This study was performed to identify the effect of fertilizer application and planting method on growth and yield of 'Seolhyang' strawberry during seedling raising. According to the concentration of fertilizer applied, the height of daughter plants was the highest at an EC of 0.8 dS·m-1. Leaf number and crown diameter were greatest at an EC of 0.6-0.8 dS·m-1. In the first measurement, root number was highest in non-fertilizer application, while root weight was heaviest in non-fertilizer application and EC 0.4 dS·m-1. The higher the concentration of fertilizer applied as culture media, the lower the growth rate. Thirty days after planting on the main field, plant height and number of new leaf were highest at an EC of 0.8 dS·m-1. However, no significant difference was found in leaf length and width and chlorophyll content according to fertilizer application. Marketable yield of 25 g or higher was greatest in EC 0.6 dS·m-1. In contrast, no significance was found in total marketable yield at an EC of 0.4-0.8 dS·m-1. Aconsistent pattern was exhibited in the growth of 1-5 harvesting flower clusters according to planting method. The length of leaf and flower cluster was short and chlorophyll content was low, when bed soil was removed 100% in harvesting of the first flower cluster. In all treatment, leaf length was shortened until harvesting of the second and third flower cluster, but rapidly lengthened in harvesting of the third and fourth flower clusters. Moreover, the length of flower cluster had a increasing tendency from harvesting of the third flower cluster. However, chlorophyll content was reduced continuously until harvesting of the fifth flower cluster, and was lowest in harvesting of the fourth flower cluster without removal of bed soil. Total yield was greatest in treatment of crown removal in bed soil between November and May. Late marketable yield between March and May was highest in treatment of 100% bed soil removal, followed by treatment of crown removal. Marketable yield of 25 g or higher was greatest in treatment of crown removal between December and February, while greatest in treatment of 100% bed soil removal between March and May.

‘Hwasu 3551’(HS) 과 ‘White-Red Lip’(WR)을 대상으로 저 온이 호접란의 생육단계별 광합성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 실 험에 사용하기 위해 조직배양을 통해 번식된 유묘들을 4주간 외부 환경에 순화시킨 후(1개월 묘), 28/26oC(HT)의 식물생육상에서 재배하였다. HT에서 0(1개월 묘), 2(3개월 묘), 4 개월(5개월 묘) 간 재배된 식물들을 21/19oC(LT)의 식물생육상으로 옮겨 3개월 간 저온처리 하였고, 각 식물생육상의 일장은 12시간(06시.18시), 광도는 110±10μmol·m-2·s-1 PPF를 유지하였다. 저온의 영향을 알 아보기 위해서 각 온도 및 생육단계별로 영양생장과 24시간 동안의 CO2흡수율을 측정하였다. 전반적으로 호접란의 광합성은 CO2흡 수 양상에 따라 페이즈 I부터 IV까지 나뉘어지는 전형적인 CAM 광합성을 보였으며, 3개월간 저온에서 재배 후 하루 동안 흡수한 총 CO2의 양과 영양생장의 증가정도는 HT 조건을 유지한 처리군에 비해 감소하였다. 특히 3개월 묘를 LT에서 3개월간 재배하였을 떄, HS, WR 두 품종의 페이즈 III 동안 CO2흡수율은 각각 -1.36, -0.60μmol·m-2·s-1까지 감소하여 CO2누출 (CO2 leakage)양상을 보였다. 이로 인해 낮 동안의 총 CO2흡수량이 감소하였고, 영양 생 장량 역시 감소하였다. 1개월 묘를 LT조건에서 재배하였을 때 신 엽의 발생은 통계적으로 유의성 있게 감소하였지만, 5개월 묘의 경 우에는 감소하지 않았고, 단지 엽장의 증가정도만 감소하였다. 이 러한 결과는 5개월 묘에서 저온의 영향이 작았고, 영양생장이 계속 유지되었다는 것을 나타낸다. 호접란의 재배에 있어서 이러한 접근 방식은 재배 스케줄을 조절하거나 기존의 방법을 개선하여 재배비 용을 절감하는 대에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

