본 연구는 닭 진드기 구제를 목적으로 개발된 살비제인 와구잡이 II® (WGJB, 편백정유 : 계피정유 = 20 : 56)에 대하여 토끼와 기니픽을 이용하여 피부 자극성 및 감작성 평가를 각각 수행하였다. 일차피부자극시험에서 토끼의 피부에 WGJB를 24시간 동안 처리한 후 피부 자극성을 확인한 결과, WGJB는 비찰과 부위에서 홍반과 부종과 같은 어떠한 부작용도 일으키지 않았으나, 몇몇 토끼의 찰과 부위에서 매우 약한 홍반과 부종을 나타내어 WGJB의 1차 피부자극 지수는 0.625이었다. 따라서 WGJB는 약한 자극성이 있는 물질로 분류되었다. 피부감작성 시험에서 기니픽에 0.1 mL의 WGJB을 피내주사한 후 24시간 동안 감작시켰다. 감작 1주일 후 WGJB를 함유한 패취를 주사 부위에 부착하여 48시간 동안 처리한 다음, 2주 후에 WGJB 를 함유한 패취를 부착하여 감작을 야기시켰다. WGJB는 어떠한 알러지 반응도 나타내지 않았다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통하여 WGJB는 약한 피부 자극성을 가지며 감작성을 야기하지 않는 물질로 평가되었다.

PURPOSES : Since the 1990s, underground utility projects have been conducted to solve the problem of aerial communication cables. The purpose of this study is to derive optimal measures for preventing collisions with existing underground utilities and for future maintenance in the implementation of the utilities undergrounding projects. This study considered the identifier sensor and tested the optimal sensor performance for more accurate and systematic management. METHODS : In this study, three representative technologies were selected from identifier sensors generally used in air and the possibility for their use in soil and asphalt was confirmed by simulating the environment via a test construction. Three identifier sensors were selected: BLE (Bluetooth low energy) beacon, ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID), and a geomagnetic recognizer. The long-term recognition performance of each identifier sensor was tested using the underground depth as a variable and the results were analyzed for comparison. RESULTS : The results of the test under limited conditions and environment demonstrated that the BLE Beacon had advantages in equipment composition, recognition range, and speed but exhibited problems with batteries in winter. The geomagnetic recognizer did not show the exact location and its influence on the surrounding environment was a disadvantage. CONCLUSIONS : Although the performance of UHF RFID has been demonstrated to be relatively suitable under these test conditions, it seems that the impact of the more diverse installation depth or medium should be reviewed for actual commercialization.

본 연구의 목적은 Neural Network Regression 모델을 활용하여 선박의 가치평가 모델을 개발하는 것이다. 가치평가의 대상은 중고 VLCC선이며, 선행연구를 통해 선박의 가치 변화를 유발하는 주요 요인들을 선별하여 변수를 설정하고, 2000년 1월부터 2020년 8 월까지의 해당 데이터를 확보하였다. 변수의 안정성을 판단하기 위해 다중 공선성 검사를 수행하여 최종적으로 6개의 독립변수와 1개의 종속변수를 선정하고 연구 구조를 설계하였다. 이를 바탕으로 Linear Regression, Neural Network Regression, Random Forest Algorithm을 활용하여 총 9개의 시뮬레이션 모델을 설계하였다. 또한 각 모델간의 비교검증을 통해 평가결과의 정확성을 제고시켰다. 평가 결과, VLCC실제값과의 비교를 통해 2층으로 구성된 Hidden Layer의 Neural Network Regression 모델이 가장 정확도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 시사점은 첫째, 기존 정형화된 평가기법에서 벗어나 기계학습기반 모델을 선박가치평가에 적용하였다는 점이다. 둘째, 해운시 장 변화요인을 동태적 관점에서 분석하고 예측함으로써 연구결과의 객관성을 제고시켰다고 할 수 있다.

