본 연구는 자생 양치식물 9종의 성엽과 근경을 재료로 α-glucosidase 억제활성을 분석하여 천연 α-glucosidase 저해제로서 개발 가능한 식물 소재를 선발하기 위하여 수행하였다. 수확된 성엽과 근경은 수세 후 동결건조 하였으며, 건조시료를 분쇄하여 100% 메탄올 용매로 30분 동안 초음파 추출을 하였고, 추출 후 감압여과 하여 α-glucosidase 억제활성을 측정하였다. 양성 대조구로는 acarbose를 사용하였다. 추출물 50μL에 0.7 unit α-glucosidase 효소액 100μL를 넣고 혼합하여 37℃에서 10분간 반응시킨 후, 1.5 mM σ-NPG 기질용액을 50μL 넣고 37℃에서 20분간 반응시켰다. 1 M Na2CO3 1 mL로 반응을 정지시키고 405 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하였다. 회귀분석을 이용하여 0.7 unit α-glucosidase 용액의 활성을 50%를 억제하는데 필요한 시료의 농도(IC50 값)를 구하였다. 양치식물 9종의 α-glucosidase 억제활성은 성엽(IC50=14.00~913.33μg·mL-1)과 근경 추출물(IC50=12.93~205.84μg·mL-1)에서 공히 acarbose(IC50=1413.70μg·mL-1)에 비해 높았다. 양치식물의 추출물은 acarbose에 비해 성엽은 1.55~100.98배, 근경은 6.87~109.33배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 성엽에서는 석위의 억제활성이, 근경에서는 꿩고비의 α-glucosidase 억제활성이 가장 높았다. α-Glucosidase 활성의 50%를 억제하기 위한 성엽과 근경의 필요 생체량은 공히 꿩고비(각 0.35, 0.27 mg)에서 가장 적은 것으로 나타났다. 성엽의 경우는 석위의 IC50 값이 가장 높았으나 가용성 고형분의 함량이 꿩고비에 비해 2.4배 낮아, 오히려 꿩고비의 경제성이 더 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과 꿩고비는 적은 생체량으로도 높은 α-glucosidase 억제활성을 나타내기 때문에 경제적인 천연 α-glucosidase 저해제 소재로써 개발 가치가 매우 높은 것을 알 수 있었다.

This study was performed to select adequate plant materials for developing a natural α-glucosidase inhibitor by analyzing α-glucosidase inhibition activity in fronds and rhizomes of three Dryopteridaceae species: Cyrtomium fortunei, Polystichum polyblepharum, and P. lepidocaulon. The highest α-glucosidase inhibitor obtained from frond of P. lepidocaulon (4.16μg·mL-1), and rhizome of C. fortunei (1.84μg·mL-1), showed much higher inhibition activity than acarbose (1413.70μg·mL-1). The biomass required to inhibit α-glucosidase by 50% was 0.04 ~ 0.35mg for frond and 0.03 ~ 0.10mg for rhizome, and P. lepidocaulon required the least amount of fronds and P. lepidocaulon the least rhizomes. In frond, α-glucosidase inhibition activity was the highest in water fraction of C. fortunei (20.2μg·mL-1), and n-butanol fraction of P. lepidocaulon (9.33μg·mL-1) and P. polyblepharum (5.10μg·mL-1). In rhizome, it was the highest in n-butanol fractions of C. fortunei (19.76μg·mL-1) and P. polyblepharum (4.47μg·mL-1), and ethylacetate fraction of P. lepidocaulon (5.46μg·mL-1). The frond biomass required for 50% α-glucosidase inhibition was the lowest in the water fraction of C. fortunei (1.43mg), and n-butanol fractions of P. lepidocaulon (1.10mg) and P. polyblepharum (0.66mg). The required biomass of rhizome was the lowest in the water fraction of C. fortunei (1.59mg), and n-hexane fractions of P. lepidocaulon (0.04mg) and P. polyblepharum (0.15mg). The result of this study suggested that the three Dryopteridaceae species had high α-glucosidase inhibition activity with small biomass, which might have high value as materials for economical anti-diabetic medication.

