본 연구는 우리나라의 중요한 조경소재로 과도한 남획 및 서식지 변경으로 개체군이 급격히 파괴되어 위협에 처해있는 호랑가시나무를 대상으로 자생지와 자생지 인근의 식재지를 대상으로 잎의 형태적 특성을 분석하였다. 엽 형태변이의 분석결과, 엽장 0.9cm~11.8cm, 엽폭 0.4cm~7.7cm, 엽병장 0.2mm~13.0mm, 엽 면적 0.7cm2~46.7cm2 및 결각수 1~13개로 나타났다. 주로 잎의 모양, 결각의 수, 잎의 색 및 열매의 색등에 의해 구분하는 호랑가시나무의 재배품종을 자생지와 식재지에서 구분을 시도한 바, 절부암('Cholbuam'), 인천('Inchon'), 순천('Sun Chun')등 총9종류의 재배품종과 1종류의 교잡종으로 식별하였다.

두류의 품종별 담배거세미나방의 유충사육에 따른 용발육 및 성충수명에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 담배거세미나방의 용기간은 8.7~9.5얼로 강낭콤 및 동부에서 짧았으며, 두유콩, 새알콩 및 선화녹두에서 길었고, 암컷의 용기간이 수컷보다 약 1일 짧았다. 전용기간은 약 1.7~2.0일이었으며, 후용기간은 약 6.7~7.7일 이있다. 용무게는 0.23~0.38g 으로 암컷이 수컷보다 약간 무거웠다. 용무게의 변화율은 검정공-1호에서 11%로 가장 낮았으며, 부광콩에서 16%로 가장 높았다. 성충수명은 약 7.8~11.2일로 강낭콩에서 가장 짧았으며, 부광콩에서 가장 길었고, 암컷의 수명이 수컷보다 약간 긴 경향이었다. 엽수분과 용이간, 용무게 및 성충수명과는 유의한 관계가 인정되었다.

두류 품종별 잎특성에 따른 담배거세미나방 유충의 발육과 식엽량을 조사하였다.유충 기간은 검정콩 l호에서 11.5일로 가장 짧았으며, 대광땅콩에서 15.7일로 가장 길어어 두류 품종에 따라 현저한 차이가 있었다. 유충의 영기별 발육기간은 l령에서 3 .2~5.0일로 가장 길였으며, 4령에서 1.0- I.5일로 가장 짧았다. 유충의 식엽량은 영기가 증가함수록 현저하게 증가하여 마지막 6 령기 동안의 식엽량이 유충기간 총 식엽량의 약 55~74%를 차지하였다. 그리고 유충의 성별 식엽량은 수컷보다 암컷에서 많은 경향이었다. 하지만 유충의 사망율과 성비는 두류 품종별 식엽량과는 관련이 없었다.

Several benefits provided by white clover (Tnifoliurn repens L.) can be elevated as relationship between its morphological and physiological characteristics is clarified. The experiment was done to analyze the relationship between them in the clover with

고려인삼(Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) 잎 중의 가용성 invertase를 탈이온수로 추출한 후 황산암모늄 0, 4∼0.6 포화획분에 의하여 조제하였으며 이의 효소화힉적 성질을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 효소의 최적 pH와 온도는 pH 6.0과 40℃ 였으며 pH 6.0∼8.0 범위와 40℃ 이하에서 안정하였다. Protease 및 단백질 변성제 처리에 의하여 활성이 현저히 저하되었으며 glycosidase에 의해서는 저해를 받지 않았다. 본 효소는 sucrose와 inulin 등의 β-fructofuranoside 결합을 가진 기질에 특이적으로 작용하여 전형적인 β-fructofuranosidase의 성질을 나타내었다.

Chrysanthemum boreale Makino (C. boreale) is widely distributed in Asian countries, and has traditionally been used to treat various inflammatory diseases including bronchitis. In this study, we aimed to isolate biologically active compounds from leaves and stems of C. boreale. Chemical components were purified by column chromatograpy and recyclic HPLC, and characterized from their spectral data (IR, MS, NMR). Biological activity experiments were conducted for Farnesyl-protein transferase (FPTase) activity, apoptosis and nitirc oxide (NO) release. As a results, three sesquiterpene lactones were isolated. Compound 1 (4-methoxy-8-O-acetyl-10-hydroxy-2,11(13)-guaiadiene-12,6-olide) showed strong cytotoxic activities having an average growth inhibition of 50% (GI50) value of 1.89 ㎍/㎖against human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Compound 1 also showed a low half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 10 ㎍/㎖ for NO release. In the caspase 3 activity, compound 1 and compound 2 (8-O-(2-carbonyl-2-butyl)-3,10-dihydroxy-4,11(13) -guaiadiene-12,6-olide) exhibited 94% and 90% apoptosis inhibition activity, respectively. Compound 3 (4,8-O-diacetyl -10-hydroxy-2(3),11(13)-guaiadiene-12,6-olide) showed a strong inhibitory effect on FPTase activity with 90% inhibitory activity at a concentration of 100 ㎍/㎖. These results clearly show the presence of lactone compounds in the leaves and stems, which may partially contribute to the pharmacological activity of C. boreale.

