본 논문은 명대의 역적 당새아가 청대 소설 속에서 돌연 女仙이자, 나라를 구하는 영웅의 형상으로 변신한 데 주목하고, 그녀가 소설 속에서 극적인 변신을 이루게 된 원인을 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 실존인물 당새아의 행적 및 그녀에 대한 명대인의 평가를 시기별로 살펴보고, 그런 다음 청대소설 『여선외사』 속 당새아의 형상을 분석하였으며, 마지막으로 당새 아형상의 극적 변신의 이유를 소설의 창작 동기 및 평어를 중심으로 분석하였다. 역적 당새아의 소설 속 변신은 청대 초기의 사회적 배경, 즉 왕조 교체로 인해 명대에 발생했던 정난 지변을 재조명할 수 있는 환경이 마련된 것과 밀접한 관련이 있다.

반려동물산업은 지속적으로 성장하였으며, 2020년에는 반려동물 관련 시장규모가 5조 8,000억 원으로 성장할 것으로 예상된다. 하지만 반려동물 산업이 지속적으로 성장한 것에 비해, 반려동물 문화의 수준은 성숙하지 못하다. 반면에 해외의 반려동물 시장은 우리 나라보다 크고, 반려동물 문화 또한 성숙한 문화가 자리 잡고 있다. 그래서 해외 반려동물 문화 관련 현황 파악을 통해서 국내 반려동물 문화 발전을 위해 제안할 수 있는 것을 알아 보고자 총설논문을 작성하였다. KISS, DBpia, RISS, 원광대학교 중앙도서관에서 자료를 검색하였으며 자료들을 크게 국･내외 반려동물산업, 국･내외 반려동물문화, 국･내외 반려 동물 관련법과 정책으로 분류하였다. 연구결과, 우리나라의 올바른 반려동물 문화를 정착 시키기 위해서는 개선되어야 하는 점이 많았으며, 해외의 반려동물 문화를 통해 발전될 수 있다는 점이 많다고 판단된다.

Flammulina velutipes is an edible mushroom and contains a lot of fiber, vitamin B1, B2, niacin and folic acid. This study was conducted to explore the effects of the Flammulina velutipes mushroom on immune cells and immunity. Th1 cytokine productions as IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 were measured in an activated macrophage by Flammulina velutipes water extract in seven concentrations (0, 5, 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 μg/mL). Also, the splenocyte proliferation index was measured at 48 hours after treatment of the Flammulina velutipes water extract in seven concentrations or mitogen, LPS and ConA. The IFN-γ and TNF-α productions were increased by treatment of the Flammulina velutipes water extract. The TNF-α production was significantly higher in the 50~1,000 μg/mL Flammulina velutipes water extract treated macrophages. The IFN-γ production of macrophages treated with the Flammulina velutipes water extract increased significantly in all groups, and the highest 1000 μg/mL concentration. The splenocyte proliferation index was enhanced when the 10~1,000 μg/mL Flammulina velutipes water extracts were treated compared to the control. These primary results suggest that Flammulina velutipes may enhance the immune function by activation of the macrophage and spleen cell.

굴 패각과 같은 반응성 재료는 사용 목적에 적합한 전처리 조건을 선택할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 인 농도 제어를 목적으로 효율적인 굴 패각 사용을 위한 전처리 조건을 제안하는데 목적을 둔다. 굴 패각의 전처리(소성 온도, 소성 시간, 입자 크기)에 따른 인산염 제거 효율을 조사하였다. 또한 XAFS 분석 및 등온 흡착 실험을 통해 굴 패각의 인산염 제거특성에 대해 조사하였다. 실험 결과 소성 온도는 600°C, 소성 시간은 6 h, 입자 크기는 0.355~0.075 mm에서 우수한 제거 효율을 확인하였다. 등온 흡착 실험 결과 Langmuir 모델이 굴 패각의 흡착에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. XAFS 분석 결과 600°C에서 소성시킨 굴 패각에는 인산칼슘이 생성된 것이 확인되었다. 즉 굴 패각의 칼슘 이온 용출에 의한 인산칼슘 형성이 인산염의 농도 감소에 기여하고 있음을 확인하였다.