This study is intended to examine the perception of importance-satisfaction in selective properties of rural theme park with the users and to suggest operation method and implications for rural theme parks which are being built on a nation-wide basis. The study results are as follows: First, the results from the analysis on importance-satisfaction in the selective properties showed that both attractiveness of natural landscape and excellence of surrounding environment are high. Second, the t-test with matched samples for importance-satisfaction showed that there were significant statistical differences in all items, and the users rated satisfaction lower than the importance. Third, IPA results showed that the items such as diversity of festival event, accessibility and convenience of public transportation, appropriateness of expense and kindness in service appeared in the 2nd quadrant 'direction of concentrated efforts'Therefore, this study was able to identify the perception of importance-satisfaction among the users of rural theme parks. The study findings suggest that it is necessary to preserve surrounding natural environment, ensure appropriate pricing, introduce events and increase service level in constructing and operating rural theme parks.

In this study, the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of mulberry salad dressing prepared with yam juice during storage at 5℃ for four weeks were evaluated. The salad dressing was prepared with a salad base, mulberry, omija, and yam (4:4:6:1 or 4:4:6:3). Fresh yam juice was added to the salad dressing at 0, 7, and 18% levels. After four weeks storage, the pH increased whereas the acidity decreased. As the yam concentration increased, the pH increased to 3.84 and the acidity decreased to 0.14%. The Hunter color L (lightness), b (yellowness), and a (redness) values decreased over the storage period. After four weeks storage, the viscosity increased from 83.2 to 158.5 cp according to the amount of yam juice that was added. The antioxidant activity, such as the DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the total polyphenol content of the salad dressing improved as the yam concentration increased. Moreover, according to the storage time, the peroxide value did not increase. These results show that the mulberry salad dressing to which omija and fresh yam juice were added maintained its freshness with high antioxidative activity during storage.

Korea has adopted a federal renewable electricity standard that begins at 2% in 2012 and requires companies to source 10% of their electricity from renewables by 2022. Therefore the interest in the use of biomass as a renewable energy resource is growing. By importing biomass, the Korea, which produces too little biomass of its own, can meet the needs of the renewable energy sectors. In the case of import biomass, it will cost a great deal on the transportation and logistics of biomass materials. Therefore new research and development on the biomass fuel with high energy density is needed to reduce logistics cost on transportation of the biomass fuel. Torrefaction is a thermochemical treatment process of biomass at temperatures ranging between 200 and 300oC. Typically, 70% of the mass is retained as a char product, containing 90% of the initial energy content. Torrefaction experiments on samples of EFB were performed in a fixed bed reactor to determine the effect of operation variables such as reaction temperature (205-310oC), reaction time (20-40 min) and air ratio (0-0.18) on char yield and characteristics. Increase of the torrefaction temperature led to a decrease of the yield of the char. The heating value of char increased with the increase of the reaction temperature, because the carbon content increased and hydrogen and oxygen content decreased. The yield of char decreased with increasing air ratio. This suggested that oxidation of EFB occurred during torrefaction in the presence of oxygen.

This study was carried out to select the appropriate medium (especially, carbon and nitrogen source, potassium phosphate and pH) for somatic embryogenesis in order to develop the rapid mass production system in suspension culture of Oplopanax elatus Nakai. Direct somatic embryos were obtained from root explants in the hormone free suspension culture (MS). Combination of NH4NO3 and KNO3 at the ratio of 1650 (mg/l) : 1900 (mg/l) obtained the better result to produce somatic embryo in suspension culture. MS medium supplemented with 170mg/l KH2PO4. The addition of 1 and 3% sucrose was effective for formation of embryogenic callus. Therefore, this report will be helped to improve the establishment for suspension culture in Oplopanax elatus Nakai.

