Background : Scrophularia koraiensis is a herbaceous perennials belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. This study was carried out to survey the effect of soil types on growth characteristics in Scrophularia koraiensis seedling. Methods and Results : Seeds were collected from plants growing in the Mt. Kariwang Jeongseon, Gangwon-do in September 2014, and they were sown to 128 cell plug tray filled with Peatmoss (TKS-2) soil at March, 2015. The experiment was performed with four different soil types (Peatmoss, Peatmoss + Perlite, Peatmoss + Granite soil, Commercial soil). According to the experiment, stem diameter was the highest under commercial soil. The leaf width and length were the highest under commercial soil. Main root diameter and lengh were the highest under commercial soil. Conclusion : According to the results, Scrophularia koraiensis seedling showed the highest growth in commercial soil.

Background : Liriope platyphylla Wang et. Tang is a species of Liliaceae and its tuber is used as medicinal herbs. This medicinal plant is mainly cultivated in Cheongyang and Buyeo of Chungcheongnam-Do and Miryang of Gyeongsangnam-Do. It is necessary to establish a cultivation techniques for stable production to solve the problems that are found on farms. These farm surveys were carried out to obtain the basic data on soil environment and cultivation conditions at main producing areas of Chungnam-Do in Liriope platyphylla Wang et. Tang. Methods and Results : The surveys were investigated from 37 farmers in Cheongyang and 32 farmers in Buyeo who cultivate Liriope platyphylla Wang et. Tang. There were slightly differences in the local characteristics between Cheongyang and Buyeo. The rate of successive cropping for more than 3 years were 19% at Cheongyang and 41% in Buyeo. The reason may be due to the a small-owned field. It has grown 28% at Cheongyang and 59% at Buyeo in paddy fields. The injury by successive cropping that farmers argued were the increasing pest/disease occurrence, degradation of tuber quality and yield reduction. Crops planted after the harvest of L. platyphylla were mostly Pepper or soybean in upland. It is necessary to reduce the injury of successive cropping. The results of 112 soil analysis data were classified by 8 soil series. There are many acidic soil, lack of organic matter, excess phosphate. However, it did not analyzed the influences on the growth and yield of the crop as affected by different soil conditions. Conclusion : From the above results, it is necessary to develop cultivation techniques on the reduction of injury of successive cropping, such as cropping system, seedling transplanting cultivation, cultivation methods for good agricultural practices(GAP) and soil improvement.

Background : Cylindrocarpon root rot, caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani, is a major disease which lead to replanting failure in ginseng garden. Chlamydospores of C. destructans, generated by poor environmental condition, can survived more than ten years in soil without host plant, ginseng. Density of soil pathogens gradually decreased as the progress of time since ginseng was harvested. Methods and Results : Soil chemical properties was analyzed from soil samples of 43 regions in farmer’s ginseng garden to study the variation of content and the correlation among inorganic contents. Soil samples of 24 regions was also analyzed to study correlation between progressed-year after ginseng harvest and soil chemical properties. Variation of soil chemical properties in descending order was Fe, Zn, P2O4, NO3, Mn. The content of Fe and Zn were great variation among inorganic chemicals of soil of farmer’s field. Electrical conductivity to induce physiological demage in excessive concentration showed highly significant positive correlation with the content of NO3 and K. As the progress of year after ginseng harvest, the content of organic matter and zinc was increased, while pH and Na were decreased in farmer’s field to cultivate ginseng. There were highly significant positive correlation between the progress of year after ginseng harvest and zinc content in farmer’s field to cultivate ginseng. Ratio of root rot of 2-year-old ginseng showed significant positive correlation with K content, and negative correlation in experimental field cultured by six rotation crops for one year. Conclusion : Root rot by soil pathogens was closely related with the content of potassium and zinc in soil chemical properties.

