 특성과 정밀한 비교 분석을 위해 앞으로 다양한 식물사회네트워크 구축이 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. 부산광역시 식물사회네트워크에서는 사스레피나무, 감태나무, 광나무, 마삭줄 등이 중심성 이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

This study investigated the volatile flavor composition of essential oils from Solidago virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai with different harvesting area. The essential oils obtained by the hydrodistillation extraction method from the aerial parts of the plants were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ninety-five (91.61%) volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oils from the S. virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai harvested in Koheung, Jeolanamdo. The major compounds were hexadecanoic acid (29.22%), 7-hexyl eicosane (9.12%), spathulenol (7.701%), 3,8-dimethyl decane (6.48%), caryophyllene oxide (4.52%) and α-copaene (4.23%). Fifty-seven (97.43%) volatile flavor compounds were identified in the essential oils from the S. virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai harvested in Seoguipo, Jejudo. The major compounds were 2-carene (40.95%), α-copaene (10.77%), α-muurolene (5.81%), and spathulenol (3.11%). The chemical composition of the essential oils was significantly different in quality and quantity with the different harvesting area. The quantitative variations of hexadecanoic acid, 7-hexyl eicosane, spathulenol, 3,8-dimethyl decane, caryophyllene oxide, 2-carene, and α-copaene according to different harvesting area can serve as a quality index of the S. virga-aurea var. asiatica Nakai essential oils in food industries.

A heavy (93 mm hr−1) rainfall event accompanied by lightning occurred over Gangneung in the Yeongdong region of South Korea on August 6, 2018. This study investigated the underlying mechanism for the heavy rainfall event by using COMS satellite cloud products, surface- and upper-level weather charts, ECMWF reanalysis data, and radiosonde data. The COMS satellite cloud products showed rainfall exceeding 10 mm hr−1, with the lowest cloud-top temperature of approximately −65oC and high cloud optical thickness of approximately 20-25. The radiosonde data showed the existence of strong vertical wind shear between the upper and lower cloud layers. Furthermore, a strong inversion in the equivalent potential temperature was observed at a pressure altitude of 700 hPa. In addition, there was a highly developed cloud layer at a height of 13 km, corresponding with the vertical analysis of the ECMWF data. This demonstrated the increased atmospheric instability induced by the vertical differences in equivalent potential temperature in the Yeongdong region. Consequently, cold, dry air was trapped within relatively warm, humid air in the upper atmosphere over the East Sea and adjacent Yeongdong region. This caused unstable atmospheric conditions that led to rapidly developing convective clouds and heavy rainfall over Gangneung.

본 연구는 2018년 10월에서 2019년 9월까지 부산지역 유통 판매되고 있는 872건의 다양한 식품을 대상으로 B. cereus 오염도를 분석하였다. 총 872건 중 78건(8.9%)에서 B. cereus 검출되었으며 식품별 B. cereus 검출률은 김치· 절임·조림·젓갈류에서 23.9%, 조미식품 19.4%, 바로 섭취 가능한 농산물 10.5%, 조리식품 7.3%, 즉석섭취식품 5.6%, 신선편의식품 5.0%, 즉석조리식품 0.0% 순으로 분포하였으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. B. cereus 오염 수준은 불검출에서 최대 20,000 CFU/g로 평균 48 CFU/g였으며, 식품별 B.cereus 오염도에는 차이가 없었다. 78건의 검체에서 분리된 113주의 B. cereus의 독소 유전자 확인 시험을 수행하였다. 식품에서 분리된 113주를 대상으로 B. cereus 독소유전자 확인 결과 최소 1종류에서 최대 5종류 의 독소 유전자가 검출되었으며 총 18개 profile로 분류되 었다. 장독소 5종(Cytk-nheA-entFM-bceT-hblC)을 모두 보유한 경우가 34주(30.1%)로 가장 많았다.