This study investigated the effects of the post annealing temperatures on the electrical and interfacial properties of a metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector(MSM-PD) device. The interdigitate type MSM-PD devices had the structure Al(500 nm) / Ti(200 nm) / poly-Si(500 nm). Structural analyses of the MSM-PD devices were performed by employing X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscope(TEM). Electrical characteristics of the MSM-PD were also examined using current-voltage(I-V) measurements. The optimal post annealing condition for the Schottky contact of MSM-PD devices are 350℃-30minutes. However, as the annealing temperature and time are increased, electrical characteristics of MSM-PD device are degraded. Especially, for the annealing conditions of 400℃-180minutes and 500℃-30minutes, the I-V measurement itself was impossible. These results are closely related to the solid phase reactions at the interface of MSM-PD device, which result in the formation of intermetallic compounds such as Al3Ti and Ti7Al5Si12.

제주지역은 기존 송국리문화의 바탕위에 기원전 4세기 이후 도래한 점토대토기문화가 빠르게 융합되면서 전개된다. 이처럼 문화접변 과정을 거쳐 서북부지역에 대규모 취락이 조성되기도 한다. 서남부지역 에서는 비전형적인 송국리형주거지가 축조되면서 지역화된 양식으로 전환된다. 하지만 변형된 주거지를 축조하고 점토대토기 집단의 금속기를 교환하고 있지만 일상토기인 점토대토기는 배척되고 있다. 점토대토기 집단의 정착과정을 보면 서북부지역에서는 주민간 활발한 동화과정을 통해 재지화되는 반면 서남부지역은 상위계층간 교류가 진행될 뿐 직접적인 융합은 이루어지지 않고 있다. 즉 서북부지역은 원형점토대토기 집단이 쉽게 동화되지만 서남부지역에서는 점토대토기 집단과의 교류가 활발하게 진행 되지 못하고 있다. 이로 인해 삼각형점토대토기 집단은 동북부지역(종달리와 김녕리)에 거점을 확보하지만 활동영역이 축소되고 서남부지역과의 교류가 단절된다. 제주지역에서 점토대토기가 소멸하는 것은 대략 2세기경으로 추정되며 남해안지역과 궤를 같이한다.

세대교체된 신세대 농민공은 농촌에 돌아가길 원하지 않고 도시에 영구 정착하려고 한다. 그러나 호구전환 없이 농민공이 도시에 정착하기는 어렵다. 농민공은 농촌토지도 포기하지 않은 채 도시에서 생활하고 있다. 본 연구는 농민공의 도시정착에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요인을 사회관계망 분석을 통해 확인하고, 농민공의 도시정착 정책에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 농민공 시민화의 핵심은 단순한 호구전환보다 동등한 도시 권리의 향유이다. 둘째, 농촌 토지의 재산권제도 개혁이 농민공의 도시정착과 함께 추진되어야 한다. 셋째, 삼농문제 해결을 통해 농촌의 발전도 함께 도모하여야 한다. 넷째, 농민공은 신형도시화 정책의 의도처럼 소도시로의 이주를 원하지 않기 때문에 대도시의 개방도 함께 추진되어야 한다. 다섯째, 도시계획을 세울 때 도시민과 함께 농민공도 계산에 넣어야 한다.

Yield prediction model for mixed pasture was developed with a shortage that the relationship between dry matter yield (DMY) and days of summer depression (DSD) was not properly reflected in the model in the previous research. Therefore, this study was designed to eliminate the data of the regions with distinctly different climatic conditions and then investigate their relationships DMY and DSD using the data in each region separately of regions with distinct climatic characteristics and classify the data based on regions for further analysis based on the previous mixed pasture prediction model. The data set used in the research kept 582 data points from 11 regions and 41 mixed pasture types. The relationship between DMY and DSD in each region were analyzed through scatter plot, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis in each region separately. In the statistical analysis, DMY was taken as the response variable and 5 climatic variables including DSD were taken as explanatory variables. The results of scatter plot showed that negative correlations between DMY and DSD were observed in 7 out of 9 regions. Therefore, it was confirmed that analyzing the relationship between DMY and DSD based on each region is necessary and 5 regions were selected (Hwaseong, Suwon, Daejeon, Siheung and Gwangju) since the data size in these regions is large enough to perform the further statistical analysis based on large sample approximation theory. Correlation analysis showed that negative correlations were found between DMY and DSD in 3 (Hwaseong, Suwon and Siheung) out of the 5 regions, meanwhile the negative relationship in Hwaseong was confirmed through multiple regression analysis. Therefore, it was concluded that the interpretability of the yield prediction model for mixed pasture could be improved based on constructing the models using the data from each region separately instead of using the pooled data from different regions.