Background : Root diseases caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani decrease the yield and quality of ginseng. Cylindrocarpon root rot is a major disease caused by replanting failure in ginseng garden. Methods and Results : Solarization was done in the infested soil of the greenhouse for summer season (from July 24 to Autumn 31, 2014) after putting green manure (Sudan grass) and calcium cyanamide (CC) into the soil. Mycelium and conidia of C. destructans died at 4 0℃ after 15 hours, and 45℃ after 5 h, but it did not die at 35℃ after 15 h. Those of C. destructans died after keeping it for 2 hours daily at 40℃ for 9 days, and 45℃ for 8 days, but did not die at 38℃ for 9 days. Maximum soil temperature was 55.4℃ in 5 cm depth, 48.7℃ in 10 cm, 44.7℃ in 15 cm, 42.5℃ in 20 cm, and 31.9℃ in 30 cm by putting green manure into the soil and solarization. Reduction of sudan grass increased electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, P2O5, K, and Mg, while decreased pH, NO3-N, and Na. Addition of calcium cyanamide and urea gave a negative effect on the growth of ginseng because EC and NO3-N were increased excessively than the optimal range. Solarization using green manure mixed with CC was the most effective in decreasing soil-borne pathogens of 2-year-old ginseng. But the root disease that occurred between single treatment of sudan grass and the treatment mixed with calcium cyanamide showed not a significant different. Addition of calcium cyanamide showed the decrease of root weight because leaves were dead early by a excessive increase of EC and NO3-N. Conclusion: Soil disinfection using green manure and solarization in greenhouse was effective in inhibiting root rot, however, it did not completely kill the soil-borne pathogens.

The objective of this study was to investigate the 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) concentrations and emission sources from the soils of three regions (north, mid-south, and east) in Jeollanamdo. Overall PAH concentrations in the east region were higher than in north and mid-south regions and 9.1 times higher for polluted areas. The results of the emission source study indicated that average Ant/(Ant+Phe) and InP/(InP+BghiP) ratios were 0.15-0.22 and 0.36-0.46, respectively, which indicated dominant pyrogenic sources in the three regions. For the InP/(InP+BghiP) ratio, various emission sources were shown in the east region where petrochemical facilities and oil storage tanks have been operated.

Background: Root diseases caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani decrease the yield and quality of ginseng. Cylindrocarpon root rot is a major disease caused by replant failure in ginseng fields. Methods and Results: Solarization of infested greenhouse soil was carried out during the summer season after applying green manure (Sudan grass) and Calcium Cyanamide (CC) on the soil. Mycelium and conidia of C. destructans died at 40℃ after 15 h, but they did not die at 35℃ after 15 h. They also died after keeping the soil at 40℃ for 2 h daily for 9 days, and at 45℃ for 8 days, but they did not die at 38℃ for 9 days. Maximum soil temperature was 55.4℃ at 5 ㎝ depth, 48.7℃ at 10 ㎝, 44.7℃ at 15 ㎝, 42.5℃ at 20 ㎝, and 31.9℃ at 30 ㎝ by incorporating green manure into the soil and using solarization. Solarization using green manure mixed with CC was the most effective in decreasing soil-borne pathogens of 2-year-old ginseng. However, the addition of CC decreased the root weight due to the increase in EC and NO3-N. Conclusions: Soil disinfection using green manure and solarization in a greenhouse environment was effective in inhibiting root rot, however, it did not completely kill the soil-borne pathogens.

The objective of this study is the development of an artificial soil composition for vegetation in rock slope condition. In this study, the suitability of artificial soils added the cement-based materials is considered. The results show that the pH value of artificial soil added the micro cement was kept in the range of 7.86 to 8.00.

A long-term field experiment under different fertilization treatments had been conducted to explore the effects of rice yield and soil chemical properties from 1978 to 2008 in Suwon, Korea. The paddy was applied eight fertilization treatments which were F0 (no fertilizer), PK (phosphorous and potassium), NK (nitrogen and potassium), NP (nitrogen and phosphorous), NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), NPKC (NPK with compost), NPKS (NPK with straw) and NPKL (NPK with lime). Results of 31 years experiment showed that yield index (the ratio of yield in each treatment to NPK) was the lowest in F0 (0.52) and the highest in NPKC (1.18). Yield index was gradually increased in NPKC but decreased in F0 and NK. The yield index of PK, NP, NPKS and NPKL were not changed long-term treatment. Soil acidity of NPKL showed the highest with pH 7.9, and that of other treatments ranged from pH 6.3 to 6.8. Available phosphorous content of soil was increased in all plots by long-term fertilization, was the highest in PK and NPKC. Soil organic matter was higher in NPKC (1.8%) and NPKS (1.8%) than other treatments (1.3~1.4%) in the early experiment, but that was remarkably increased in only NPKC (2.5%) according to annual long-term application. Thus we suggest that annual compost application with optimum NPK could make stable and sustainable rice production.