조경식물인 금낭화, 돌단풍, 할미꽃, 붉은잎동자꽃, 벌개미취의 개화기 예측에 필요한 적산온도를 구명하였다. 경기도 수원시에 위치한 국립원예특작과학원에서 2013년 3월 시험포에 식재된 관상식물 5종을 채취하여 컨테이너(30×30×30cm)에 원예용 상토를 이용하여 식재하여 시험포와 온실에 4반복으로 배치하였다. 1주일 간격으로 개아기, 전엽기, 개화기를 조사하였으며 온도를 측정하였다. 온실과 시험포의 적산온도의 비교 결과 조경식물 5종의 생육단계에 따른 적산온도는 금낭화 개아기 176.3±9.12℃, 전엽기 265.1±47.63℃, 개화기 476.1±112.43℃, 돌단풍 개아기 170.0± 32.56℃, 전엽기 352.8±176.84℃, 개화기 452.3 ±17.74℃, 할미꽃 개아기 152.0±7.17℃, 전엽기 266.2 ±54.36℃, 개화기 410.4± 41.58℃, 붉은잎동자꽃 개화기 186.1±22.92℃, 전엽기 205.8± 16.92℃, 개화기 1426.6±135.99℃, 벌개미취 개아기 163.5±9.02, 전엽기 190.6±4.55, 개화기 2714.9±88.97로 나타났다.

The time of panicle initiation change by transplanting date, and this change is affected by heading ecotype and seedling age. So we assessed the variations of panicle initiation, spikelet differentiation and heading date affected by transplanting dates, rice cultivars and seedling ages. And we compared the growth durations and meterological factors between chief growth stages. The differences of growth duration from transplanting date to spikelet differentiation by seedling age were 1~3 days in all transplanting of Unkwang, but it increased to 4 days in Hwayeong transplanting on May 1 and June 30, and Nampyeong transplanting on June 30. The growth durations from panicle initiation to heading of Unkwang and Hwayeong increased until transplanting time by May 31, and decreased thereafter. The growth durations of Nampyeong increased in transplanting on May 16 and May 31. In each transplanting, mean temperature of 30 days after heading was highest in early transplanting, but sunshine hours in the period were highest in transplanting on June 30 in Unkwang, in transplanting on June 15 in Hwayeong, and higher in transplanting on May 31 and June 15 in Nampyeong. The growth duration between spikelet differentiation and heading showed variation according to rice cultivars and transplanting date, Those were 22~26 days in Unkwang, 21~27 days in Hwayeong and 21~28 days in Nampyeong.

This study was carried out to compare the characteristics of seed germination and the first stage of growth in Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) by different light conditions such ass fluorescent light, dark and light emitting diode (LED). There was not much difference from the germination rate of C. wilfordii (Maxim.) in different light conditions for 10 days. The highest of germination rate occurred over 91.11 percentage by LED red condition at 26℃. Also mean germination velocity and promptness index were represented the highest results of 2.3 ea/day and 52.67 under red light, respectively. But mean germination time under both LED red and blue light was represented low data that it takes over three days for germinating of seed. Even though handling both LED red and blue lights, the germination uniformity was not constant. These results may help our understanding of variations in germination characteristics for C. wilfordii (Maxim.) seeds treated under different light conditions.

The roots of Platycodon grandiflorum has been widely used as a crude drug or a food stuff. Unfortunately, the output and the quality is not regular and highly dependent on the cultivation area and cultivation method. Therefore, seedling cultivation study of this plant under structure with various fertilizer supply was performed. As a result, significant big difference between ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content was shown in the root at seedling stage while the difference was not significant in the aerial parts. Fresh weight of the root (7.73 g plant-1) was higher in the group treated with three major nutrients (N, P and K) than in those treated with three major nutrients and calcium or magnesium or both calcium and magnesium, and non-treated group (2.69 g plant-1). Total nitrogen content was recognized to be significantly correlated with root weight, plant height, number of leaves and weight of aerial parts. Ammonium nitrogen content was more correlated the growth of P. grandiflorum than nitrate nitrogen. For phosphoric acid, significant correlation was also shown with the four growth factors.

As cool-season plant, Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is planted under shade-installation with tall front and low rear. However, at different planting positions, distinct differences come out because ginseng grows at the same position within 3~5 years and the growth circumstance changes a lot by the shade-installation. So, in this study, changes of temperature, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence with varieties of shading material and planting position were investigated. Light transmittances by polyethylene shade net and silver-coated shading plate as planting materials were measured according to different planting positions. Photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured by LI-6400-40 (Li-Cor). According to different planting positions, light intensity was higher in silver-coated shading plate than in polyethylene shade net, and higher at front than rear. Also, photosynthetic rate showed the same tendency, which had a positive correlation to light intensity. But this treatment caused a lower Fo compared with polyethylene shade net because of the stress by light and temperature. Also, Fv/Fm and ETR were higher in silver-coated shading plate. Fo was similar at front and rear according to silver-coated shading plate and ETR was higher at front.

