Recently Korea has shown continuous growth in game, character and animation contents industry. To keep this trend in the future, we need to nurture contents related human resources. One of the good methods to nurture those quality resources is to find potential resources in early times. To do this we need to know their potentiality. To evaluate such potentiality of these candidates, we performed short-term education and evaluated contents functional production capabilities of two groups such as 27 Grade 5 students from 17 schools and 5 Grade 6 students from 5 schools in Nowon-gu, Seoul. With the same evaluation methods, they showed 100 and 95 out of 100. In Contents functional production, two groups showed 4.29 and 3.96 respectively. Therefore, we can contribute contents industry and national competitiveness if we recruit and nurture them in early times.

In this paper, through the relevant syntactic structure and semantic comparison of Chinese and Korean Studies on Modern Chinese function words “De(的)”, “De(的)” was investigated whether has the character of aspect. Through the investigation discovery, Korean language in common and difference on time. In the concrete analysis, this paper also uses Chomsky Government and Binding Theory theory and Barriers theory, analyzes the tree diagram “De(的)” sentence, and through the investigation of the verb “De(的)” analysis, comparison of Chinese and Korean “De(的)” aspect feature. The results are as follows:

Purpose: This study was to find the correlation between exophthalmetry of dominant eye and visual function. Methods: 200 adults without ophthalmophathy and general disease was examined. Used the hertel's exophthalmometer, measure the exophthalmetry dominant eye. Examination with three repetition for visual function element using the accommodaion target, PD meter and Phoropter. Results: For examination value, the exophthalmetry is 13.62±1.07 mm, myopia is – 2.48±1.91, distance exophoria is 3.51±1.78, near exophoria is 5.73±2.44, near point of convergence 9.63±2.82 cm, and near point of accommodation 21.73±10.28 cm. while increased exophthalmetry of dominant eye, the unaided visual acuity, myopia and astigmatism are decreased. On the other hand, distance exophoria, distance esophoria, near exophoria, near point of convergence and near point of accommodation also increased, while exophthalmetry of dominant eye is increased. Conclusions: The relationship between Visual function and exophthalmetry of dominant eye are founded to be statistically significant. And It could be the clinical criteria for prescription binocular inspection.

목적:본 연구는 전통적인 치료와 비교했을 때, 강제 유도 운동치료가 편마비를 가진 뇌성마비 아동의 상지 기능에 미치는 효과를 메타분석을 통해 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법:국내외 검색엔진을 이용하여 자료를 수집하였으며, 2006년∼2013년까지 게재된 14편의 연구를 선정하였다. 선정기준에 적합한 논문을 대상으로 PEDro score를 사용하여 질적 평가를 실시하였으며, 상지기능의 사전-사후 평균과 표준편차, 표본수를 사용하여 메타분석을 실시하였다.결과:선정된 14편의 연구는 PEDro score가 6점 이상이었으며, 연구 참여자는 527명이었다. 효과크기 분석 결과 환측 상지의 운동 능력, 사용빈도 및 질에서는 “큰 효과크기”를 나타내었고 통계적으로 유의한 수준이었다(p<.001). 또한 분리된 움직임, 잡기 능력, 시각 운동 통합 능력에서는 “보통 효과크기”를 나타내었으며 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<.05).결론:강제 유도 운동치료는 전통적인 치료보다 편마비를 가진 뇌성마비 아동의 상지 기능 회복에 있어 더 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. 이것은 임상에서 편마비를 가진 뇌성마비 아동의 상지 기능을 회복하기 위한 치료 방법으로 객관적인 근거가 될 수 있다.

PURPOSES: The purposes are to analyze the pedestrian accident severity and to develop the accident models by arterial road function. METHODS: To analyze the accident, count data and ordered logit models are utilized in this study. In pursuing the above, this study uses pedestrian accident data from 2007 to 2011 in Cheongju. RESULTS : The main results are as follows. First, daytime, Tue.Wed.Thu., over-speeding, male pedestrian over 65 old are selected as the independent variables to increase pedestrian accident severity. Second, as the accident models of main and minor arterial roads, the negative binomial models are developed, which are analyzed to be statistically significant. Third, such the main variables related to pedestrian accidents as traffic and pedestrian volume, road width, number of exit/entry are adopted in the models. Finally, Such the policy guidelines as the installation of pedestrian fence, speed hump and crosswalks with pedestrian refuge area, designated pedestrian zone, and others are suggested for accident reduction. CONCLUSIONS: This study analyzed the pedestrian accident severity, and developed the negative binomial accident models. The results of this study expected to give some implications to the pedestrian safety improvement in Cheongju.