Waste dusts generated from various metallurgical processes were investigated for effective management of the designated waste in South Korea. Source of the study were selected based on the industries registered on the Allbarosystem. Raw material, products and manufacturing process were investigated on-site and leaching behavior of six heavy metals (Cr6+, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, As) along with CN was studied in 41 waste dust samples. We identified 14 samples exceeded the Korean regulation standard out of which 5 samples were designated waste. We suggest that regular monitoring is essential for the proper management.

Time dependent material characteristics of concrete affects serviceability and safety due to long term deformation of concrete. Thus, in this paper, the long term behavior of a precast modular bridge by using ACI 209R-92, B3, CEB MC90-99, considering the most influenced factors: creep and shrinkage.

There are some problems of lacking the information on the safety of cement products and for determining harmfulness due to differences in the concentrations of heavy metals according to organizations. Thus, the harmfulness of heavy metals in cement products has been monitored by one time per month since August 2008 and the results have also been noticed for every month. In this study, the concentrations of seven different heavy metals (Cr(Ⅵ), T-Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, As, and Hg) in cement products collected from 11 factories of 9 manufacturers are verified for every month and changes in the concentrations are also compared with the cement products of Japan, Germany, USA, and China. The company, HO, in domestic companies represents the highest values in four items and AJ shows the next high values. Thus, regarding these two manufacturers, it is necessary to take an effort for reducing the concentrations of five heavy metals through considering the major and alternative raw materials for producing their cement products. the chrome conversion rates in domestic cement products are about 36.4 % and that exhibits higher rates about 16.0 % and 8.3 %, 2.3 and 4.3 times, than that of Japan and USA, respectively.

벼멸구(Nilaparvata lugens Stal.)는 주로 동남아시아를 비롯한 모든 벼 재배국가에서 발생하며, 우리나라의 벼농사에도 큰 피해를 입히는 주요 해충이다. 벼멸구에 저항성이면서 품질이 우수한 신품종을 육성하고자 ‘삼강’과 ‘낙동’을 인공교배하여 F1 식물체를 양성하고, 약배양을 수행하여 doubled haploid 집단을 육성하였다. 육성 계통 중에서 포장특성이 양호하고 벼멸구에 저항성인 ‘SNDH-39’를 양질성 품종인 ‘주남’과 3회 여교배하여 동계온실에서 F1세대를 양성하였다. 하계포장에 F2세대 240개체를 전개하고 초형이 양호한 17개체를 선발하였다. 벼멸구 저항성 유전자 Bph 1과 연관된 DNA marker(RM28493)를 이용한 marker assisted selection(MAS)과 생물검정을 병행하여 육성한 계통 중에서 벼멸구에 저항성이면서 주요작물학적 특성이 우수한 ‘SNJB8-16-3-B’를 선발하였다. ’08～’09년에는 생산력검정 및 지역적응성시험을 수행하여 ‘드리미 2호’로 명명하였고, 현재 국립종자원에 출원번호 2009-540으로 출원 중에 있다. ‘드리미 2호’의 출수기는 8월 22일이며, 아밀로즈 함량은 20.8% 이다. 주요 병해충에 대한 저항성으로 벼멸구에는 강한 저항성을 나타내며, 잎도열병과 흰잎마름병의 K1, 2, 3 균군에도 저항성 반응을 나타내었다.

An optimum cross section of a precast modular bridge was drew by using the combinational optimization method. The constraints for the optimization procedure including the width and the thickness of the bottom flange, and the maximum area of the cross section, etc. were considered, and weight of the girder was minimized to draw an optimum cross section. Furthermore, the segmentation of the girder in its longitudinal direction was studied for satisfying the requirement of traffic law about overloading.

