This experiment was carried out for development of environment-friendly agriculture materials to control Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in eggplant. Plant growth investigated the spray at intervals of 7 days after transplanting on 8 environmentfriendly agriculture materials, such as egg-yolk and cooking oil, Results were to be good in the control and neem products. B. tabaci population density adult and nymph was low at the dinotefuran WG chemical treatment, and also low neem products of environment-friendly agriculture material. We have investigated the effect of different concentration of neem products on B. tabaci population density. Yield was high in the dinotefuran WG, and hight in the neem products and papper seed oil, but low in the sophora extracts and Ginko net sarcocarp. In the case of neem products treatment indicated 52 percent yield more than control.

This research was performed to test the effects of oleic acid for the management of greenhouse whiteflies and tobacco whiteflies. Tobacco whiteflies, especially, are the vectors of tomato yellow leaf curl virus on tomato plants. Whiteflies are not only the vectors of various viruses but also the major insect pests that cause direct damages through sucking and induce sooty mold with their sweet dew on tomato plants. There are many eco-friendly management measures including the use of yellow sticky trap and natural enemies such as Eretmocerus eremicus and Amblyseius swirskii. However, these management measures have difficulties to implement in the greenhouse. Therefore, in this research, oleic acid was tested for its effect on the management of whiteflies at various concentrations of 1,000ppm, 2,000ppm, or 4,000ppm. As a result, treatments of 1,000ppm, 2,000ppm and 4,000ppm oleic acid showed the control value of 70%, 76% and 84%, respectively. In another test, treatments of 2,000ppm oleic acid, and control treatment of 1,5000ppm neem oil and 50ppm dinotefuran showed the control value of 82%, 75%, and 75%, respectively. Cost for one application of oleic acid and neem oil for 10a area would be 3,180 Won and 20,150 Won, respectively. As a result, it was assumed that the use of oleic acid would be a appropriate management measure.

We conducted the experiment in order to evaluate the control effect of whitefly using the sticky trap. Both Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum were more attracted to yellow sticky trap than white or blue colored traps. When yellow sticky traps were installed in different height around tomato, catches of B. tabaci were not significantly different among the traps and catches of T. vaporariorum on the traps in the upper position were more than lower position. T. vaporariorum was more attracted to trap when host plant is smaller. The attracted number to yellow sticky traps were not significantly different between whiteflies (B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum) and their parasitoids (Encarsia formosa and Eretmocerus mundus). Yellow sticky trap reduced population density of both B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum by more than 80% on tomato nursery in a screen cage. Population density of whiteflies in greenhouse installed yellow sticky traps was less than one third of that in untreated greenhouse.

Organic materials, such as chitin incubated solution (CIS) combined with neem oil (NO), nano silver silica (NSS), and Bordeaux mixture (BDM), were applied with and without agricultural chemicals (AC) (insecticide and fungicide) to investigate scab and mealybug occurrences and fruit qualities on "Niitaka" pear trees in orchards in 2006. Fruits and leaves grown under CIS+NO without AC had less than 30%, scab occurrence, but CIS+NSS or CIS+BDM without AC had higher scab occurrence. Organic materials with AC decreased the scab to less than 20%. All treatments decreased mealybug occurrences to less than 10%, except for the fruits grown under CIS+BDM without AC. Fruit qualities varied among the treatments. Hunter value a, representing for the redness degree, was higher for fruits treated with CIS+NSS and CIS+BDM without AC than those with AC. Fruits treated with organic materials without AC had greater total phenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as antioxidant capacity in flesh and greater total phenolc compounds and antioxidant capacity in peel than those treated with the AC.