In biomass gasification, efficiency of energy quantification is a difficult part without finishing the process. In this article, a radial basis function neural network (RBFN) is proposed to predict biomass efficiency before gasification. RBFN will be compared with a principal component regression (PCR) and a multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPN). Due to the high dimensionality of data, principal component transform is first used in PCR and afterwards, ordinary regression is applied to selected principal components for modeling. Multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPN) is also used without any preprocessing. For this research, 3 wood samples and 3 other feedstock are used and they are near infrared (NIR) spectrum data with high-dimensionality. Ash and char are used as response variables. The comparison results of two responses will be shown.

목적 : 본 연구는 문항반응이론에 근거한 라쉬분석을 적용하여 뇌졸중 환자의 연하기능 검사를 개발하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 뇌졸중으로 인한 연하장애 환자 153명을 대상으로 5개 영역에 24개 항목으로 구성된 예비 연하기능 검사를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 라쉬분석을 적용하여 대상자 및 항목의 적합도와 항목 난이도, 분리신뢰도, 평정척도 분석 을 실시하였다. 최종적으로 요인분석을 통해 항목의 영역을 분류하였다. 결과 : 153명의 대상자 중 11명이 부적합한 대상자로 판정되었으며, 23개 항목 중 6개 항목이 부적합 판정을 받았다. 부 적합한 항목은 1)폐렴과거력, 2)구강감각, 3)구역반사, 4)비강/구강 역류, 5)삼킴지연, 6)삼킴 후 천명이었다. 항목의 난이도에서 가장 어려운 항목은‘후두거상’으로 나타났으며, 가장 쉬운 항목은‘각성도’로 분석되었다. 연하기능 검사 의 평정척도(0~4점)는 적합한 척도 범주로 분석되었으며, 항목에 대한 분리신뢰도는 .98, 대상자에 대한 분리신뢰도 는 .95로 분석되었다. 최종적으로 요인분석을 통해 4개 영역에 17개 항목으로 구성된 연하기능 검사를 개발하였다. 결론 : 라쉬분석을 적용하여 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 한 연하기능 검사의 신뢰도와 타당도를 입증하였다. 연하기능 검사 의 각 항목들은 임상적으로 환자의 기능과 회복 수준을 세부적으로 파악할 수 있으며, 항목들의 난이도 수준을 고려하 여 중재 가이드라인을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

In recent years, the surroundings of Fire have rapidly changed and citizens need for Fire have been demanding very high. Under these situations, in order for satisfaction to all these demands, Seoul Metropolitan Government Fire Academy(SFA) have only to improve its educational training program as the fire educational training center in Korea. The purpose of this study is to scrutinize current educational training program of SFA and measure the relative weight among the hierarchy of disaster management(prevention and mitigation-prepare dness-response-recovery) by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). The result of this study presents that how many hours must be allocated and set the educational training program with scientific and systematic way of AHP compared the current program of SFA　in 2013. And This study is applied to increase access and comprehension about the AHP and will be able to present guideline for the selection of optimal the educational training of SFA to serve Seoul citizens the best Fire services.

The optimization of dewatering and impregnation soaking (DIS) process for a concentrated Aloe vera product was investigated using Taguchi method in combination with desirability function analysis. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) as osmotic agent was adopted, and soaking temperature (T), immersion time (t), PEG concentration (C), PEG molecular weight (MW), and thickness of Aloe vera leaf slice (x) were selected as affecting variables. L16 (45) orthogonal array was designed by Taguchi method with four parameters such as water loss, solid gain, glucomannan, and anthraquinone contents as objective functions. An overall quality index was transformed from individual objective functions, and was optimized finally. The optimal setting for maximum overall desirability was obtained at 55oC (T), 2 hr (t), 40% w/v (C), 0.5 cm (x), and 4,000 Da. (MW). The obtained overall desirability was 0.7842. The order of affecting factors was T>C>x>MW≈x>t and the experimental results under optimum condition were similar to the prediction of an overall desirability of 0.8384. Also, it was found that the optimized DIS condition could be reproduced for a minimally processed Aloe vera product with high quality.