'Dakyeong' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oats for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2016. It was derived from a cross between ‘CI7505’(IT133304) and ‘Swan’(IT197920). Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Iksan and Jeonju, respectively. After preliminary and advanced yield test for 2 years, ‘SO2004009-B-B-10-8-3-9’, designated as a line name of ‘Gwiri91’, were subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield during 3 years in four parts such as Jeju (upland), Yesan (upland), Iksan (upland), and Jeonju (paddy), from 2014 to 2016, and finally named as ‘Dakyeong’. Cultivar ‘Dakyong’ has leaves of dark green color, thick diameter culm and long grain of brown color. Over 3 years, the heading date of ‘Dakyeong’ was about 5 days earlier than that of check cultivar ‘Samhan’ (April 30 and May 5, respectively), and their average forage dry matter yield harvested at milk-ripe stage was higher 12% (15.7 tone ha-1) than 14.0 tone ha-1 of check cultivar. Cultivar ‘Dakyeong’ was lower than the check cultivar ‘Samhan’ in terms of the protein content (6.1% and 7.0%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (62.1%, and 62.5%, respectively), while the TDN yield was more than the check (7.79 tone ha-1 and 7.64 tone ha-1, respectively). Fall sowing cropping of ‘Dakyeong’ is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than -6°C, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

본 연구는 표고균사체 발효 적하수오 열수 최적 추출조건 탐색을 목적으로 수행하였으며, 표고균사로 배양된 하수오의 독립변수로는 독립변수(Xi)로서 추출온도(X1), 추출시간(X2) 및 시료에 대한 용매비(X3)에 대한 실험범위를 설정하여 각각을 5단계로 부호화하였고 중심합성계획에 따라 16구로 설정하여 추출하였다. 또한 이들 독립변수에 영향을 받을 종속변수(Yn)로는 고형분 함량(Y1) 및 당도(Y2), TPC (total polyphenol contents, Y3), TFC (total flavonoid contents, Y4), ABTS cation radical scavenging activity (Y5), DPPH radical scavenging activity (Y6)으로 하였다. 고용분 함량 최대값과 최소값은 각각 31.99%와 16.84%로 나타났다. 이를 회귀분석한 결과 고형분 함량에 대한 모델식의 R2은 0.867로 나타났다. 당도는 7번(8 hrs, 85℃, 67 mg/mL)과 15번(6 hrs, 70℃, 100 mg/mL)시험구에서 3.0 brix로 다른 시험구에 비하여 높은 함량을 보였다. 항산화물질인 총 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량은 8번 시험구(8 hrs, 85℃, 40 mg/mL)에서 총 폴리페놀 함량이 30.40 mg GAE/g, 총 플라보노이드 함량이 146.50 mg QE/g으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 16가지 시험구의 항산화 활성도 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량의 결과와 같이 8번 시험구(8 hrs, 85℃, 40 mg/mL)에서 가장 높은 활성을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 참조하여 표고균사체 발효 적하수오에 대한 열수 추출조건을 최적화할 목적으로 추출온도를 95℃로 고정하고 용매비와 추출시간에 대한 종속변수들의 contour map을 superimposing하여 추출물의 특성 중 생리활성물질 함량과 생리활성을 만족시켜주는 최적조건은 91.22℃에서 39.71 mg/mL 용매비와 7.72 추출시간으로 각각 분석되었다. 본 연구는 적하수오에 표고균사체를 배양한 후 생리활성이 우수한 원료를 추출 생산하고자 최적 추출조건을 확립하기 위하여 반응표면분석법을 활용하였다. 향후 생리활성부분에 대한 추가적인 연구가 이루어진다면 더욱 완성도가 높은 표고균사체 발효 적하수오 식품개발에 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

