Many studies utilizing dogs, cats, birds, fish, and robotic simulations of animals have tried to ascertain the health benefits of pet ownership. some research has associated viewing fish in aquariums with positive well-being outcomes; as there is no physical contact with the animal, this form of interaction carries less risk. From the points mentioned above it is clear that having an aquarium can significantly influence life and health. Aquariums can heal a stressed out body and mind making it clear of all unwanted thoughts which reduces the stress and blood pressure. Watching beautiful fishes swim in the aquarium provides a break to the viewer from all the routine work in life and cause a sense of relaxation or calmness. It helps kids to gain knowledge about a variety of fishes and learn how to care for them. Hyperactive kids become quiet and calm. These positive effects on health are caused due to secretion of neurochemicals influenced by gazing at colorful active fishes swimming in the tank. The remaining studies involved novel interactions with fish in home or public aquariums. Outcomes relating to anxiety, relaxation and/or physiological stress were commonly assessed; evidence was mixed with both positive and null findings. Preliminary support was found for effects on mood, pain, nutritional intake and body weight, but not loneliness. All studies had methodological issues and risk of bias was either high or unclear. Review findings suggest that interacting with fish in aquariums has the potential to benefit human well-being.

본 연구는 2009년부터 2018년 최근 10년간 대한간호학회지와 분과학회지에 게재된 개념분석 연구의 통합적 문헌고찰 연구이다. 총 30편의 논문을 간호의 메타패러다임, 개념의 종류, 개념분석 방법, 활용정도 등 분석하였다. 결과로 간호의 메타패러다임은 인간 23편, 간호 5편, 건강 1편, 환경 1편으로 인간이 가장 많았으며, 개념의 종류는 모두 추상적인 개념으로 확인되었다. 개념 분석 방법으로는 워커 & 아벤트가 13편, 하이브리드 방법이 10편, 진화론적 방법이 7편으로 워커 & 아벤트 방법이 가장 많았으나 2018년도 이후에는 모두 하이브리드 방법이었다. 도구개발로의 진행은 확인되지 않았다. 연구 결과를 토대로 간호패러다임의 다양성과 이를 바탕으로 한 도구 개발도 필요하다.

With few reported cases, cystic hygroma is known to occur mainly in patients under the age of two years. Cystic hygroma can eventuate in any area; however, it mostly occurs in the cervicofacial area. If cystic hygroma occurs in this area, then the lesion may be related to the vital structures. Therefore, a complete surgical resection may be impossible and difficult to perform. This incident affects the high recurrence rate of cystic hygroma. The purpose of this report is to present a case of cystic hygroma occurring on the left side of the neck of a 47-year-old male patient as well as a review of literatures.

Anecdotal reports indicate that maladaptive patterns of Internet use constitute behavioral addiction. Internet addiction is characterized by unrestrained and awfully controlled engrossment or behaviors regarding internet access that lead to impairment, stress, dimensionally measured depression, indicators of social separation and anguish. By reviewing and analyzing approximately 100 articles we present evidence that are able to provide an overview of the main themes and proclivity covered by existing and relevant studies. The vital detection of this research unveils that many factors related to social, demographic, lifestyle changes related constructs have a bearing on the phenomenon of internet addiction strongly. This study not only reached certain conclusions for both theory and practice, but also defined future lines of research according to the gaps detected by the study’s results. The main findings from this literature, though not conclusive, but will help the researcher and policymakers to obtain a better understanding and description of the problem faced by the youth and necessary to develop some remedies to lessen the addiction phenomenon.

마사 C. 누스바움(Martha C. Nusbaum)은『정치적 감정』(Political Emotions) 에서 공적 자산으로서 정치적 감정의 중요성을 다루고 있다. 누스바움은 연민과 공감이라는 인간 이해의 감정이 배제된 신자유주의 사회의 문제점을 제기하며, 바람직한 사회로의 변혁을 위해 문학을 포함한 예술적 상상력을 통한 사랑의 감정 소환을 주장한다. 그녀의 정치·철학의 바탕이 되는 주제어인 정의, 사랑, 정치적 감정은 ‘e pluribus unum’으로 표상된다. ‘e pluribus unum’은 ‘여럿이 모여 하나’라는 뜻으로, ‘품위 있는 사회’로의 발전을 위한 정치적 대안으로 나타난다. 누스바움은 보편적 인간의 사랑이라는 공적 감정을 강조하면서도 종교의 역할을 의식적으로 배제한다. 그녀가 제안하는 온전한 정의로운 사회는 인간 중심의 세속적 사회에 한정된다. 그러나 존재에 대한 궁극적 관심과 우주의 시원적 세계에 관심을 가지는 인간을 배제한 품위 있는 사회는 온전하다고 보기 어렵다. 문학과 예술적 상상력의 사랑에 편중하고 종교적 상상력의 사랑을 배제한 누스바움의 정치철학은 인간 감정과 삶의 조건을 단순화시켰다는 한계를 보인다.

