‘온누리’는 전라북도농업기술원에서 2006년 육성된 절 화 및 분화용 아시아틱 나리이다. 1999년 오렌지색 품종 인 ‘Avignon’를 모본으로 하고 노랑색 품종인 ‘Nove Cento’을 부본으로 교배하여 얻어진 실생 계통 중 화색과 화형이 안정적인 계통을 ‘A99-6-48’로 선발하였다. 2002~ 2003년 기내 조직배양을 통해 증식하여 포장에서 순화 및 양구하였으며 2004~2005년 2차 특성검정을 통해 ‘JLA99-7’ 계통으로 선발되었고 2006년 최종 선발되어 ‘온누리’는 전라북도농업기술원에서 2006년 육성된 절 화 및 분화용 아시아틱 나리이다. 1999년 오렌지색 품종 인 ‘Avignon’를 모본으로 하고 노랑색 품종인 ‘Nove Cento’을 부본으로 교배하여 얻어진 실생 계통 중 화색과 화형이 안정적인 계통을 ‘A99-6-48’로 선발하였다. 2002~ 2003년 기내 조직배양을 통해 증식하여 포장에서 순화 및 양구하였으며 2004~2005년 2차 특성검정을 통해 ‘JLA99-7’ 계통으로 선발되었고 2006년 최종 선발되어

꾸지뽕나무(Cudrania tricuspidata)는 생약명이 자목(柘木)으로 분류학적으로는 쌍떡잎식물, 쐐기풀목, 뽕나무과, 낙엽활엽수, 소교목 또는 관목이며, 한국(황해이남, 800m 이하)ㆍ일본ㆍ중국에 분포하고 있다. 꾸지뽕나무는 플라보노이드계인 모린, 루틴, 모르찐을 함유하여 항암 효과가 탁월하고 아스파라긴산, 글루타민산, 리보플라빈 등과 비타민 B1, B2, C 등을 함유하고 있다. 그러나 자생 꾸지뽕나무 군락지를 발견하기 매우 어렵고 무차별 남획되고 있는 실정이며, 재배에 관한 기술자료가 미흡하기 때문에 자생지 복원과 함께 소득작물로서의 재배기술 체계를 확립하여 안정생산기반을 마련하고자 재배기술체계 확립 및 주요 문제 병해충 조사를 실시하였으며, 병해충 조사결과 주로 병에 의한 피해로 갈색무늬병이 발생하였으나 피해정도는 경미하였으며, 해충 피해로서 잎에는 5월 초～9월 말에 은줄자나방 유충, 산누에나방 유충, 목화진딧물, 명나방 유충, 꽃에는 6월 초～6월 말에 잎벌레류, 과실은 6월 초～7월 중, 9월 초～11월 초 수확기에는 노린재류, 잎벌레류, 초파리, 노린재등과 다람쥐, 까치 등 조수 피해도 나타났다. 줄기는 5월 초～10월 초에 공깍지벌레, 장수풍뎅이, 말매미, 넓적사슴벌레 등이 발생하여 피해를 주고 있었다.

유색칼라 ‘Black Magic’의 노지와 비가림재배(50％ 차광) 및 구근 크기가 생육 및 구근 비대에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 맹아소요일수는 노지에 비해 비가림 하우스에서 4.2일 단축되었으며 맹아율과 생육은 노지보다 비가림하우스에서 좋았고 구경이 클수록 양호하였다. 노지와 비가림 하우스의 개화수 차이는 없었으나 화경장은 비가림 하우스가 노지에 비해 12.2cm길었으며 구근 크기가 클수록 개화품질이 양호하였다. 연부병 발생률은 노지와 비가림재배에서 각각 19∼83％, 3∼22％로서 노지재배에서 높게 나타났고 구근 비대는 연부병 발생이 적은 비가림재배에서 양호하게 나타났다. 정식시 구근 크기가 증가할수록 구근 비대는 양호하였으며 비가림재배에서의 구경 0.5∼1 cm구는 약 7개월 후에 구중 50.2g,구경 5.7cm로 비대하였다.