본 연구에서는 수원 성균관대학교 내 Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) 토양수분 측정 장비 및 COSMIC-ray 중성자 측정 장비를 통한 토양수분 지점 관측 사이트를 확립하였다. 또한 양질의 토양수분 데이터 확보를 위해 연구지역 내 토질실험, 토질별 FDR 토양수분 데이터 및 COSMIC-ray 중성자 개수의 시계열 분석, 관측한 토양수분 데이터와 위성 기반 토양수분 데이터와의 비교분석을 실시하였다. 2014년도부터 6개 지점에서 표층으로부터 5 cm에서 40 cm까지 총 24개의 FDR 센서를 5~10 cm 깊이별로 설치하여 토양수분 데이터를 측정하였다. 해당 지점들 의 토질 분석결과, Sand에서 Loamy Sand까지의 다양한 토질이 불균질한 층을 이루어 분포되어 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 측정된 토양수분 데이 터는 강우 데이터와 높은 상관성을 보이며, 위성 산출 토양수분 데이터와의 비교에서도 상대적으로 높은 상관관계와 낮은 평균제곱근편차(Root mean square deviation, RMSD)값을 보여주었다. 2014년도 설치 지역 토양수분 데이터의 신뢰도가 확보됨에 따라 2015년도에는 10개의 FDR 토양수분 측정 장비 및 COSMIC-ray 중성자 측정 장비가 추가로 설치되어 성균관대학교의 Soil Moisture site with FDR and COSMIC-ray (SM-FC) 연구지역이 구축되었다. SM-FC에 설치된 COSMIC-ray 중성자 측정 장비의 최초 검증을 위해 2015년 8~11월의 COSMIC-ray 중성자데이터 및 FDR 토양수분 데이터가 활용되었다. 중성자기반 토양수분 값과 전체 지점 FDR 토양수분 평균값을 비교한 결과 매우 높은 상관관계를 볼 수 있었다 (상관계수 0.95). 이러한 연구를 통해 성균관대학교 SM-FC는 향후 한반도 지역 위성 및 모델 토양수분 데이터를 검증하는 대표 연구 지역이 될 것으로 기대된다.

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of soil microbial agent with red ginseng marc on growth of watermelon during 5 months. The three treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with four replicates per plot. After 1 week in planting dates, the growth of watermelon (full length, stem thichness, leaf length and lead width) showed no significant difference in all treatments. During elongation stage (20 days), soil microbial agent with red ginseng marc was increased by 5% in leaf thickness (May 23) and 7~14% in leaf length (May 16 and 23) when compared to other treatments. For changes in fruit bearing thickness, there were no differences among treatments. Characteristics of watermelon in harvest season have an effect on harvest and length, stalk length, naval length, weight, sugar content and yield, except for harvest and width. In particular, yields increased with treatments with two soil microbial agent (7~12%), indicating that soil microbial agent with red ginseng marc showed higher yield than the other treatments. In conclusion, red ginseng marc-treated soil microbial agents have a positive effect on the harvest season of watermelon and can provide useful information for the selection of the functional microbial properties and the registration of microbial fertilizer.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of organic vegetable cultivation on the soil physical properties in 33 farmlands under plastic greenhouse in Korea. We were investigated 5~8 farms per organic vegetable crops during the period from August to November 2014. The main cultivated vegetables were leafy lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), Perilla leaves (Perilla frutescens var. Japonica Hara), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), strawberry (Fragaria ananassa L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon spp.). We have analyzed soil physical properties. The measured soil physical parameters were soil plough layer, soil hardness, penetration resistance, three soil phase, bulk density and Porosity. The measurement of the soil plough layer, soil hardness and penetration resistance were carried out direct in the fields, and the samples for other parameters were taken using the soil core method with approximately 20 mm diameter core collected from each organic vegetable field. Soil plough layer was average 36 cm and ranged between 30 and 50 cm, and slightly different depending on the sorts of vegetable cultivation. The soil hardness was 0.17±0.15~1.34±1.02 in the topsoil, 0.55±0.34~1.15±0.62 in the subsoil. It was not different between topsoil and subsoil, but showed a statistically significant difference between the leafy and fruit vegetables. Penetrometer resistance is one of the important soil physical properties that can determine both root elongation and yield. The increase in density under leafy vegetables resulted in a higher soil penetrometer resistance. Soil is a three-component system comprised of solid, liquid, and gas phases distributed in a complex geometry that creates large solidliquid, liquid-gas, and gas-solid interfacial areas. The three soil phases were dynamicand typically changed in organic vegetable soils under greenhouse. Porosity was characterized as range of 54.2±2.2~60.3±2.4%. Most measured soils have bulk densities between 1.0 and 1.6 g cm-3. To summarize the above results, Soil plough layer has been deepened in organic vegetable cultivation soils. Solid hardness (the hardness of the soil) and bulk density (suitable for the soil unit mass) have been lowered. Porosity (soil spatial content) was high such as a well known in organic farmlands. Important changes were observed in the physical properties according to the different vegetable cultivation. We have demonstrated that the physical properties of organic cultivated soils under plastic greenhouse were improved in the results of this study.