This study aims to investigate the food preservation methods adopted by the Joseon Dynasty, which existed before the 17th century. A total of 232 food preservation methods were discovered in 25 books, and could be classified by their targeted food types: vegetables (84), sea foods (60), meats (41), fruits (37), and others (10). Depending on the preservation method applied, they are classified as food drying, soaking, mud cellar preservation, and other preservation. Food drying is further classified into 8 sub-types: drying, sun-drying, shadow-drying, wind-drying, dry heat, combined drying, smoking, and others. Soaking could be sub-divided into using salt, ash, dry sand, bran, fermented paste, wet distillers grains, oil, and others. Mud cellar preservation is sub-classified into installing shelf inside the mud cellar, making the mud cellar for food preservation, and making hole or underground tunnel for food preservation. Other food preservation methods include minimizing moisture loss by applying beeswax on a section of the vegetable stem, and cutting the vegetables or fruits with their branches and leaves for food preservation.

Kombucha is a fermented tea manufactured by adding various microorganisms and sugars to brewed herb tea such as green tea and black tea. Its components and functions vary depending on ingredients, inoculated microorganism compositions, and fermentation conditions. Therefore, this study aims to examine which conditions affect kombucha properties and how these features are affected. Types of substrates, specifically plant-based foods, alter profiles of polyphenol, organic acids, carbohydrates, and protein amounts in kombucha. Long fermentation time raises polyphenol contents and high fermentation temperatures increase sourness in kombucha. Microbial composition of SCOBY, which is the symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast used to inoculate microorganisms, change the kombucha microbiome that contributes to the chemical composition and functions of kombucha. Several studies have discovered that kombucha has health beneficial functions such as antioxidant activity, hepatic protective effects, antimicrobial effects, anti-diabetic effects, anti-inflammatory effects, and cholesterol reducing effects. These findings indicate that kombucha has high potential as a health functional food. However, future studies are needed to further determine the relationship of manufacturing conditions and functional properties of kombucha.

This study reviewed the literature on the changes in Maekjeok, Seoryamyeok and Neobiani. Choi Nam-sun first mentioned the Maekjeok in「Maeilsinbo」 as a “Buyeo·Goguryeo” style meat roast in 1937. Maekjeok was assumed to be made of various kinds of meat, including wild boars, and it was seasoned and baked as a whole. Seoryamyeok is a royal food found in Uigwe of the Joseon Dynasty and meat that was also eaten in the private sector. In 1609, the ingredients for the dish were pork, but beef was later used. The recipe has been simplified since the 19th century. Neobiani is known as royal cuisine, but it does not appear in official records. The first known record thus far is ‘Neobiani’ in「Siuijeonseo」. On the other hand, ‘Neobuhalmi’ which was presumed to be the same food as ‘Neobiani’, was found in a「Dictionnaire Coreen- Francais」(1880). In addition, ‘Neobiani’ was found in「A Korean-English dictionary」(1897). From Maekjeok, followed by Seoryamyeok and Neobiani, Korean roasting meat culture has a common feature of roasting pre-sauced meat, and this trait has continued to bulgogi.

Squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) is a relatively rare, benign, small (rarely > 1.5 cm in diameter), but locally infiltrative and occasionally aggressive odontogenic epithelial lesion that appears to have harmatomous and neoplastic characteristics [1]. SOT is often asymptomatic, although it can present with mildly painful gingival swelling or tooth mobility. Radiographically, SOT is usually visualized as an irregularly or triangularly shaped unilocular radiolucency associated with the lateral roots of teeth. We report a case of the squamous odontogenic tumor occurring in a 60-year-old female in the right posterior maxilla with unusual radiographic and clinical appearances.