In order to produce the high quality of dried-ear mushroom, various drying methods such as hot-air drying at 40~80˚C, freeze drying and drying in vinyl house were carried out. Drying hours of hot-air drying, freeze drying and drying in vinyl house were 12.5~21.5, 36.0 and 72.0 hrs, respectively. Vitamin D2 content of sample was the highest as 6.77μg/g DW in drying in vinyl house and then followed by freeze drying as 5.90μg/g DW and hot-air drying as 1.89~5.01μg/g DW. After dry, external appearance and color of mushrooms applied hot-air drying and drying in vinyl house were better than freeze-dried one. After rehydration, water uptake of sample in drying in vinyl house and hot-air drying at 50~60˚C were 17.8 and 19.3~21.0 times, respectively. The methods of drying in vinyl house and hot-air drying at 50~60˚C also led to high hardness, good shape and resilience. As the results of production of dried-ear mushroom with high quality, we suggest that the best method for drying is the drying in vinyl house due to not only high vitamin D2 content, good external appearance and color after drying but also high hardness and good shape after rehydration.

In order to find out anticancer activity of Korean pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), the cytotoxicity against 8 cell lines including 293 (normal kidney cells) and A-431 (epidermoid carcinoma cells) of extracts by extraction solvents and plant parts were investigated using MTT assay. Also the correlation between content of capsaicin known as anticancer ingredient and cytotoxicity of extracts from pepper were analyzed. The distilled water extracts from seed and germinated seed showed very high cytotoxicity against 6 cancer cell lines including A549 (lung carcinoma cells), AGS (stomach adenocarcinoma cells), HeLa (cervix adenocarcinoma cells), HepG2 (hepatoblastoma cells), HT-29 (colon adenocarcinoma cells), and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma cells). But 80% ethanol and methanol extracts showed cytotoxicity against 293 and AGS. The RC50, that was, the concentration of sample required for 50% reduction of cell viability, of seed and germinated seed extracts against AGS were 33.4~389.1μg/mℓ and 63.9~1,316.7μg/mℓ, respectively, so anticancer activity was higher in seed than in germinated seed. In capsaicin contents, seed with high cytotoxicity and pericarp with a little cytotoxicity contained 47.4~1,260.0μg/g and 58.3~1,498.0μg/g, respectively. As these results, the correlation was not between cytotoxicity and capsaicin content.

This study was conducted to investigate the food value of Cudrania tricuspidata at its various maturation stages. The pH, total acid and reducing sugar contents of its fruit juice were determined to have been 4.2～5.1, 1.4～2.0% and 5.4～8.6%, respectively. The general chemical components of its fruit were observed as 76～80% moisture, 2.2～3.5% crude protein, 1.7～2.9% crude fat, 0.8～1.2% ash and 14.5～16.4% carbohydrate. Its free sugar, glucose and fructose contents were determined. The fructose contents of both its ripened and over-ripened fruits were higher than their glucose contents. Organic acids such as oxalic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid and succinic acid were detected, and the concentration of the malic acid and the succinic acid were found to have been most abundant. The K content was higher than the amounts of other minerals, such as Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na and P. Its vitamin C and the total amount of its dietary fiber were 127.5～149.2 mg% and 22.7～38.7%, respectively. Its insoluble dietary fiber content was higher than its soluble dietary fiber content. Its total polyphenol and flavonoid content were 18.9～19.6 mg% and 40.9～48.2 mg%, respectively.

In order to develop as a natural source of anticancer materials of Cudrania tricuspidata, the cytotoxicity of methanol extracts by harvesting parts and times against 8 cell lines including 293 (normal kidney cells) and A-431 (epidermoid carcinoma cells) were investigated using MTT assay. All harvesting parts had hardly cytotoxicity against 293. And methanol extracts of stem bark and root bark showed very high cytotoxicities against 7 cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity was the highest against HeLa (cervix adenocarcinoma cells) and followed by MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma cells), AGS (stomach adenocarcinoma cells), HT-29 (colon adenocarcinoma cells), HepG2 (hepatoblastoma cells), A549 (lung carcinoma cells) and A-431. By the way, leaf extract had a cytotoxicity against only AGS and ripe fruit extract had no cytotoxicity. Among harvesting times, the cytotoxicity of root bark were high from April to September but that of stem bark showed a little difference. These results showed that anticancer activities of Cudrania tricuspidata extracts were eventful changes by harvesting parts and times.