This study was carried out to develop environmental friendly control for major diseases and pests on Boxthorn (Lycium chinense Mill.). Outbreak of Eighteen diseases and pests were found at the Boxthorn organic yards in Chung-nam province. Among them Powdery mildew (Erysiphe polygoni de Cand.), Hypophyllous mold (Pseudocercospora chengtuensis (Tai)), Western flower trips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)), Green peach aphid (Myzus pericae (Sulzer)) and Corn earworm (Helicoverpa armigera) needed to be controled by environmental friendly methods for high fruit yield of organic Boxthorn. In summer(Jun) test Bacilus subtilis QST 713 wettable powder and Sulfur wettable powder were effective and in autumn (Sep.) test Sulfur, Copper hydroxide and Paraffinic oil were relatively effective in Powdery mildew. In Hypophyllous mold control test Paraffinic oil and Bacilus subtilis GB-0365 were effective with above 70% control value. And it was possible to control Western flower trips by natural enemy (Orius laevigatus) by 80% control value. Corn earworm was possible to control by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai GB413 flowable and Bacillus thuringiensis aizawa 0423 wettable powder application above 70%. And Green peach aphid was controllable with environmental friendly materials, such as, Bacillus subtilis (Seoncho), Bacillus subtilis (Jinsami) above 80% and Ginkgo nut extract above 70% control value.

This study carried out to evaluate toxicology of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and Melia azedarach against natural enemies in the laboratory, and the diamond backmoth, Plutella xylostella, on chinese cabbage. In the evaluation of the toxicity on predatory mite of phytoseiid Phytoseiulus persimilis, Hypoaspis aculeifer, Amblyseius cucumeris, A. wormersleyi, A. swirskii, the two plant extracts were classified into moderate selective toxicity as recommended by international organization of biocontrol (IOBC). The mummies parasitic natural enemies, Trichogramma evanescens, Aphidius ervi, Aphidius colemani, Eretmocerus eremicus, Encarsia formosa were found to be relatively safe to the plant extracts except Eretemocerus eremicus. In the field study for the control of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, single spray of C. cinerariefolium indicated that the control effect dropped from 21th days after the spraying. In the 3 times of spray with 7 says intervals, the mortality effect low at the beginning, but increased to 91.1 at 21 days after spraying. Single spray of M. azedarach showed a 96.7% mortality on P. xylostella at 14 days after spraying, and thereafter decreased. In the three times of spray with 7 days intervals of M. azedarach, the mortality of P. xylostella was 100% at 14 days and its effect was maintained to 28 days after treatment. Consequently, it was suggested that M. azedarach be sprayed before C. cinerariaefolium application.

최근 기후온난화로 월동해충인 노린재류의 발생이 증가하여 콩 꼬투리가 형성되는 시기에 콩 포장으로 유입 되어 꼬투리 및 종실을 가해하여 수량을 크게 저하시킨다. 따라서 콩에 노린재류의 약제방제를 하지 않고 친환경적으로 생산코자 콩 생육의 R5(종실비대기)에 망을 피복하여 물리적으로 방제하였다. 방제에 사용된 망은 조수해를 방지하기 위한 무지주 고밀도(3mm) 방조망(오양부직포)으로 하였고, 처리는 무방제, 관행(3회 약제방제), 망 피복으로 하였다. 노린재류 발생밀도는 4.8m2당 무방제에서 약충과 성충 모두 합하여 29.3마리, 망피복 4.0마리, 관행(3회 약제방제)은 알락수염노린재만 1마리 관찰되었다. 노린재류 피해립율은 무방제의 58.4%에 비해 관행(3회 약제방제) 4.6%, 망피복은 6.7%로 크게 낮았다. 처리별 노린재류 방제효과는 망피복 처리가 88.5%, 관행 92.2%로 망피복재배의 방제효과도 인정되었다. 종실수량은 무처리의 ha당 1.7톤에 비해 관행은 3.7톤, 망 피복재배는 3.5톤으로 2배 이상 높았고 약제를 3회 방제한 관행과 큰 차이가 없었다. 콩 생육 단계별 망 피복에 의한 노린재류 피해협율은 R4～R6까지 6.5～7.9%로 큰 차이가 없었으나 피해립율은 R4 (협비대성기)에 6.7%, R5 (종실비대기)에 16.0%, R6 (종실비대성기) 22.7%로 망 피복 시기가 늦어질수록 피해가 많았다. 망피복에 의한 일조량의 조사는 11시부터 17시까지 2시간 간격으로 4회 측정한 결과 11시 83,800Lux, 13시 90,800Lux, 15시 51,200Lux 17시 24,900Lux가 조사되었고, 망 무피복은 각 87,800Lux, 101,000Lux, 53,700Lux 및 27,400Lux로 콩 재배에는 큰 문제가 없어 망피복 재배에 의한 노린재류 방제효과가 인정되었다.

