The combination ratio of oyster mushroom cultivation supplements have used poplar sawdust(PS) 50% : beet pulp(BP) 30% : cotton seed(CS) 20%. we substituted cotton seed and beet pulp for dry wastes(DW) 10, 20. 30% respectively. In case of mixing DW 10% except from CS, mycelial growth was inhibited a little, but mycelial density was accelerated a little. The more DW contents increase, the more mycelial growth was inhibited, but mycelial growth was accelerated a little, respectively. In case of mixing DW except from CS, mycelial growth was inhibited a little bit. In case of mixing DW except from CS and BP, mycelial growth was inhibited remarkably. CHUNCHU variety developed resistance to DW than SUHAN variety.

In order to identify the exact behavior of corbel section, the horizontal force acting on corbel section should be considered as well as the vertical force. In this study, a new corbel section, which is economical and easy to construct, is developed by evaluating the exact strength of the section. Experiments were performed to verify the strengths of the proposed sections comparing with those of the currently used section. The summary of the experiment results are as follows: 1) In order to minimize the horizontal force effect, it was found that the use of pre-stressing was most effective, and that TB type corble section is a most efficient section in terms of economy and workability. 2) The experimentally obtained strength of corbel section matched well with that estimated using shear friction theory. Therefore, it is concluded that shear friction theory would be very useful if a precise crack angle in the corble section, which is pre-stressed by PS strings and threaded bolts, is available.

The reinforced concrete wall type apartments built before 1988 in Korea, which are rarely seen in other countries, were constructed using tunnel form method for convenience of construction. Tunnel form method, however, do not arrange bearing walls in the direction of long side of the apartment, and this results in little resistance capability against lateral loads in that direction. Consequently, there exists significant collapse possibility due to the formation of plastic hinge at the joints of wall and slab during earthquake. This study experimentally investigates the reinforcement methods using carbon sheet and L-shaped steel which were not seismically designed. The reinforcement method using carbon sheet and L-shaped angle, has following advantages; construction workability, usage of light-weight material, and little requirement for the installation room. The specimen with steel bar fill up using modified epoxy mortar in the mid-span of the slab shows the same stiffness as the standard specimen without reinforcement and the stiffness of the specimen reinforced by carbon sheets without L-shaped steel was increased by only about 13%, implying that those existing methods cannot provide significant reinforcement effects. For the specimens of which wall-slab joints were reinforced using both carbon sheet and L-shaped steel, the increase of stiffness ranges from 43% to 496% and the increase of energy dissipation amount ranges from 120% to 233%. Also it was identified that the linkage method using penetration bolts was more efficient than the one using expansion anchors in increasing stiffness, strength and energy dissipation capacity.

Earthquake resistant design was introduced to Korea in 1988 for tall buildings, in 1992 for highway bridges and even earlier than that for nuclear power plants. The apartments designed by large unit housing planning was constructed by tunnel form method for the construction convenient in 1980. As a results, many structures without any seismic resistance capacity were built during the 80’s. In this paper, to improve the seismic capacity in wall-slab joint, experiments which improve and retrofit a seismic capacity by steel reinforcing, unequal angle bracing, carbon sheet attachment are carried out. These methods also are economic and simple in mitigating seismic hazard, improving earthquake-resistance performance, and reducing the risk level of building occupants. Consequently these methods were confirmed its effectiveness in improving the seismic performance were confirmed its effectiveness.

Recently the construction of residential building faces many difficulties due to the shortage of building materials and works. Simplifying the stage of processing and assembling reinforcing rods and increasing the efficiency of them in reinforced concrete construction can be used to settle the difficulties. In the respect, structural wire-fabric is utilized. The purpose of this study, instead of deformed steel bars, to examine the utilization of slab joint, which is accompanied with a large deformation in the structure subjected to seismic loads, to suggest reinforcing method which is efficient, easily constructible and structurally safe. The results are as follows ; 1. The ductility capacity of slab reinforced by welded wire fabric was less than with deformed bar in discontinuous slab joint. To enhance the ductility capacity, deformed bar should be used with welded wire fabric for the longitudinal reinforcement. 2. It is avoid to use loop welded wire fabric as the longitudinal reinforcement in wall, because the strength and ductility capacity showed lower value than that with deformed bar. 3. Using welded wire fabric in wall structures, it need deformed bar reinforcement with sufficient anchorage length.