This study is part of research to develop the technology for managing major medicinal crops after harvest. We studied the optimal germination conditions of Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsl. The mean germination time (MGT) of C. wilfordii seeds was higher after soaking for 4 days after storage at 5℃ for 8 weeks, than with germination at 25℃ (3 days). However, the germinative energy (GE) decreased as the number of days soaking increased. The greatest germination rate (83.3±8.8%) was at 25℃ with no soaking of seeds stored at -20℃ for 8 weeks. Based on these results, we characterized the germination conditions of a major medicinal crop.

본 연구는 면마과에 속한 관중(Dryopteris crassirhizoma), 참지네고사리(Dryopteris nipponensis) 및 더부살이고사리(Polystichum lepidocaulon)의 성엽을 용매별로 분획 추출한 다음 각 분획물의 항산화 효과를 분석하여 천연 항산화 소재로 개발하기 위하여 수행하였다. 총 폴리페놀의 함량은 관중의 n-butanol 분획물(550.0 mg·g-1), 참지네고사리의 ethyl acetate 분획물(374.8 mg·g-1), 더부살이고사리의 n-butanol 분획물(781.8 mg·g-1)에서 가장 많았다. 총 플라보노이드의 함량은 관중의 chloroform 분획물(72.9 mg·g-1), 참지네고사리와 더부살이고사리의 n-hexane 분획물에서 각 72.9, 154.5 mg·g-1로 총 플라보노이드 함량이 가장 많았다. DPPH radical 소거활성은 관중과 더부살이고사리의 n-butanol 분획물(RC50=0.02와 0.04 mg·mL-1)과 참지네고사리의 water 분획물(RC50=0.01mg·mL-1)에서 가장 높았다. ABTS radical 소거활성은 관중의 n-hexane과 n-butanol 분획물(각 RC50=0.02mg·mL-1), 참지네고사리의 ethyl acetate 분획물(RC50=0.03mg·mL-1) 및 더부살이고사리의 n-butanol 분획물(RC50=0.06mg·mL-1)에서 가장 높았다. 연구의 결과, 관중과 더부살이고사리의 n-butanol 분획물은 총 폴리페놀의 함량이 많으며 radical 소거활성이 높았으므로 각 분획층의 유용 생리활성 물질을 분석하여 이용할 필요가 있는 것으로 생각되었다.

Soy isoflavones have been suggested to improve bone loss and lipid profile in postmenopausal women and ovariectomized rats. In present study, we investigated the hypothesis that consumption of soybean, mung bean, cowpea and azuki bean has a beneficial effect on lipid profile which associates with bone mass in ovariectomized rats. Forty two female Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated (Sham) or surgically ovariectomized (OVX). Sham and OVX groups were fed a regular AIN-93M diet, but ovariectomized rats with soybean (OS), mung bean (OM), cowpea (OC) or adzuki bean (OA) were fed AIN-93M diet replacing 35% of corn starch with powdered OS, OM, OC or OA for 10 weeks. Total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in Sham and OC groups than other OVX groups. There was significant negative association between total cholesterol concentration and bone mineral density (BMD) of tibia in only OC group. In conclusion, total-cholesterol concentration was significantly and negatively correlated with BMD in rats consumed cowpea, suggesting that the reduced cholesterol concentration may have a beneficial effect on bone mass.

The goal of this study was to investigate the nutritional characteristics and physiological functionality of Liriope tuber for development of new bioactive compound from Liriope tuber. Crude protein and carbohydrate contents of Chenogsim were 9.25% and 77.98%, respectively and crude protein, 9.86% and carbohydrate, 79.08% were also contained in Liriope tuber No.1. Both of Liriope tubers were showed very high contents of sucrose (Cheongsim; 4.08%, Liriope tuber No.1; 4.91%), oxalic acid (0.98%, 0.86%) and glutamic acid (3.736 g/100 g, 4,196 g/100 g). Among several physiological functionalities, tyrosinase inhibitory activity were showed very high 86.4% in Cheongsim and 82.02% in Liriope tuber No.1, respectively.