Gamma-ray treatment was used to exterminate nematodes, which were harmful to agriculture. When gamma-ray at the dose range of 5～75 kGy was irrdaidated, nematodes were reduced by 40～50%. When irradiated over 30 kGy, almost nematodes were non-mobile and fluorochromatic reactions showed that 60～80% of nematodes with non-mobility died after irradiation. The results of electron spin resonance spectroscopy suggested that radicals generated by radiolysis could damage to nematodes.

This study was conducted to investigate an effects on ago󰠏chemical alternative materials such as the wood vinegar, a lactic acid bacteria serum, the fermented plant juice, the brown rice vinegar and a Chitosan used for amount and qualities of fruits and to examine the pest protection efficiency for their uses in the apple and pear orchard farms. An apple yields in the orchard cultivated with using the ago󰠏chemical alternative materials without appling the fertilizer and pesticides were decreased at 56% relative to the conventional farming practice method. Also, it was indicated that there was difficult to produce the fruits with marketability because the small sizes of fruits were produced. For the quality of fruits, the brix of apple produced in the orchard cultivated with using the ago󰠏chemical alternative materials was similar, but Vitamin C content was greater than that of the conventional farming practice method. As a results of treating with the wood vinegar, a lactic acid bacteria serum, the fermented plant juice, the brown rice vinegar and a Chitosan instead of applying pesticides, the fruit disease in the Chitosan treatment was a little decreased, but was great occurred in the other treatments compared with the conventional farming practice method. However, it observed that brix and Vitamin C content of apple produced in the Chitosan, brown rice vinegar, fermented plan juice and fish amino acid treatments and in the Chitosan, brown rice vinegar, charcoal power and peat moss treatments were greater than those of the conventional farming practice method, respectively. Over all, it considered that there was very difficult to manage the orchard depended on the ago󰠏chemical alternative materials without appling the chemical fertilizer and pesticides in the apple orchard, but it might be proper to use the ago󰠏chemical alternative materials as an auxiliary means to decrease the appling amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticides. Furthermore, the general effects on the ago󰠏chemical alternative materials to the perennial fruits should be investigated with considering the changes of soil fertility, soil microbial status and natural enemy creatures after treating them for a long time.

메밀의 수량 증대방안의 일환으로 내도복성 및 잡초방제 효과에 대하여 초장 및 수량을 비교 분석하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1 식물왜화제인 C.C.C. 및 TIBA의 왜화효과는 있었으나 수량에 있어서는 이들 두처리구 모두 관행구보다 낮았으므로 왜화를 통한 도복경감과 수량증대 효과는 없었다. 2. 적심의 효과는 3엽기, 5엽기, 7엽기 적심에서 초장의 차이는 나타나지 않았으나 적심시기가 늦으면 늦을수록 수량은 현저한 감소를 초래했다. 3. 도복방지를 위한 지지망 설치구에서는 관행 구보다 약간 수량이 증가하였으나(4kg/10a)실제 농가에서는 적용하기 어렵다고 판단되었다. 4. 메밀 파종 후 2일째에 라쏘 유제를 살포한 결과 방제효과는 뛰어 났으나 초장이 잘 신장하지 못하며 수량도 관행구보다 낮았다. 따라서 메밀 재배에는 제초제의 필요성이 없다고 하겠다. 관행구에서의 잡초발생은 주로 강아지풀, 바랭이, 망초, 개망초, 벼룩 나물 종이 우점 하였다. 5 메밀종 각각의 줄기 경도를 측정한 결과 Fagopyrum urophyllum의 경도가 가장 높았다. 따라서, F. urophyllum의 유전자를 재배품종에 도입하는 육종연구가 요망된다.