Recently, there has been a tendency to use composite deck plates in high-rise building and apartment construction due to its cost efficiency and less installation time. The purpose of current study is to clarify structural performance of deck plate and further safety through carefully designed experimental program. In order to clarify bending capacity and joint continuity, specimens were divided for positive and negative moment and testing parameters are thickness of deck plate, slab thickness, and various reinforcements The results of experimental test are following; (1) When the thickness of deck plate is 1.0mm, the strength increased by 1.3~10.1%, and 2.0~3.5% comparing the case of 0.8mm deck plate thickness. The thickness of deck plate did not play significant role in terms of strength of the slab in both positive and negative moment tests. (2) The yield strength of slab in positive moment test, having 200mm slab thickness and D13 reinforcement steel, was increased by 28.4~34.8% comparing 160mm slab thickness and D10 reinforcement steel case. And 22.4~25.1% of yield strength was increased after install bottom reinforcement steel. (3) In negative moment test results showed that the increase of yield strength when the bottom reinforcement installed was 2.0~2.3% in 200mm slab thickness and 2.0~3.0% in 160mm slab thickness. In positive moment test, the increase of yield strength was 22.8~26.7% in 200mm slab thickness due to bottom reinforcement, and 11.4~20.5% in 160mm slab thickness. The reason being bottom reinforcement in negative moment contributes less amount of yield strength compare to positive moment location is that the bottom reinforcement resists compression force where the deck plate has enough strength already.

Recently the construction of residential building faces many difficulties due to the shortage of building materials and works. Simplifying the stage of processing and assembling reinforcing rods and increasing the efficiency of them in reinforced concrete construction can be used to settle the difficulties. In the respect, structural wire-fabric is utilized. The purpose of this study, instead of deformed steel bars, to examine the utilization of slab joint, which is accompanied with a large deformation in the structure subjected to seismic loads, to suggest reinforcing method which is efficient, easily constructible and structurally safe. The results are as follows ; 1. The ductility capacity of continuous slab joints reinforced by welded wire fabric is less than that with deformed bar. But continuous slab joint is reinforced by deformed bar for the longitudinal reinforcement, it is increase strength and ductility capacity. 2. It is recommended that simple cut jointing of welded wire fabric should be avoided in wall-wall joints.

접목묘의 활착촉진을 위해서 활착촉진 시스템 내의 상대습도가 90% 이상으로 균일하게 조절되어야 하는바, 본 연구에서는 초음파 가습기와 전극봉식 가습기를 이용하여 상대습도를 조절할 때 가습방식에 따른 가습입자의 평균 입경과 활착촉진 시스템 내의 상대습도 분포를 분석하였다. 초음파 가습기와 전극봉식 가습기로부터 발생된 가습 입자의 평균 입경은 각각 7.58±0.14, 9.01±0.06 μm로 나타났다. 한편 가습기 토출구로부터의 거리가 증가할수록 가습 입자의 크기가 조금씩 증가하였는데, 이것은 가습기에서 발생된 입자가 토출구로부터 멀어질수록 입자가 서로 결합되어 가습입자의 크기가 조금씩 증가한 것으로 판단된다. 활착촉진 시스템 내의 상대습도를 90%로 설정한 조건에서 초음파 가습기와 전극봉식 가습기를 사용하였을 때 0.4, 1.1, 1.8 m 높이에서의 상대습도는 초음파식의 경우 각각 92.1±5.3, 90.9±5.6, 89.7±6.8%, 전극봉식의 경우 각각 93.4±5.4, 90.7±5.9, 89.3±7.0%로 나타났다. 초음파 가습기에서 발생된 가습 입자가 전극봉식에 비해서 다소 작기 때문에 부유가 쉽게 이루어져 시스템 내에서 상대습도의 공간 분포가 균일하게 나타난 것으로 판단된다.