We investigated antioxidant activity and lignan contents by harvesting times to expand use of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baillon. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of seed was higher than those of flesh but there is not much difference in harvesting times. As RC50 value, that was, the concentration of sample required for 50% reduction of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, was 13.7~24.2 μg/ml in seed thus it showed a high antioxidant activity. Among lignan components, schizandrin content was the highest and followed by gomisin N and gomisin A in all of flesh and seed. Also these components in seed were 4~9 times more contained than those of flesh. All of them were decreased by harvesting times in flesh. But the contents of schizandrin and gomisin N were high in August 3rd and September 15th in seed, respectively. As the results, the seed of S. chinensis had high antioxidant activity and lignan contents so it could be potentially developed as a resource.

In order to product dry goods of Gastrodiae Rhizoma with high quality, tubers were treated with various dry methods such as cutting, drying methods and steaming. In cutting than no cutting, they were shown shorter drying hours and lower drying yield. Drying hours in freeze drying was shorter than those of hot air and far-infrared ray. Total polyphenol content was higher in cutting than no cutting. According to steaming, it was increased in freeze drying but decreased rapidly in the other dry methods. Among all treatments, hot air dry treatment with cutting and no steaming had the highest total polyphenol content. Gastrodin and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol contents generally were similar or higher in cutting than no cutting. By steaming, gastrodin content in freeze drying was decreased but 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol content was increased. But hot-air and infrared ray dry, they were shown opposite results. Gastrodin and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol contents showed opposite reaction to each other and were shown various response by dry methods.

To evaluate the availability of Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau as a natural source of antimicrobials, the antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of harvested parts was investigated using the paper disc diffusion method. The extracts from leaves and root bark had broad antimicrobial activity against various bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis, Vibrio vulnificus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and inhibited Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes, agents of food poisoning especially well. The extract from ripe fruit had a very high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a 20.2 mm of clear zone at 50 mg/mL sample concentration. These results indicated that Cudrania tricuspidata could be used as new source for developing natural antimicrobial agents.

To obtain the information on antioxidant activity by harvesting parts and time in Cudrania tricuspidata Bureau, total phenolic contents, flavonoid contents, superoxide dismutase (SOD) like activity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical scavenging activity of methanol extracts from Cudrania tricuspidata were investigated. Total phenolic contents was the highest in leaf [30.2~38.8 mg/g dry weight (DW)] and followed by root bark, stem bark, fruit, root except bark and stem except bark. Among harvesting time, total phenolic contents of leaf was the highest as 38.1~38.8 mg/g DW in May and June, and then decreased to October. Root bark harvested in April and May contained 26.6~27.8 mg/g DW total phenolic compounds and total phenolic content fell to a very low values at 1.8 mg/g DW in February. Flavonoid contents was very high in leaf and root bark. Especially, root bark harvested in April had the highest of flavonoid contents as 23.2 mg/g DW. As a result of simple linear regression analysis of total phenolic contents on flavonoid contents according to harvesting parts, it showed a high correlation (p 〈 0.001) with 0.57~0.97 R2 (coefficient of determination). As RC50 value, that was, the concentration of sample required for 50% reduction of DPPH absorbance, was 13.7~20.5 μg/mL in leaf so DPPH radical scavenging activity was very high. But SOD like activity of 1,000 μg extract/mL MeOH was a low value of 0.3~9.2% in all samples.