Drought is one of the most important types of abiotic stress that affects stability and amount of yield. This study was conducted to screen for drought tolerance at early seedling stages for 318 ecogeographically diverse wild barley (HordeumvulgareL.spp.spontaneum) diversity collection (WBDC). Considerable variation was observed for all the seedling characters examined. Seedling growth was significantly reduced by 17% polyethyleneglycol -induced osmotic stress with significant variation among accessions. Comparison of mean performance under normal and osmotic stress conditions indicated that shoot length was the most sensitive trait, followed by seedling length, seminal root number, root-shoot length ratio and root length. The mean of root-shoot length ratio, however, increased under osmotic stress. Correlation studies indicated that the root length was the most important trait, followed by shoot length and root-shoot length ratio. The accessions from the Fertile Crescent and North Africa showed more drought tolerance than those from the other geographical regions. The accessions WBDC009 (Jordan), WBDC075 (Libya), WBDC181 (Jordan), WBDC242 (Jordan) and WBDC280 (Israel) exhibited the lowest stress susceptibility index ‘S’ values. Consequently, these accessions showed tolerance to drought at the early seedling stage and are considered to be good sources of drought tolerance for cultivated barley improvement. This work was supported by a grant from Regional Subgenebank Support Program of Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea .

Early diagnosis of crop growth at various growth stages will help to make an optimum fertilization. If we can diagnose crop growth at around the time of topdressing of N fertilizer, N fertilization can be made based on crop growth and target crop yield, which may provide economic and environmental benefits as compared with fixed rate fertilization. In this study we devised methods to diagnose rice growth non-destructively at panicle initiation stage and to determine N topdressing rate. SPAD-502, Field Scout CM1000 and Green Seeker GNDVI were used to diagnose the growth status of rice grown at different soil N fertilities. The values measured by the diagnostic equipments at rice panicle initiation stage were then regressed to rice grain yield. It was found that CM1000 and GNDVI were more efficient than SPAD to diagnose rice growth. Therefore, a multivariate model with CM1000 and GNDVI values was developed to make a decision of N fertilization at rice panicle initiation stage. In a subsequent field study, N fertilization determined by non-destructive growth diagnose by CM1000 and GNDVI, and the multivariate model could minimize N fertilizer use to achieve our target yield, resulted in significant reduction of N fertilizer as compared with fixed rate N fertilization.

단옥수수로부터 찰옥수수로 변한 소비자들의 기호성과 홍수출하를 피하고 생산자의 소득을 높이기 위한 주년공급에 대응하기 위해서 조생종과 만생종 찰옥수수의 육묘와 이식재배에 관한 체계적인 연구가 필요한 현실이다. 본 연구는 2007년에 국립식량과학원 시험포장에서 찰옥수수의 조생종 품종 찰옥 1호와 만생종 품종 찰옥 4호를 재료로 하여 풋옥수수의 안정성 높은 이식재배법에 대한 일련의 실험을 수행한 것으로 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 육묘기간이 길어질수록 파종 후의 출사일수가 길어지는 반면, 이식후의 출사일수는 짧았는데, 출사일수는 찰옥 1호가 찰옥 4호에 비하여 9~12일, 그리고 2기작이 1기작에 비하여 12~15일 정도 짧았다. 2. 육묘 이식재배한 찰옥수수의 간장은 육묘일수가 길수록 감소하는 경향이었으며, 직파재배에서 간장은 2기작재배에서 1기작재배에 비하여 찰옥 1호는 17%, 그리고 찰옥 4호는 24% 감소하였다. 3. 이삭길이는 육묘일수가 길어질수록 다소 감소하였는데, 찰옥 1호는 1기작재배에 비하여 2기작재배에서 크게 감소하였다. 4. 상품 이삭수는 직파재배에서 2기작재배가 1기작재배에 비하여 찰옥 1호는 64% 감수하였고, 찰옥 4호는 12%로 감소하여 그 정도가 적었다. 5. 상품 이삭수로 보아 찰옥수수의 적정육묘일수는 찰옥1호는 1기작재배 15일 육묘, 2기작재배는 이식재배 보다 직파재배가 적당하고, 찰옥4호는 모든 작기에서 20일 육묘로 판단되었다.