본 연구는 지난 50년간 (1969~2018년) 우리나라 연안 - 하구에서 수행된 어류먹이원 분석과 관련된 논문을 수집하여 현황을 파악하였다. 확인된 연구논문은 총 101편 이었으며, 이 중 국내 학회지에 발표된 논문은 81편, 보고서는 6편 그리고 국제 학회지에 발표된 논문은 14편 이었다. 발표된 연구 논문을 10년 단위로 나누어 보면, 1990~1999년에 21편 (19.4%; 2.1편±3.0/년 [평균±표준 편차]), 2000~2009년에 26편 (24.1%; 2.6편±2.3/년) 이후 크게 증가하여 2010~2018년에는 52편 (48.1%; 5.8편±2.3/ 년)의 논문이 출판되었다. 국내 연안 - 하구에서 어류먹이원 분석을 수행한 조사수역의 해역을 방위 (남해, 남 - 동해, 동해, 서해)로 나누어보면, 남해에서 65편 (69.1%)으로 가장 많은 연구가 이루어졌다. 그 뒤를 동해가 13편 (13.8%), 서해와 남 - 동해에서 각각 8편씩 (8.5%) 연구가 수행되었다. 조사 지역의 분포를 보면 광양만에서 18편 (24.3%)으로 가장 많은 연구가 수행되었으며, 가덕도에서 8편 (10.8%)으로 그 뒤를 이었다. 출간된 논문의 방법론적 특성을 보면, 먹이원 중요도나 생태적 지위의 범위를 나타내주는 지표 를 계산하는 방법은 총 14가지가 사용되었으며, 이 중 가장 많이 사용된 지수는 IRI (Index of relative importance) 와 Pi (Prey-specific abundance)였으며, E (electivity index) 와 Bi (dietary breadth index)가 그 뒤를 이었다. 총 11가지 통계적 방법을 사용하였으며 이 중 correlation analysis와 Bray-Curtis similarity matrix를 가장 많이 적용하였다. 생태학적 연구 주제 변화를 살펴보면 초기 논문들은 계절적 또는 조사 지점별 차이에 초점을 맞추고 있었으나, 2000년도 이후부터는 국제 학회지에 출판되기 시작한 논문들은 종간 경쟁 (competition), 동소성 (sympatric), 생태직위중첩 (niche overlap) 등과 같은 세부적인 생태학적 연구가 이루어졌다. 국내 학회지에 출판된 논문들의 경우 다소 정형화 된 형태로 연구가 수행되고 있었으며 조사되지 않은 종에 대한 기초자료 제공 형태가 주류를 이루고 있었는데, 향후 국내 학회지에 발표되는 연구논문에서도 종간 경쟁, 먹이 망 구조 파악 등과 같은 생태학적 주제를 반증할 수 있는 연구 방향이 지향되어야 할 것이다.

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign salivary gland tumor. Being pleomorphic, its histologic characteristics can be considerably varied, showing epithelial (ductal and non-ductal) cells and mesenchyme-like tissues (chondroid, myxoid, and osseous). Here, we present a rare case of a 76-year-old female presenting with a 2.0 cm PA with an epidermoid cyst of minor salivary glands on the soft palate.

목적 : ‘치매관리법’에 따라 전국적으로 치매안심센터가 설립되고, 치매 관련 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 전문 인력의 요구도 증가되고 있다. 하지만 치매안심센터 조기검진팀의 구성원으로 작업치료사는 배제되어 있다. 따라서 치매안심센터 조기검진팀 구성원으로서 작업치료사의 필요성과 중요성을 알아보고자 하며, 이에 근거 자료를 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 치매 평가영역에서 작업치료사의 역할에 대한 문헌을 중심으로 고찰하였으며, 작업치료사가 시행하는 평가도구 및 평가영역에 대하여 국내 및 국외 연구, 보건복지부 치매정책 관련 자료집과 치매센터 책자를 통하여 자료를 수집하였다. 치매안심센터 조기검진팀에서 시행하는 선별검사 및 신경인지검사와 작업치료사가 주로 사용하는 인지관련 평가도구의 항목들을 분석하였다. 결과 : 작업치료 수행영역에서 인지ᆞ지각영역의 평가 및 치료는 중요도나 수행도 측면에서 상위에 위치한다. 치매안심센터의 평가와 작업치료사들이 임상에서 사용하는 평가는 6가지 인지영역(기억력, 시공간 능력, 집중력, 실행능력, 계산능력, 언어능력)에서 중복되어 사용되고 있다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 작업치료사는 인지ᆞ지각 평가 영역에서 충분한 자질을 갖추고 있는 전문가임을 제시 하였기에 치매안심센터 조기검진팀의 구성원으로 포함되어야 하는 근거자료가 될 것이다. 본 연구는 앞으로 보건복지부에 치매정책관련 개정사항으로 의견 제출 시 유용하게 활용 될 것이다.