A seasonal characteristic of fish assemblages in the coastal waters of Gapa-do was determined using samples collected by a trammel net from 2015 to 2019. Annual mean temperature and salinity were 18.9℃, 33.6 psu (2015), 19.5℃, 33.6 psu (2016), 18.9℃, 33.8 psu (2017), 18.8℃, 34.5 psu (2018) and 19.5℃, 33.7 psu (2019), which show a stable water mass. During the survey period, a total of 50 species (30 families and 8 orders) of fishes were identified, including Scorpaeniformes (3 families and 9 species) and Perciformes (18 families and 29 species) that accounted for 68% of the total number. The number of species was higher in summer than in winter, showing the peak in the summer by 35 species and the low in the winter by 20 species. The number of individuals and the biomass peaked in the summer by 690 individuals and 151.4 kg, and were the lowest in the autumn by 336 individuals and 76.6 kg. The annual diversity index, evenness index and richness index were appeared to be 2.54-2.75, 0.68-0.76 and 5.32-6.65 at each stations. The dominance index was appeared to be the highest in 2018 and the lowest in 2015. Marbled rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus), rock fish (Sebastes inermis), filefish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer), rabbit fish (Siganus fuscescens), porcupine fish (Diodon holocanthus) and smallscale blackfish (Girella melanichthys) were dominant species, which occurred abundantly during the entire survey period. Subtropical fishes were identified as a total of 24 species (48.0%) and the number of species was higher in 2019 by 20 (60.6%) species and lower in 2015 by 13 (44.8%) species. The dominant species of the subtropical fishes were appeared to be rabbit fish, porcupine fish, smallscale blackfish, flag fish (Goniistius zonatus), stripey (Microcanthus strigatus), grunter (Parapristipoma trilineatum), and bluestriped angelfish (Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis) at the study sites.

IMO에서는 선박운항기술에 ICT기술을 융합하여 해양사고를 예방하는 e-Navigation의 도입을 추진하고 있다. 국내에서도 해양사 고의 취약계층인 어선 및 연안을 항해하는 소형선박을 대상으로 한국형 e-Navigation을 개발하고 있다. 그러나 한국형 e-Navigation의 성공적인 개발을 위해서는 현재까지 진행된 개발성과를 평가하고 개발 방향성을 재정립할 수 있도록 개발성과를 평가할 수 있는 지표의 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 주요한 해양사고인 충돌사고를 중심으로 e-Navigation 서비스의 개발목표에 맞춘 평가지표를 개발하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 RCA기법과 FTA 기법을 활용해 해상 충돌사고 발생 근본원인을 도출하고 이를 정량화하여 e-Navigation 서비스를 위한 충돌사고 평가지표를 개발하였다. 해당지표는 e-Navigation의 개발지표 및 충돌사고 분석을 위한 지표로 활용되어 해양사고 저감에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

수경재배시 양액 내 탄산정 처리를 통한 상추의 생육 및 생리활성물질 변화를 조사하기 위해 네덜란드에서 시판되는 고형 탄산정을 사용하였다. 실험은 무처리를 대조구로 하여 0.5 배, 1배, 2배 처리구로 구성하였다. 실험결과, 탄산정 처리 후 챔버내 대기 CO2 농도는 처리 직후 2배 처리구에서 472.2μL·L -1 로 가장 높은 수치를 보였으며, 양액내 pH는 2배 처리구는 pH 6.03로 가장 많이 감소하였다. 이후 시간이 경과함에 따라 CO2 농도와 pH는 처리 전 수준으로 회복하는 모습을 나타냈다. 상추의 엽폭과 엽면적은 탄산정 2배 처리시 17.1cm, 1067cm 2로 가장 큰 값을 나타내었으며 지상부 생체중, 건물 중은 0.5배 처리구에서 63.87g, 3.08g으로 가장 높게 나타났다. 상추의 근장은 대조구에서 28.4cm로 가장 길었으나 처리 구들간에 지하부의 생체중, 건물중은 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 외관상 탄산정 처리에 의해 상추의 근장이 짧아 지고 곁뿌리가 많이 발생한 것이 관찰되었다. 또한 뿌리가 갈색으로 약간 변하는 결과가 있었지만, 지상부 생육에는 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 탄산정 처리에 의 한상추의 생리활성물질을 분석한 결과 chlorogenic acid와 quercetin 두가지 물질이 검출되었으며 이를 정량분석한 결과 1배 처리구에서 chlrogenic acid는 대조구보다 249% 증가하였지만 quercetin은 37% 감소한 결과를 나타냈다. 항산화 활 성을 나타내는 DPPH 라디컬 소거능을 비교한 결과 대조구와 0.5배 처리가 1배, 2배 처리보다 유의적으로 높은 값을 나타냈다. 이를 통해 탄산정 처리가 수경재배 상추의 생육과 생리활 성물질을 증대에 효과가 있음을 제시한다.