조직배양에 의한 네리네 기내 대량증식 조건을 확립하고자 대량증식 배지선발, 자구비대 및 출현율 향상을 위한 첨가물질, 배양부위별 증식효율 등에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 네리네 기내 대량증식을 위한 생장조정제 처리결과 자구형성수는 단용처리보다 혼용처리에서 효과적이었다. 생장조정제 처리별 자구수에서 Nerine bowdenii ‘Favorite’ 와 Nerine sarniensis ‘Red’ 모두 NAA 0~0.5 + BA 0.5~2.0mg · L-1에서 무처리 1.2개보다 66%~100%향상된 1.8~2.4개로 효과적이었다. 자구비대 및 출현율 향상을 위한 최적 배지원과 농도는 Glucose 7%로 가장 양호한 자구비대 및 순화시기에 관련 없는 높은 출현율을 보였다. 또한 질소원으로는 질산태와 암모니아태 질소 혼용 40mM에서 토양내 자구 출현율이 가장 높았다. 배양부위별 증식효율은 재료 확보가 제한적인 생장점 배양보다는 인편번식 배양이 54배 높은 증식효율을 보였으며, 인편번식 배양을 위한 부위로는 중인편이 양호한 생장 및 가장 높은 자구 형성(1.8개/절편)이 가능하였다.

사철쑥의 수확시기와 부위에 따른 항산화성을 조사한 결과 총 페놀과 프라보노이드 함량은 잎〉종실〉줄기 순으로 낮아졌다. 6월 30일 잎에는 78.8 mg/g DW의 페놀과 78.2 mg/g DW의 플라보노이드가 함유되어 있었다. DDPH에 의한 radical소거능이 50%로 감소되는 시료 농도인 RC50이 6월 30일 잎에서 5.42 μg으로 낮게 나타나 항산화성이 가장 높았다. 이 때 BHA, BHT와 α-tocopherol의 RC50은 각각 3.09 μg, 24.30 μg and 2.87 μg이었다. 또한 종실에서 Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter freundii, Vibrio vulnificus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 등 7종에 대해 항균성이 나타난 반면 잎과 줄기에서는 항균성이 거의 없었다. 수확시기에 따른 종실의 Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio vulnificus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae에 대한 향균성은 8월 30일에 높았으며 Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa에 대한 항균성은 7월 30일에 높았다.

사철쑥 (Artemisia capillaris Thunb.) 재배년수별 생육과 약리성분 함량을 조사한 결과 월동률은 1년생은 95.3%이었으나 2년생은 64.2%로 매우 저조하였다. 초장의 경우 2년생은 123.8 cm로 가장 높았다. 그러나 경수와 분지수는 재배년수에 따른 차이가 크게 나타나 3년생에서 높았다. 3년생은 2년생에 비해 분지수는 많은 반면 초장은 낮았는데 이는 분지의 발달에 따라 영양분이 분산되어 사용되었기 때문으로 추측되었다. 생체중은 3년생에서 200.0 g으로 가장 높았다. 그러나 유효성분인 scoparone이 많이 함유되어 있는 종실의 무게는 2년생에서 109.6g로 높은 반면 3년생은 96.4g으로 낮았다. 일반성분의 경우 1년생은 조단백과 조회분이 많고 2, 3년생은 조지방과 조섬유가 많았으며 특히 줄기의 조섬유 함량이 3년생에서 높았다. 약리성분 함량은 2년생 종실에서 가장 높았는데 scoparone은 6.5mg/g DW, capillarisin은 1.65mg/g DW이 함유되어 있었다.

사철쑥 (Artemisia capillaris Thunb.)의 수확시기 및 부위별 생육특성, scoparone과 capillarisin함량을 조사하여 약리 성분 함량이 높은 수확시기와 부위를 알아본 결과는 다음과 같다. 사철쑥은 7월 30일경 꽃봉오리가 형성되었으며 8월 30일 만개하여 9월에 종자가 성숙되었다. 생육은 8월 30일에 가장 양호하여 생체중과 건물중이 높았다. 특히 이 시기에 엽은 관찰되지 않았고 생체중은 243.7g으로 높았는데 종실의 무게는 109.6g, 줄기의 무게는 134.Is이었다. Scoparone 함량은 종실에 많이 함유되어 있었는데 8월 30일 종실에서 6.50mg/g DW로 가장 높았다. 또한 capillarisin은 줄기에는 존재하지 않았으며 엽과 종실에서 나타났는데 7월 30일 종실에 1.65mg/g DW로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다.