이 논문은 한육우 사육두수 주기를 분석하고 이 주기를 기초로 한육우 사육두수를 예측하였다. 이를 위해 일정한 주기를 가지고 정점과 저점을 반복하는 싸인함수를 활용하였다. 과거 한육우 사육두수의 주기는 짧게는 5년부터 길게는 12년까지의 패턴을 보여주었고, 이러한 주기는 시간이 흐름에 따라 점차 길어지는 양상을 보여주고 있다. 싸인함수를 활용하여 한육우 사육두수를 추정한 결과, 모형의 적합도가 0.95로 매우 높게 나타났다. 이 모형을 이용하여 한육우 사육두수를 예측한 결과, 사육주기에 따라 약간의 차이가 나지만 저점의 사육두수는 160∼180만두 정도이고 정점의 사육두수는 320만두∼370만두 수준으로 예측되었다. 이러한 예측결과는 사육두수 불안정성에 따른 농가 소득 불안정성을 내포하고 있어 그에 따르는 적절한 정책이 필요함을 시사한다.

2007년 태안에서 발생한 허베이 스피리트호 사건은 연안 해역 안전관리에 대한 중요성을 다시 한 번 일깨워 주었고, 이에 대한 대응방안으로 연안VTS를 우리나라 전 해역에 걸쳐 구축 운영할 계획이다. 이제까지 VTS 기능에 관한 이론적인 고찰은 있었으나, 연안VTS의 기능에 관한 실증적인 연구는 없었다. 이에 본 연구는 현재 운영되고 있는 진도 연안VTS 운영성과를 분석하고, 사고예방 사례를 조사하여 연안VTS의 기능에 관하여 조사하였다. 연안VTS는 관제구역이 넓어 해상교통 특색이 장소마다 상이하며, 집중 관제를 필요로 하는 곳이 많았고, 통항선박 중 어선과 같은 비관제 대상 선박이 다수를 차지하여 이들의 관제가 중요한 것으로 조사되었다. 그리고 선박 운항자의 집중도가 항내보다는 떨어지므로 인적과실에 의한 사고 개연성이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 연안VTS는 항만VTS와 같이 정보제공, 항행지원, 교통관리의 역할을 주로 하고 있지만, 수색구조 지원, 해상 보안, 해상치안 업무, 해양오염 대응, 비관제 대상 선박 업무 및 수상레저 안전관리 등의 기능이 강화되는 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 차량 이동하중을 받는 손상된 콘크리트 슬래브교량의 강성저하를 규명하고, 복합신소재를 사용하여 보강 후 성능평가를 수행한다. 특히 마이크로 유전알고리즘에 의한 역해석에 기반하여 보강 전·후 각 요소에서의 강성변 화를 수정된 2차변수 Gaussian 분포함수를 사용하여 정식화하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법은 기존의 요소기반 접 근 방식에 비하여 수치해석적인 관점에서 효율성을 갖는다. 개발한 알고리즘은 3차원 솔리드 요소를 사용하여 모델 링한 교량의 동적 거동 시뮬레이션으로부터 계측한 데이터를 사전정보로 사용하여 검증하였다. 몇 가지 수치예제는 본 연구에서 개발한 방법이 실제교량과 수치모델간의 차이로 인한 오차 및 노이즈 등으로 인한 동적 계측치 오류 등이 고려되었음에도 강성분포 추정 및 성능 평가를 효율적으로 수행함을 보여준다.

시각자료는 과학교과서의 주된 구성 요소이며, 학습자에게 과학적 개념을 효과적으로 이해시키는 매개체가 된다. 본 연구에서는 제7차 교육과정에 따른 중학교 과학 교과서 지구과학 분야에 사용된 시각자료의 유형과 기능 및 구조를 분석하였다. 시각자료 유형에서는 사진과 삽화의 비율이 그래프와 표에 비해 매우 높게 나타났다. 시각자료의 기능에서는 예시적 기능과 보충적 기능의 비율이 높게 나타난 반면, 장식적 기능, 설명적 기능, 탐구적 기능의 비율은 낮게 나타났다. 시각자료의 구조에서는 단독의 비율이 다중에 비해 압도적으로 높았다. 또한 다중 구조에서 짝은 주로 대비에, 연속은 주로 순서를 표상하는데 사용되고 있었다. 시각자료의 유형, 기능, 구조 모두 교과서에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 학교 과학에서 시각자료의 교육학적 의의에 대한 보다 나은 이해를 위해 지구과학 분야에서 시각자료의 기능과 구조에 대한 기호학적 연구를 제안하였다.