총담관류는 담관낭종 중 가장 빈도가 낮은 질환으로 악성 종양 발생에 대한 보고가 드물어 총담관류로 인한 악성 발생 가능성에 대해서 이견이 존재한다. 저자들은 상부위장관 검진에서 우연히 발견된 십이지장 유두부 선종으로 내원한 환자에서 내시경 초음파를 이용하여 총담관류 내에서 발생한 선종으로 진단 후 올가미를 이용한 내시경 유두절제술을 통하여 완전절제에 성공한 증례를 경험하였다. 이에 총담관류 내 악성 종양 발생 가능성 및 총담관류의 진단과 내시경적 치료에 대한 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다.

In this study, high temperature wetting analysis and AZ80/Ti interfacial structure observation are performed for the mixture of AZ80 and Ti, and the effect of Al on wetting in Mg alloy is examined. Both molten AZ80 and pure Mg have excellent wettability because the wet angle between molten droplets and the Ti substrate is about 10° from initial contact. Wetting angle decreases with time, and wetting phenomenon continues between droplets and substrate; the change in wetting angle does not show a significant difference when comparing AZ80-Ti and Mg-Ti. As a result of XRD of the lower surface of the AZ80-Ti sample, in addition to the Ti peak of the substrate, the peak of TiAl3, which is a Ti-Al intermetallic compound, is confirmed, and TiAl3 is generated in the Al enrichment region of the Ti substrate surface. EDS analysis is performed on the droplet tip portion of the sample section in which pure Mg droplets are dropped on the Ti substrate. Concentration of oxygen by the natural oxide film is not confirmed on the Ti surface, but oxygen is distributed at the tip of the droplet on the Mg side. Molten AZ80 and Ti-based compound phases are produced by thickening of Al in the vicinity of Ti after wetting is completed, and Al in the Mg alloy does not affect the wetting. The driving force of wetting progression is a thermite reaction that occurs between Mg and TiO2, and then Al in AZ80 thickens on the Ti substrate interface to form an intermetallic compound.

The purpose of this study is to prepare WO3 nanopowders by high-energy milling in mixture gas (7 % H2+Ar) with various milling times (10, 30, and 60 min). The phase transformation, particle size and light absorption properties of WO3 nanopowders during reduction via high-energy milling are studied. It is found that the particle size of the WO3 decreases from about 30 μm to 20 nm, and the grain size of WO3 decreases rapidly with increasing milling time. Furthermore, the surface of the particles due to the pulverization process is observed to change to an amorphous structure. UV/Vis spectrophotometry shows that WO3 powder with increasing milling times (10, 30, 60 min) effectively extends the light absorption properties to the visible region. WO3 powder changes from yellow to gray and can be seen as a phenomenon in which the progress of the color changes to blue. The characterization of WO3 is performed by high resolution X-ray diffractometry, Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, UV/Vis spectrophotometry and Particle size analysis.