This study was conducted to serve as the basis for establishing a standard cultivation, which enhances the alternative utilization of pig manure, a major cause of environmental pollution, by finding a means for reducing greenhouse gas emissions for eco-friendly cultivation. In a laboratory, CH4 and CO2 emission patterns were investigated corresponding to incremental pig manure treatments in paddy soil. The emissions peaked 12 to 27 days after manure application in the 100~400% applications. It was found that increasing applications of pig manure resulted an increase in CH4 and CO2 emissions. Additionally, application of more than 150% emitted a larger amount of these gasses than applying chemical fertilizer. However, the test application of 100% pig manure emitted a smaller amount of CH4 and hence Global Warming Potential (GWP) than those emitted by chemical fertilizer. If appropriate amount of fertilization is applied in compliance with the standard application rate, the pig manure may be effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the soil environment made more favorable than with the use of chemical fertilizer.

The upland soils (56 samples) from organic farms in Gyeonggi-do (12 sites), Gangwon-do (8 sites), Chungcheong-do (14 sites), Gyeongsang-do (4 sites), Jeollado (18 sites) in Korea were collected and their physical and chemical properties were analyzed by RDA’s methods. In the results of physical property, the bulk density of soils averaged 1.14 Mg m-3 (surface soil), 1.38 Mg m-3 (subsoil), respectively. The porosity of them was 57%, 48%. Organically managed soil’s (OS) bulk density was lower than conventional soil’s but OS’s porosity was a little higher than conventionally managed soil in surface soil. The depth of plough layer in organically managed soils was 21.2 cm indicating that the organic farming had good effect on soil physical property. In the results of chemical property, the surface soil pH was 6.9 and the contents of organic matter (OM) was 26 g kg-1, available phosphate (Avail. P2O5) was 554 mg kg-1, exchangeable calcium (Exch. Ca) was 8.9 cmolc kg-1, exchangeable potassium (Exch. K) was 0.89 cmolc kg-1, exchangeable magnesium (Exch. Mg) was 2.0 cmolc kg-1. The subsoil pH was 6.8 and the contents of OM was 21 g kg-1, avail. P2O5 was 491 mg kg-1, exch. Ca was 7.9 cmolc kg-1, exch. K was 0.68 cmolc kg-1, exch. Mg was 1.8 cmolc kg-1. The nutrient accumulation emerged in organic farming. Compared to the optimum nutrient range for the conventional upland soils, the exceed rate of pH, OM, available phosphate, and exchangeable Ca, K, and Mg was 79, 52, 64, 84, 66% and 55%, respectively, which mainly resulted from the over-application of lime materials or livestock manure compost. With these results it is suggested thatorganic farm need to reduce the use of inputs, which make soil alkalification or nutrient accumulation. More study on effects of inputs on lowering soil pH from alkalification could help organically managed soil to be improved.