This paper presents the optimization steps with weight and importance of estimated characteristic values in the multiresponse surface analysis(MRA). The research introduces the shape parameter of individual desirability function for relaxation and tighening of specification bounds. The study also proposes the combinded desirability function using arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means considering the measurement unit and numerical pattern.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise therapy on physical function of patients with anklyosing spondylitis (AS) through the systemic review and meta-analysis. The 54 studies were identified from computerized search of published researches on PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, KISS, KERIS database until February, 2008 and review of reference lists. The main search terms were the combination "ankylosing spondylitis", "exercise", "spondyloarthropathy and exercise", "ankylosing spondylitis and physical therapy". The subgroup analysis was performed by the publication year, quality score, type of disease, content of intervention, intervention provider, type of intervention, method of intervention, intervention period and the point of outcome measured. Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed the quality and extracted the data. The result was as follows: The 10 trials were eligible for inclusion criteria, then the systematic review and meta-analysis was assessed on effectiveness of exercise therapy. The meta-analysis of 10 studies based on the random effect model showed that the exercise therapy was beneficial in treating the diseases (effect size .55; 95% confidence interval -.3.75~.61). The findings suggest that the exercise therapy would be appropriate to manage the physical function of AS with evidence based on Meta-analysis. Therefore, the exercise therapy supervised by physical therapist should be recognized as the essential approach to manage the AS and necessarily recommended to improve physical function.

Purpose : To compare the visual function at near and to obtain the useful clinical data for diagnosis and prescription of relieving prism. Methods :The 88 subjects, 64 males and 24 females, mean age of 25.1±4.8. were recruited. Subjective refraction, amplitude of accommodation. relative accommodation, near point of convergence(N.P.C). fusional vergence, stereopsis, AC/A ratio, fixation disparity parameters, dissociated phoria and associated phoria were measured by using various charts, and prism prescription by criteria was compared. Results : 9.05±1.660 of amplitude of accommodation by minus Jens addition, 7.39±4.40 cm of NPC. 2.29±0.310 of NRA and -3.04±0.90 of PRA were measured respectively. Break point and recovery point of negative fusional vergence were 21.63±5.856 and 12.81±4.656 respectively, and those of positive fusional vergence were 22.41±6.97 6 and 12.21±4.926. In cases of stereopsis measured with Borish vectographic nearpoint card II. 61.21±60.65" with real contour ring chart and B6.74±175.5b" with l<andom dot E chart were measured and there were significant differences between the values(t = -4.815. p = 0.000). ln the dissociated phoria test using 3 types of card, mean dissociated phoria were -3.04±4.666 (8orish card). -2.71±4.886(Howell card) and -3.04±4. 796(Modified Thorington). The highest phoria was measw·ed with Borish card adopting prism add method. There was significance between Borish card and Howell card(t = -2.437. p = 0.017), but no significance between Borish card and Modified Thorington card or among three cards found. In the associated phoria test. mean associated phoria was -0.66±1.87 6(Borish card). -0.76±1.956 (8ernell slide). -0.69±1.796 (Saladin card) and -2.05±3.55 (Wesson card) the highest exo-phoria. Statistical significance was found. only when Wesson card is included(F = 6.645. p = 0.000). Oissociated phoria( -0.67±1.856) and associated phoria(-3.40±4.666 ) by Borish card(t = -6.858. p = 0.000) were showed significant difference. Gradient AC/A ratio using S±l.OOD is below ; 3.20±1.62.6 "'~th Borish card. ~.05±1.456 wilh Howell card, 2.76±1.19/\ with Modified Thorington. There was no significant difference. Fixation disparity parameters were X -intercept -2.05±3.556 . Y-intercept -3.09±4.59' and slope -0.83±0.81 '. according to Ogle's four types fixation disparity curve type, the order of type was I type, ffitype, Ntype, II type and so for1h.In the comparison of prescriptions by Sheard's criterion, Percival's criterion and associated phoria, exo-phoria and eso-phoria needed prism prescription only in associated Phoria. Conclusions : Stereopsis, dissociated phoria and associated phoria varied with cards. In that reason. examination, diagnosis, prism prescription of subjective symptoms on phoria have to consider the card used and criteria adopted, and the card to be used is need to be adopted in compliance with criteria after understanding character of each card.