Oats (Avena sativa L.), which are known as one of the forage crops of Korea, have good livestock palatability and are popular to cattle farmers because of their high dry matter. However, the cultivation of double cropping in the rice field was reluctant due to the late maturing for farmers to plant rice continuously. 'Hi-early', a winter oats for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2016. It was derived from a cross between ‘517A2-121’(IT133383) and ‘CI7604’ (IT133379). Subsequent generations followed by the cross were handled in bulk and pedigree selection programs at Suwon, Iksan and Jeonju, respectively. After preliminary and advance yield test for 2 years, ‘SO2004015-B-B-23-1-3-7’, designated as a line name of ‘Gwiri92’, were subsequently evaluated for earliness and forage yield during 3 years in four parts such as Jeju (upland), Yesan (upland), Iksan (upland), and Jeonju (paddy), from 2014 to 2016, and finally named as ‘Hi-early’. Cultivar ‘Hi-early’ has the characteristics of medium leaves of green color, thick diameter culm, and medium grain of brown color. Over 3 years, the heading date of ‘Hi-early’ was about 9 days earlier than that of check cultivar ‘Samhan’ (April 26 and May 5, respectively). Average forage fresh yield of ‘Hi-early’ harvested at milk-ripe stage was similar to check cultivar (40.2 tone ha-1 and 40.0 tone ha-1, respectively), and dry matter yield also was similar to check cultivar (14.2 tone ha-1 and 14.0 tone ha-1, respectively). Cultivar ‘Hi-early’ was lower than the check cultivar ‘Samhan’ in terms of the protein content (6.2% and 7.0%, respectively) and total digestible nutrients (61.0%, and 62.5%, respectively), while the TDN yield was more than the check (7.91 tone ha-1 and 7.64 tone ha-1, respectively). Fall sowing cropping of ‘Hi-early’ is recommended only in areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than -6°C, and it should not be cultivated in mountain areas, where frost damage is likely to occur.

In this study, seismic performance of bushings and their connection parts was analyzed by performing shaking table tests for various types of bushings widely used as auxiliary equipment of main transformers in domestic substations. As a result of the seismic tests of five types of 154 kV bushings according to the manufacturers, all the bushings secured the structural integrity even at the acceleration of 1.4 g and it was found that leakage of insulating oil didn't occur. Also, the average acceleration amplification rate at the upper part of the bushings was about 2.5 to 3.0 times higher than the lower one. On the other hand, when a representative 345 kV bushing was subjected to the seismic test, the structural integrity was secured even at 1.0 g acceleration similar to the design earthquake load level, but in this test, leakage of insulating oil occurred. However, when a stiffener restricting the connection of the bushing is installed in the same 345 kV bushing, the displacement of the bushing connection is controlled and the stiffener prevent the oil from leaking even at the acceleration of the designed seismic level.

We investigated the influence of germination and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment conditions on the conversion of functional compounds and antioxidant activity in adzuki bean. The adzuki bean germinated at 25°C for three- or six-days, and was later subjected to HHP at 0.1, 50, 100, or 150 MPa for 24 h. The highest polyphenol content (5.36 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g) and flavonoid content (0.91 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g) were observed after germination for six days and HHP treatment at 100 MPa for 24 h, respectively. The total phenolic acid contents increased with increasing applied pressure from 88.86 to 208.26 μg/g (100MPa, 24h). Phenolic acids are divided into two categories; those that exhibit increased content upon HHP treatment, and those that exhibit decreased content. The increasing phenolic acids were gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, (+)-catechin, ρ-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, heperidin, salicylic acid, protocatechuic acid, cinnamic acid, naringenin. The total anthocyanin content decreased with increasing applied pressure from 22.42 mg/100 g to 6.28 mg/100 g (150 MPa, 24 h). The highest ABTS radical scavenging activity (8.02 mg eq AA/g) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (1.22 eq Trolox/g) were observed after germination for six days and HHP treatment at 100MPa for 24h, respectively. These results suggested that the combination of HHP and germination can lead to improved functionality in adzuki bean.