굴 패각을 입경(0 ~ 1, 1 ~ 2, 2 ~ 5 mm) 및 소성온도(400(P400), 500(P500), 600(P600), 800(P800)℃)별로 전처리 한 후, 퇴적물과 혼합 된 실내실험을 통해 퇴적물의 성상변화를 조사하였다. 굴 패각의 주요 성분인 CaCO3는 700℃ 이상의 소성 온도에서 열분해 되어 CaO로 변화하는 것으로 나타났다. P800의 Ca2+ 농도는 약 790 mg/L로 대조구 및 다른 실험구들에 비해 약 2 ~ 3배 높게 나타나 고온 소성 된 굴 패각일수록 용출되는 Ca2+는 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 600℃ 이상의 온도에서 소성된 굴 패각에서는 CaCO3의 열분해로 형성된 CaO의 가수분해를 통해 간극수 내의 pH가 0.1 ~ 0.5 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 간극수 내의 NH3-N은 대조구보다 약 2.2 ~ 7.6 mg/L의 범위로 증가하였으며, 이는 가수분해 과정에서 발생한 열, Ca2+에 의한 미생물 활동 억제, 소성 과정에서 증가한 굴 패각 공극을 통한 산소 공급 등이 복합적으로 작용한 결과로 판단된다. P600 및 P800의 직상수 및 간극수 내의 PO4-P 농도는 대조구보다 약 0.1 ~ 0.2 mg/L 낮게 나타났으며 이는 소성 굴 패각으로 인한 pH 증가 및 PO4-P와의 화학적 반응으로 판단된다. 이상의 결과를 통해 소성 온도에 따라 굴 패각은 퇴적물 내의 NH3-N 및 PO4-P의 농도변화에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으나, 입경에 의한 영향은 크지 않은 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 소성 굴 패각을 낮은 오염도의 연안 저서환경을 개선시키기 위한 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것을 판단된다.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of high-oleate and normal-oleate peanut consumption on adipose mass and serum lipids in obese-induced C57BL/6J mice. After four weeks of the high-fat diet, mice were randomly divided into six groups: normal control (NC) diet, high-fat control (HFC) diet, high-oleate peanut-seed (HOPS) diet, normal-oleate peanut-seed (NOPS) diet, high-oleate peanut-oil (HOPO) diet, and olive-oil (OO) diet. After four weeks, all four experimental diet groups showed significantly lower body weight and epididymal fat weight than HFC group. In four experimental diet groups, serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly lower, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly higher than HFC group. TG was significantly decreased in HOPS group (92.1±1.2 mg/dL) than NOPS group (101.7±5.3 mg/dL, p<0.05). Similarly, LDL-C was significantly lower in HOPS group (66.1±2.8 mg/dL) than NOPS (76.9±1.5 mg/dL, p<0.05), on the other hand, HDL-C indicated a significant elevation in HOPS (50.5±2.1 mg/dL) than NOPS group (45.2±1.6 mg/dL, p<0.05). This result suggests that the consumption of high-oleate peanut has a favorable effect on the plasma lipid profile.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of frankfurter sausage made with venison. The crude protein content of sausage showed a significant increase pattern in the proportion to the addition of the venison. The crude fat content showed a decrease pattern. The saturated fatty acid significantly increased in proportion to the content of the venison. The monounsaturated fatty acids and the polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased with increasing the venison content. The content of the free amino acids increased in proportion to the amount of the venison added. The amino acid content of the pork sausage was in the order of Alanine > glycine > glutamic acid, and was similar in the sausages made from venison. The essential amino acids were 36.4% in FSV, higher than 34.0% in the pork sausages. In the sensory test, it was confirmed that the texture, taste, and overall acceptability increased with the addition of the venison. Because the sausages made from the venison were superior to the pork sausages in all of the measured sensory characteristics, it is considered that industrialization is sufficiently feasible.

The objective of this study was to produce a nutrient delivery system (NDS) using sialic acid extracted from edible bird’s nest (EBN), which improves brain function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, by affinity bead technology (ABT). The inhibitory activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pyramidal cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus were analyzed to investigate the effect of a sialic acid NDS on Alzheimer’s disease. Also, the effect of a sialic acid NDS on Parkinson’s disease was evaluated by rota-rod test and pole test in an animal model. Among the groups treated with donepezil, EBN, and sialic acid NDS, the AChE activity was the lowest in the sialic acid NDS-treated group. The results of the hippocampus analysis of the rat model confirmed that the sialic acid NDS inhibited amyloid-beta accumulation depending upon the concentration. Also, the sialic acid NDS group showed more improvement in motor deterioration than the1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)- induced group in both the rota-rod test and pole test. Therefore, the sialic acid NDS had an effect of protecting not only Alzheimer’s disease by inhibiting AChE and amyloid-beta accumulation, but Parkinson’s disease by preventing neurotoxicity induced by MPTP.