본 연구는 우리나라에 자생하고 있는 팥배나무 11개 집단으로부터 잎의 형태적 특성과 변이를 조사하여 조경수로서의 팥배나무 선발 및 육종에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 잎의 형태적 특성 12개를 조사하고 집단 간 차이를 비교한 결과 11개 특성에서 유의적인 차이가 인정되었다. 특히 잎의 길이와 너비, 엽면적 등 잎 크기와 관련된 인자들은 마니산 집단이 모두 상위그룹에 속하여 비교적 큰 경향을 나타냈으나, 백운산과 두륜산은 하위 그룹으로 분류되어 비교적 작은 경향을 나타냈다. 주성분 분석을 실시한 결과 제1 주성분은 29.9%의 설명력이 있으며 엽면적, 잎의 너비, 잎의 길이 순으로 높은 상관을 나타내어 잎의 형태적 차이를 설명하는 주요 요인으로 나타났고, 제5 주성분까지 72.9%의 누적 설명력을 나타냈다. 제5 주성분까지의 득점치를 새로운 변량으로 하여 유집분석을 실시한 결과 Ⅰ그룹인 광교산과 안면도 집단, Ⅱ그룹인 덕유산 등 3집단, Ⅲ그룹인 발왕산 등 3집단, Ⅳ그룹인 가지산과 축령산 집단, Ⅴ그룹인 마니산 집단 등 5개 그룹으로 분류되었고, 지리적으로 인접 집단 간의 구분은 명확하게 이루어지지 않았다.

Background : The roots of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf are used as medicines such as expectorants, and they are edible. Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf currently has a very small cultivation area, and there are no breeding cultivars, most of the native species are cultivated in the farm house. Therefore, it is important that identification of collecting species characteristic in order to breeding strategy. In this study, morphological features of the leaves and stems of the collecting species in the area were observed. Methods and Results : The morphological characteristics of mansam collected from three areas including Cheolwon (41 accession), Jeongseon (19 accession), and Pyeongchang (15 accession) were investigated at the flowering stage on leaf and stem. As a result of investigation of leaf characteristics, The leaf shape was the most frequent with 78.9% in the kidney type, 8.5% in the cardiac type, 7.0% in the wide-elliptical type, and 2.8% in the egg and egg-oval type. The leaf length was the most frequent with 67.1% in case of short, 28.6% in case of middle, and 4.3% in case of long. The leaf width was 67.1% in case of middle, 30.0% in case of broad, and 2.9% in case of narrow. Leaf hair was 47.1% in case of plenty, 27.1% in case of middle, and 25.7% in case of small number. The degree of greenness of the leaves was 60.0% in case of middle, 31.4% in case of darkness, and 8.6% in case of lightness. The degree of pigmentation of anthocyanin in petiole was 41.4% in case of lightness, 31.4% in case of darkness, and 27.1% in case of middle. As a result of investigating the characteristics of stem, The presence and absence of hair on the stem was 95.7% in case of little, 2.9% in the middle, and 1.4% in case of plenty. The degree of staining of anthocyanin in the stem was 42.9% in case of middle, 30.0% in case of darkness, and 27.1% in case of lightness. Conclusion : We intend to use this data as a basic data for cultivating varieties by supplementing investigation of traits such as expansion of collection area and investigation object and flower shape in the future.

In the growth of the Rubus coreanus Miquel fruits, the unripened (10 days) and ripened (25 days) fruits after flowering were harvested. The chemical characteristics of different maturational stages of the unripened and ripened fruits were investigated. Total amount of phenolic compounds was 4.00-7.56% in the unripened fruits and 3.78-5.57% in the ripened fruits, respectively. Furthermore, total amounts of organic acids such as malic, citric, succinic, and oxalic acids were 16.40 mg/ 100 g in the unripened fruits and 28.82 mg/100 g in the ripened fruits, respectively. In organic acids of the unripened and the ripened fruits, citric acid (8.76-15.47 mg/100 g) was the highest amount among other organic acids. Soluble sugars were significantly increased from 11.07 to 21.54% in the unripened and ripened fruits. Therefore, ripened fruits had the high levels of phenolic compounds, organic acids and soluble sugars. For the biological studies of R. coreanus, methanol extracts of R. coreanus leaves, fruits, and stems were evaluated for their insecticidal activities against Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Plutella xylostella (Lepioptera: Plutellidae) and Spodoptera litura (Lepioptera: Noctuidae) by leaf dipping method. From these results, the extract of R. coreanus leaves revealed potent insecticidal activity against P. xylostella. However, the methanol extracts of R. coreanus fruits and stems had no any insecticidal activity against M. persicae, P. xylostella and S. litura. The R. coreanus leaves have promising potential as new insecticidal agent against P. xylostella.

Background : Aerial parts of Angelica gigas were studied in order to develop as functional pigment. The extracts were evaluated for physicochemical properties and biological activity. Methods and Results : Aerial parts of Angelica gigas were extracted by the rate of ethanol and distilled water. The extracts were evaluated for physicochemical properties by chromaticity, total sugar content, free sugar content, acidity, chlorophyll and carotenoids contents. Total sugar and acidity were 0.90 brix and 2.84% respectively. Chlorophyll and carotenoids contents were 0.24 and 0.04% respectively. The extracts were evaluated for biological activity by anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetes activity. Cell viabilities were measured by MTT assay. Effect of extracts on nitric oxide (NO) production from RAW264.7 cells was accessed by Griess reagent assay. Extracts to RAW 264.7 cells reduced amounts of nitrite by 76.0%. Conclusion : These results suggest that aerial parts of Angelica gigas Nakai may be useful pigment for anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetes activity.