Pseudosarcomatous fibromatosis (PSF), also known as nodular fasciitis and pseudosarcomatous fasciitis, is a rare, benign proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. It is often misdiagnosed as sarcoma because of its characteristic rapid progression, leading to unnecessary and aggressive surgery. Here we report a case of PSF found in the masseter muscle in a 26-year-old female. The mass that could be misdiagnosed because of its rapid growth characteristics was surgically excised by an intraoral approach and diagnosed as PSF by histopathologic examinations.

담관의 게실은 Todani 분류에 부합하지 않는 드문 형태의 담관의 낭성 확장이며, 질환의 희소성으로 인하여 진료 현장에서 진단이나 치료에 어려움을 겪을 수 있다. 본 증례보고에서는 복통을 주소로 내원한 57세 여성 환자에서 발생한 간외 좌측 담관 게실의 증례를 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하고자 한다. 내원 당시 환자는 간기능 검사에서의 경미한 증가 외에 혈액검사상 이상 소견은 보이지 않았다. 전산화단층촬영과 자기공명 담도췌관조영술에서 간내담관의 합류 부분 근처에 슬러지 볼을 포함한 낭성 병변이 보였으나 병변의 기원은 명확히 보이지 않았다. 임상적으로는 Todani II형 총담관낭이 의심되었다. 환자의 복통이 지속되어 해당 병변에 대하여 수술적 절제를 시행하였고 수술 결과 좌측 담관 게실로 진단되었다. 절제된 조직은 병리학적 검사상 담도 상피로 덮인 게실로 확인되었다. 수술 후 합병증은 발생하지 않았으며 수술적 제거 후 환자의 증상은 호전되었다.

Extranodal intraoral Hodgkin lymphoma is not common. We report the case of a 78-year-old male patient with ulcer of the mandibular oral mucosa that was not cured for about 3 weeks. In biopsy and histopathologic examination, it was found to be extranodal intraoral Hodgkin lymphoma. Early diagnosis of oral lesions led to early detection of lesions of the opposite neck lymph node in an additional PET-CT scan. We report this case and review relevant literature.

Many studies utilizing dogs, cats, birds, fish, and robotic simulations of animals have tried to ascertain the health benefits of pet ownership or animal-assisted therapy in the elderly. Several small unblinded investigations outlined improvements in behavior in demented persons given treatment in the presence of animals. Studies piloting the use of animals in the treatment of depression and schizophrenia have yielded mixed results. Animals may provide intangible benefits to the mental health of older persons, such as relief social isolation and boredom, but these have not been formally studied. Several investigations of the effect of pets on physical health suggest animals can lower blood pressure, and dogwalkers partake in more physical activity. Dog walking, in epidemiological studies and few preliminary trials, is associated with lower complication risk among patients with cardiovascular disease. Pets may also have harms: they may be expensive to care for, and their owners are more likely to fall. Theoretically, zoonotic infections and bites can occur, but how often this occurs in the context of pet ownership or animal-assisted therapy is unknown. Despite the poor methodological quality of pet research after decades of study, pet ownership and animal-assisted therapy are likely to continue due to positive subjective feelings many people have toward animals.

The activities with animals in the fields of educational practice has been increasingly popular, The aim of this article is to provide a systematic review relating to animal-assisted interventions in the fields of school educational practices. Most studies reported significant benefits of animal-assisted interventions in the school setting. Furthermore, a worrying lack of reference to risk assessment and animal welfare must be highlighted. Taken together, the results of this review show promising findings and emerging evidence suggestive of potential benefits related to animals in school settings. The review also indicates the need for a larger and more robust evidence base driven by thorough and strict protocols. The review further emphasizes the need for safeguarding for all involved—-welfare and safety are paramount. Future research employing more rigorous designs and systematically building upon a clearly defined line of inquiry is needed to advance our knowledge on the potential beneficial effects of the animal-assisted interventions in the fields of school educational practices.