High-pressure membrane system like nanofiltration(NF) and reverse osmosis(RO) was investigated as a part of water treatment processes to produce high quality potable water with low organic matter concentration through membrane module tests and design simulation. River water and sand filtration permeate in Busan D water treatment plant were selected as feed water, and NE4040-90 and RE4040-Fen(Toray Chemical Korea) were used as NF and RO membranes, respectively. Total organic carbon(TOC) concentrations of NF and RO permeates were mostly below 0.5 mg/l and the average TOC removal rates of NF and RO membranes were 93.99% and 94.28%, respectively, which means NF used in this study is competitive with RO in terms of organic matter removal ability. Different from ions rejection tendency, the TOC removal rate increases at higher recovery rates, which is because the portion of higher molecular weight materials in the concentrated raw water with increasing recovery rate increases. Discharge of NF/RO concentrates to rivers may not be acceptable because the increased TDS concentration of the concentrates can harm the river eco-system. Thus, the idea of using NF/RO concentrate as the raw water for industrial water production was introduced. The design simulation results with feed water and membranes used in this work reveal that the raw water guideline can be satisfied if the recovery rate of NF/RO system is designed below 80%.

A 1,000 m3/d DAF(dissolved air flotation) pilot plant was installed to evaluate the performance of the floating process using the Nakdong River. Efficiency of various DAF operations under different conditions, such as hydraulic loading rate, coagulant concentration was evaluated in the current research. The operation conditions were evaluated, based on the removal or turbidity, TOC(total organic carbon), THMFP(trihalomethane formation potential), Mn(manganese), and Al(aluminum). Also, particle size analysis of treated water by DAF was performed to examine the characteristics of particles existing in the treated water. The turbidity removal was higher than 90%, and it could be operated at 0.5 NTU or less, which is suitable for the drinking water quality standard. Turbidity, TOC, and THMFP resulted in stable water quality when replacing the coagulant from alum to PAC(poly aluminum chloride). A 100% removal of Chl-a was recorded during the summer period of the DAF operations. Mn removal was not as effective as where the removal did not satisfy the water quality standards for the majority of the operation period. Hydraulic loading of 10 m/h, and coagulant concentrations of 40 mg/L was determined to be the optimal operating conditions for turbidity and TOC removal. When the coagulant concentration increases, the Al concentration of the DAF treated water also increases, so coagulant injection control is required according to the raw water quality. Particle size distribution results indicated that particles larger than 25 μm showed higher removal rates than smaller particles. The total particel count in the treated water was 2,214.7 counts/ml under the operation conditions of 10 m/h of hydraulic loading rate and coagulant concentrations of 60 mg/L.

모듈러 건축물은 철근콘크리트 및 철골 구조물에 비하여 상대적으로 경량이고, 단위 모듈간 기둥의 일체성을 기대하기 어려운 구조적 특성을 가진다. 이와 같은 구조적 특성은 모듈러 건축물의 높이가 높아짐에 따라 바람 및 지진과 같은 횡력저항성능에 직접적인 영향을 미친다. 본 연구에서는 횡력저항성능을 향상시키기 위해 긴장재를 활용한 모듈러 구조시스템을 제안하였다. 모듈러 구조시스템을 구성하는 주요 요소인 포스트텐션 기둥-바닥 접합부는 셀프 센터링 거동을 유도하기 위한 형상 및 상세를 가진다. 포스트텐션 기 둥-바닥 접합부의 이력 거동을 상세히 파악하기 위해 유한요소해석을 수행하였으며, 그 결과 초기 긴장력 및 보-기둥 접합부의 접합 조건에 따라 이력 거동은 확연한 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다.