플러그묘를 대량으로 생산할 수 있는 폐쇄형 묘생산 시스템을 개발하고자 본 연구가 수행되었다 또한 묘소질이 우수한 청장계 오이 플러그묘를 생산하는 데 필요한 적정 광환경 조건을 확립하고자 오이묘의 생장에 미치는 4수준의 광주기(18/6 h, 12/12 h, 9/15 h, 6/18h)와 4수준의 광합성유효광량자속(200, 300, 400, 500μmo1. m-2 .s-1)의 영향을 구명하였다. 인공광하에서 오이 플러그묘의 생장에 미치는 광주기의 영향은 광합성유효광량자속에 비해서 더 크게 나타났다. 폐쇄형 묘생산 시스템에서 생산된 오이묘의 줄기 직경, 지상부와 지하부 건물중, 엽수, 엽폭, 엽장 및 엽록소함량은 대조구에 비해서 유의성이 높게 나타났다. 한편 배축은 대조구에 비해서 유의성이 인정될 만큼 짧게 나타났다. 6/18h의 광주기와 200μmol. m-2 .s-1의 광합성유효광량자속에서 생산된 오이묘의 생장 특성은 자연광하에서 육묘된 경우와 유사하게 나타났다. 단일 식물인 오이의 특성을 고려할 때 상기 결과는 짧은 명기와 낮은 광량에서 묘소질이 균일한 청장계 오이 플러그묘의 생산이 가능함을 의미하는 것이다. 인공광하에서 식물묘를 생산할 경우 소비전력의 60~70%가 조명기구에 소요됨을 고려할 때 이러한 결과는 인공광형 묘생산 시스템을 이용한 오이 플러그묘의 생산에서 소비전력의 절감 방안에 해당하는 것이다.

식물묘의 생장 및 형태형성 제어용 인공광원으로서 조합광 LED 모듈을 제작하여 조합광 LED모듈의 광전기 특성을 분석하고, 광량자 센서와 분광광도계를 이용하여 LED 모듈로부터 조사된 광량자속에 대한 정량화를 시도하였다. 청색과 적생의 단색광 LED로부터 조사된 광량자속을 광량자센서로 측정한 값과 분광광도계로 측정하여 수치적으로 적분한 값을 qly한 결과 거의 일치하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 광량자센서로서 측정이 불가능한 원적색광 LED로부터의 광량자속 정량화에 분광광도계를 적용될 수 있음을 의미하는 것이다. 적생광에 원적색광을 조사하는 LED스틱의 혼합 비율을 달리한 조합광 LED 모듈의 광량지속은 원적색광을 조사하는 LED 스틱이 증가할수록 조합광 LED의 광량자속이 조금씩 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 단위에너지당 조사된 광량지수는 파장에 비례해서 증가히기 때문인 것으로 해석된다. 이밖에 적색과 원적색광 LED 스틱의 조합 비율을 달리하였을 때 조합광 LED 모듈의 조도는 비시감도가 매우 낮은 원적색광이 차지하는 비율이 클수록 낮게 나타났다. 한편 적색광과 원적생광의 혼합 정도가 조합광 LED의 복사조도에 미치는 영향은 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다.

열처리가 분위기 Y(sub)0.7Ca(sub)0.3CrO(sub)3<원문참조>의 치밀화 및 전기적 특서에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1700˚C 공기중에서 12시간 소결된 시편을 1400˚C O2, Air, N2에서 시간의 변화에 따라 재열처리하였다. N2분위기에서 열처리한 Y(sub)0.7Ca(sub)0.3CrO(sub)3<원문참조>의 밀도는 열처리 시간이 증가함에 따라 다음과 같이 변화하였다. 4.5(0hr)→5.35(24hrs)→5.1g/cm3(48hrs). 전기전도도는 열처리 시간이 증가함에 따라 큰변화는 없었으며, 활성화 에너지는 0.16eV로 일정하였다. Air에서 재열처리한 경우 밀도는 거의 변하지 않았으나, 활성화 에너지는 시간에 따라 0.19에서 0.115eV까지 변화하였다. O2분위기에서 열철한 Y(sub)0.7Ca(sub)0.3CrO(sub)3<원문참조>의 밀도는 24시간 열처리후 4.9(g/cm3)로 증가후 일정하였다. 24시간 이상 N 분위기에서 열처리한 경우와는 다르게 기지상과 비슷한 조성의 제 2상의 석출되었으며 24시간동안 열처리한 시편까지는 전기 전도도에 변화가 없었다. 그러나 48시간 동안 열처리된 시편의 전기 전도도는 감소하였고 활성화 에너지는 400K이하에서 0.167eV, 400K 이상에서 0.24eV이었다.

Fe-Ni-Cr 합금의 용융염 부식거동을 650~850˚C 온도범위에서 조사하였다. 용융염 LiCl에서 Cr을 포함하지 않는 KSA(Kaeri Superalloy)-1 합금은 Fe의 내부산화가 발생하고, Cr을 포함한 KSA-4, Incoloy 800H와 KSA-5는 LiCrO2의 치밀한 보호막이 형성되었다. 혼합용융염 LiCl-LiO2O에서 KSA-1은 Fe의 내부산화, KSA-4는 Cr의 내부산화가 발생하였고, Cr 농도가 높은 Incoloy 800H와 KSA-5는 LiCrO2의 다공성 피 이 형성되었다. 혼합용융염 LiCl-Li2O 에서는 Cr 농도의 증가에 따라 부식속도가 증가하였으며, 부식속도는 시간의존선을 8%Cr 이하의 합금에서는 포물선법칙, 8%Cr 이상의 합금에서는 직선법칙을 나타내었다. 이러한 현상은 Li2O에 의한 보호성 산화물 Cr2O3의 염기성 용해기구로 설명할 수 있다.