The potential of nitrogen mineralization was studied by applying organic fertilizer to soil and incubating at 25℃ for 28 weeks. The organic fertilizers used in this experiment were oil-cake (CF-Ⅰ, CF-Ⅱ) and amino acid fertilizer (AAF-Ⅰ, AAF- Ⅱ). Accumulated mineralized nitrogen (N) fits the frist-order kinetics during incubation. The N mineralization potential (No) for organic fertilizers treated soil was highest at AAF-Ⅱ treatment with a value of 27.71 N mg/100g, then followed by CF-Ⅱ, AAF-Ⅰ, CF-Ⅰ. The pure N mineralization potential (N0 treatment - N0 control) for CF-Ⅰ, CF-Ⅱ, AAF-Ⅰ, AAF-Ⅱ were 2.55, 5.83, 3.66, 8.57 N mg/ 100g, respectively. The amount of N mineralized from organic fertilizers applied soil ranged from 46% to 61% of the total N content in organic fertilizer. The half-life (t1/2) of organic nitrogen in soil treated with oil-cake and amino acid fertilizer was 17-21 days. Therefore, half of nitrogen contained in oil-cake and amino acid fertilizer was mineralized after 3 weeks application.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GR4-5 was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Korean ginseng and displayed broad-spectrum suppression of ginseng root rot pathogens. The survivability of B. amyloliquefaciens GR4-5 in soil was investigated under three different conditions; indoor, outdoor ─ of which soil was put in 14 mL tube after treatment ─ and field environments. Soil samples were collected over a fourweek period from three experimental designs, and assessed for 16S rRNA gene copy number by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In outdoor condition, the 16S rRNA gene copy number of Bacillus spp. was 8.35 log copies g soil-1 immediately after the GR4-5 treatment. Two weeks later, the 16S rRNA gene copy number of Bacillus spp. (6.70 log copies g soil-1) was similar to that of the control (6.38 log copies g soil-1). In indoor condition, the 16S rRNA gene copy number of Bacillus spp. maintained in a certain level for a longer period than those in outdoor and field. The 16S rRNA gene copy number of Bacillus spp. in field experiment was reduced faster than that of outdoor condition. Our results show that B. amyloliquefaciens GR4-5 can survive in bulk soil for 1 week, indicating its potential use as a biocontrol agent following 7 day application intervals. This study presents that outdoor microcosm system design could be a useful method to assess easily the survivability of beneficial microorganisms.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic inputs on soil properties in a newly reclaimed organic soils. The soil of the experiment site was very low in soil fertility and the physico-chemical properties were poor. Several organic input treatments with different source of nutrient were placed, including compost in combination with green manures for organic agricultural practices, chemical fertilizers for conventional agricultural practices, and control without fertilizer. The experiment was conducted with continuous cropping system during 3 years. The chemical properties concentration in compost+green manure treatment was increased continually compare to control and chemical fertilizer treatment, and closed to the recommended rate of fertilizer. The organic matter value for compost+ green manure treatment was increased from 0.86~0.96% to 2.00~2.29% by continuous nutrient supply of compost and green manure. However, further investigation on increasing of organic matter value for 3 years is necessary to monitor carefully during the long-term because it will help to clarify the all mechanisms of organic matter on organic input application way. The available phosphate value for compost+ green manure treatment was generally increased from 21.9~27.1 mg/kg to 182.0~ 394.1 mg/kg. In case of exchange cation, the concentration for compost+ green manure treatment was increased during 2 years within the range to the recommended rate of fertilizer, however, it is expected to cause a rather over supply for 3 years.

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of organic matter application on soil microbial activities and diversities in a newly reclaimed soil. Soil chemical properties, population of microbe, microbial biomass, and properties of microbial community were investigated under 4 different treatment (animal manure compost+ green manure, chemical fertilizer, and without fertilizer). The experiment was conducted for 3 years from 2012 to 2014. The most of chemical properties in the animal manure compost+green manure treatment were increased continually compare to chemical fertilizer and without fertilizer. The population of bacteria and fungi were higher in the animal manure compost+green manure treatment, however, there was no difference on actinomyces. Soil microbial biomass C content was higher in the animal manure compost+green manure treatment than in chemical fertilizer and without fertilizer. Biolog examination showed that catabolic diversities of bacterial communities were higher in the treatment of animal manure compost+green manure. It was showed that principle component analysis of the Biolog data differentiated the organic matter amended soils from NPK and control. These results indicated that application of animal manure compost+green manure had a beneficial effect on soil microbial properties.