해바라기, 콩, 들깨, 참깨를 트랩식물로 이용하여 미국선녀벌레 약충에 대한 유인효과를 조사한 결과, 실내실험의 경우, 어린단계와 성숙단 계 모두에서 해바라기가 각각 평균 47.6%와 66.5%로 가장 높은 유인력을 보였고, 야외실험의 경우에도 어린단계와 성숙단계 모두에서 해바라기가 각각 평균 52.3%, 53.2%로 가장 높았다. 실내실험과 야외실험에서 어린단계의 콩은 시간이 지나면서 해바라기 다음으로 유인력이 높았으나 성숙단계의 콩은 들깨 보다도 낮은 유인력을 보였으며 실내실험과 야외실험간 비교에서 동일 트랩식물간 유의성은 없는 것으로 보아 미국선녀벌레 약충에 대하여 가장 유인력이 높은 식물은 해바라기였다.

Mycelium composites and leathers have versatile material properties based on their composition and manufacturing process. To prepare mycelium mat for the production of mushroom leather, several strains were mutated by gamma rays. Some mutant strains, including Lentinula edodes, Ganoderma lucidium, and Schizophyllum commune showed good hyphae growth rate and density on saw-dust media. Irradiation power (Gy), time, and height from the radiation source to the sample were examined. Based on the preliminary data obtained in this study, comprehensive research should be conducted to explore the optimal strains and culture conditions for mycelium-based leather production.

In the membrane process, it is important to improve water treatment efficiency to ensure water quality and minimize membrane fouling. In this study, a pilot study of membrane process using reservoir water was conducted for a long time to secure high flux operation technology capable of responding to influent turbidity changes. The raw water and DAF(Dissolved Air Flotation) treated water were used for influent water of membrane to analyze the effect of water quality on the TMP (Trans Membrane Pressure) and to optimize the membrane operation. When the membrane flux were operated at 70 LMH and 80 LMH under stable water quality conditions with an inlet turbidity of 10 NTU or less, the TMP increase rates were 0.28 and 0.24 kPa/d, respectively, with minor difference. When the membrane with high flux of 80 LMH was operated for a long time under inlet turbidity of 10 NTU or more, the TMP increase rate showed the maximum of 43.5 kPa/d. However, when the CEB(Chemically Enhanced Backwash) cycle was changed from 7 to 1 day, it was confirmed that the TMP increase rate was stable to 0.23 kPa/d. As a result of applying pre-treatment process(DAF) on unstability water quality conditions, it was confirmed that the TMP rise rates differed by 0.17 and 0.64 kPa/d according to the optimization of the coagulant injection. When combined with coagulation pretreatment, it was thought that the balance with the membrane process was more important than the emphasis on efficiency of the pretreatment process. It was considered that stable TMP can be maintained by optimizing the cleaning conditions when the stable or unstable water quality even in the high flux operation on membrane process.

차먼지응애(Polyphagostarsonemus latus)는 잎들깨에서 잎을 직접적으로 가해하여 농가 소득에 치명적인 피해를 야기하고 있지만 표본단위가 설정되어 있지 않아 적절한 표본 조사가 이루어지지 못하는 상황이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 잎들깨의 주내분포 연구를 통하여 표본단위와 최적표본수를 제시하고자 수행하였다. 차먼지응애는 하나의 들깨잎에서 엽병 부위를 중심으로 개체가 형성되어 전체잎으로 퍼져나가는 특징을 보였으며, 이때 기간은 접종 후 25일이 소요되었다. 단위면적당 차먼지응애의 밀도를 조사한 결과, 접종 후 경과 기간에 관계없이 신초에서의 밀도가 중엽과 성엽보다 높아 대표성을 띠기 때문에 표본단위는 신초가 적합할 것으로 판단되었다. 주당 표본수는 1개의 신초에 있는 알과 약성충 모두를 조사할 경우 정밀도 0.25를 충족할 것으로 추정되었다. 따라서, 시설 잎들깨에서 차먼지응애의 표본조사는 주당 1개의 신초에서 알과 약성충을 조사 할 때 가장 정확도가 높고 경제적이었다.