본 시험은 율무재배에 있어서 잡초의 초종별 경합양상과 합리적 잡초방제 방법을 구명하기 위하여 율무와 잡초비율을 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4로 이식하여 율무 생육 및 수량에 미치는 잡초의 초종별 경합양상을 보았고, 다음은 포장조건하에서 무제초, 1회 제초제처리, 1회 제초제처리+1회 중경제초, 2회 중경제초, 2회 손제초처리를 두어 잡초의 발생양상 및 이들 처리가 율무의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 1년생잡초를 인위적으로 율무:잡초비율을 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4로 이식하여 이들이 율무의 생육에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과 잡초비율이 크면 클수록 주당분얼수, 주당립수등이 감소하였으며, 1:4구의 수량은 1:1구의 335.4kg/10a에 비해 260.04kg/10a으로 77,7% 밖에 되지 않아 잡초의 발생율이 많을수록 수량이 현저히 감소하였다. 잡초종별 수량에의 영향을 보던 명아주 파종구가 182.6kg/10a으로 피, 바랭이, 쇠비름에 비해 수량감소가 가장 커 율무포장에서는 명아주가 가장 피해가 큰 잡초로 판단되었다. 잡초방제 체계별 잡초발생량은 무처리구가 35.0본/m2인데 비하여 잡초방제체계 평균이 11.8본/m2으로 잡초발생량이 훨씬 적었다. 방제체계별 군락내 광투입량을 보면 2회 손제초체계가 791.9 μmol/m2/sec로서 가장 많았으며, 무처리구에 비해 약 67.6%나 많았다. 방제체계별 수량은 2회 손제초체계가 368.9kg/10a로 가장 많았으며, 그 다음은 제초제방제+중경제초체계 , 2회 중경제초체계 순 이었다. 또한 이들 체계별 군락내 광투입량과 수량과는 r=0.559*의 관계를 보여 광투입량은 수량과 밀접한 관계가 있었다.

1. 더덕 및 참취 포장에 출현빈도로 나타나는 주요 우점 잡초는 더덕포장에서는 바랭이, 여뀌, 씀바귀, 명아주 등이었으며, 참취포장에서는 바랭이, 망초, 깨풀, 쇠비름, 여뀌, 민들레 등이었다. 그리고, 생체중으로 본 주요 우점잡초는 더덕포장에서는 쇠비름, 여뀌, 명아주, 피, 닭의장풀, 바랭이등이었고, 취나물포자엥서는 쇠비름, 여뀌, 피, 털진득찰, 망초등이었다. 2. 더덕포장에서는 쌍자엽 잡초의 생체중이 1133g/m2로 전체 잡초 생체중의 84.9%를 차지하였고 화본과 잡초가 13g/m2로 12.5%, 사초과 잡초가 28g/m2로 2.6%를 차지하여 주로 쌍자엽 잡초가 발생하는 결과를 보였다. 3. 대부분 농황산 처리를 하였을 때 잡초 종자의 발아율이 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 농황산 처리 시간과 잡초발아율과는 잡초종에 따라 차이를 보였다. 4. 쇠비름 건조종자에는 80℃ 3분 처리시 무처리에 비해 50%의 발아억제 효과를 나타냈으며, 150˚이상의 고온에서는 30초 전후의 처리시간으로 100% 발아억제효과를 보였다. 습윤종자가 건조종자에 비해 발아력 상실에 요하는 온도 및 처리시간이 낮거나, 단축되는 경향을 보이며 100℃의 30초 처리시, 쇠비름이 78%의 발아율을 보인 반면, 바랭이는 발아가 전혀 되지 않아 고온에 대한 종자 활력의 감퇴가 쇠비름 종자 보다 바랭이 종자가 더 심하였다.