Background : Excessively high concentration of sodium ion causednutrient deficiency and significantly decrease growth. This study was carried out to determine the limiting concentration range of sodium ion in the soil of ginseng field. Methods and Results : The growth of the ginseng cultivar Chunpoong reduced with increase in salinity, and the rate of growth reduction was higher in shoots than that of roots. Particularly, ginseng plants cultivated at high level of nitrate nitrogen or sodium may suffer delayed development and stunted growth. Chlorophyll damage occurred on the leaves of ginseng planted in relatively high levels (> 0.2 c㏖+/㎏) of sodium ion, as determined by the fluorescence reaction. The incidence of physiological disorder in ginseng cultivated at 249 sites was correlated with the concentration of sodium ion in the soils. About 74% of ginseng fields in which physiological disorders occurred had concentrations of sodium ion in soil greater than 0.2 c㏖+/㎏. In contrast, the concentration of sodium ions at 51 of 85 sites where no damage occurred was relatively (0.05 c㏖+/㎏- 0.15 c +/㎏). Conclusions : The concentration of sodium ion in soil of ginseng fields can be classified into three levels optimum (≤ 0.15), permissible allowance (0.15 - 0.2) and excessive (> 0.2).

This study was aimed to determine effects of soil organic amendment as plant growing media component on restoration of planting ground. The changes of soil physical and chemical properties and germination and growth of kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) were investigated. For treatments, soil was excavated at depth of 0-50 cm (referred as S1) and at depth of 50-100 cm (referred as S2). Then the half amount of S1 soil was mixed with the soil organic amendment (coir dust 40% (v/v), bottom ash 25%, leaf mold 25%, vermiculite 5%, carbonized rice hull 5%) at a rate of 6% (v/v) (referred as S1CC) and also the half amount of S2 soil was mixed with the soil organic amendment at a rate of 6% (v/v) (referred as S2CC) on pot in a 16 cm diameter and 14 cm height. The experiment was replicated 3 times with 3 pots per replication in randomized block design, and 100 seeds were planted per pot. In results, there was no significant difference in soil pH among the treatments with a slight decrease in soil hydraulic conductivity. However, in the S1CC treatment, positive increases in soil chemical properties, including electrical conductivity, organic matter, phosphoric acid, total nitrogen, exchangeable cation, and cation exchange capacity. Also, the germination rate, plant height, and number of leaves were higher in the S1CC treatment than those in other treatments. These results suggest that the addition of organic amendment to the soil at depth of 0-50 cm might be proper for restoring planting ground.

산업단지, 철도부지, 사격장 및 폐광산 등 중금속으로 오염된 토양부지의 복원을 위하여 토양 세척법, 세정법, 동전기법 등의 기술이 사용되며, 이들 기술의 적용을 위해서는 강한 산 또는 화학적 산화제의 사용이 불가피하다. 화학적 세척제의 사용은 처리수의 정화 및 처리 토양의 생태 독성 제거 등 후처리가 필요하다. 한편, 휴믹산은 자연 토양 내 많이 존재하는 자연기원 유기물로서, 비료로 사용되거나 토양 개질에도 많이 이용된다. 이러한 휴믹산은 구조가 매우 복잡하며, 중금속과 배위결합이 가능한 카르복실기, 페놀기 등을 다량 보유한다고 알려져있다. 휴믹산 중금속 제거를 위한 킬레이트제로 친환경적 토양 세척법으로의 적용이 가능하다. 본 연구는 표준 휴믹산을 정제하여 용산 철도부지의 현장오염토양을 대상으로 구리, 납, 아연의 제거를 위한 토양 세척법의 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. 농도 및 pH 조건을 달리한 실험 결과 농도는 1000 ppm에서, pH 조건 10에서 각 중금속의 제거 효율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 중금속 제거용 킬레이트제의 대조군으로 EDTA를 사용하였으며, 휴믹산의 중금속 제거율은 EDTA 대비 구리, 납, 아연 각각 20.44%, 4.58%, 19.55%으로 나타났다. 토양 세척 시의 고액 비, 반응 온도, 등 다른 환경인자에 따라 중금속 제거 효율을 증대 시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.