방사선물질의 수송 및 저장용기 등에 사용되는 에폭시수지계 중섣자 차폐재, KNS-201, KNS-301 및 KNS-601을 제조하였다. 기본물질은 개질 및 수소 첨가된 비스페놀 A형 그리고 노블락형 에폭시수지이며, 첨가제로는 수산화알루미늄 및 탄화붕소이다. 이들 중성자 차폐재들의 열적 및 역학적 성질 및 재방사선성 등을 평가하기 위해 여러 특성시험을 행하였다. 조사된 제반 특성들은 열분해온도;257~280˚C, 열전도도;0.95~1.14W/m.K, 열팽창계수 ;0.77~1.26x10-6˚C-1, 연소특성;800˚C이하, 평균연소시간;5초 이하, 평균연소길이 ;5mm 이하, 인장강도;2.5~3.2Kg/mm2,압축강도:13.2~15.2kg/mm2 굴곡강도:5.2~604Kg/mm2 등을 나타냈다. 전반적으로 개발된 중성자 차폐재들의 관련 특성들이 외국에서 사용되는 중성자 차폐재, NS-4-RF보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 KNS-601의 내방사선성이 KNS-201과 KNS-301보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 KNS-601의 내방사선이 KNS-201과 KNS-301보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

This study was designed to observe the effects of hot water soluble polysaccharides extract(PS) from Lentinus edodes on the enzyme activities related with hepatic function and peroxidation in the rats fed butter yellow. The four groups of male SD rats were fed with the diets contained 15% casein(basal diet ; NO group), added butter yellow(BO group) or/and PS(NP, BP group) for 6 weeks. The activities of γ-GTP and GPT in BP were significantly lower compared with BO. The activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase and lactate dehydrogenase were not significantly different between NP and NO, while those activities were significantly lower value in BP than BO. The activities of glutathione S-transferase of the microsomal and cytosol fractions were significantly low in BP than in BO. The contents of glutathione and malondialdehyde in the liver were considerably low value in BP. In a view of these results the PS of Lentinus edodes prevents the lipid peroxidation and diminishes the liver toxicity caused with butter yellow. The superoxide dismutase activity in cytosolic fraction of liver was not found any effect in all groups. But hepatic function enzyme activities such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase, LDH activities were remarkably decreased in the groups 2(basal diet + PS) and the γ-GTP, GOT and GPT activities, too. In liver, the contents of glutathione decreased by PS supplementation but HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol ratio in plasma decreased at the groups 3, 4. The γ-GTP, GOT and GPT in plasma were remarkably higher in the rats fed the p-DAB than the control group, too. But above enzyme activities significantly decreased in the groups fed PS.

(1-x)CaTi O3-xLa(Z n12/ Ti12/) O3의 마이크로 유전특성을 조사하였다. x가 증가함에 따라 비유전율과 공진주파수의 온도계수는 감소하였으며, Qㆍ f0는 증가하였다. 그 결과 x=0.5인 (C a0.5L a0.5)( Ti0.75Z n0.25) O3의 조성에서 εr=51, Qㆍ f0=38,000 (at 7 GHz), τf=+5ppm/˚C의 유전특성이 나타났다. (C a0.5L a0.5)( Ti0.75Z n0.25) O3조성의 소결온도를 저하시키기 위하여 B i2 O3를 주조성으로한 소결체를 첨가하여 소결 및 유전특성을 조사하였다. 1wt% 0.76B i2 O3-0.24NiO가 첨가된 경우 소결온도는 150˚C 낮아졌으며, 비유전율 (εr), 공진주파수의 온도계수(τf), Qㆍ f0가 각각 50+5ppm/˚C, 35,000인 마이크로파 유전특성이 얻어졌다. 또한 3wt%의 0.76B i2 O3-0.24NiO가 첨가된 경우 소결온도는 200˚C 저하되었고, 비유전율 (εr)과 공진주파수의 온도계수 (τf)는 변하기 않았으나, Qㆍ f0값이 38,000에서 25,000으로 저하되었다. 25,000으로 저하되었다.되었다.되었다.되었다.