In this study, the quality characteristics of kimchi, such as its salinity, pH, and acidity, were measured and compared, and the HT-29 human colon cancer cells were used to show the anticancer effects of kimchi. The kimchi samples used herein included standard kimchi (SK), turnip kimchi (TK), and turnip-powder-added kimchi (TPK). The measured pH and acidity of TK and TPK showed no significant differences with those of SK. Compared to SK and TK, TPK had higher DPPH scavenging activity and higher total flavonoid content, confirming its antioxidant activity. The cancer cell growth inhibition rates of TK and TPK were significantly higher than that of SK. In HT-29 cells treated with TPK, the mRNA expression of Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptosis-related gene, was lower, and the mRNA expressions of the apoptosis-related genes Bax, Bad, and caspase-9 were higher. TPK showed significantly higher levels of mRNA expressions for the cell-cycle-related genes p53 and p21 than the other samples, in addition to suppression effects on cancer cell proliferation. Compared to SK, TK and TPK suppressed the growth of colon cancer cells and showed higher anticancer effects. Therefore, it is shown that kimchi with added turnip powder had high anticancer effects.

본 연구는 우리나라 해안에서 널리 서식 중인 해양 자원 중 하나인 전복(Haliotis discus hannai) 의 차세대염기서열분석 데이터 기반으로 선별한 신규 펩타이드의 항암 활성을 평가한 연구이 다. 펩타이드의 항암 활성은 교모세포종 세포주인 SNU-489에서 농도 의존적으로 처리 시간에 비례하여 증가하였으며, 200 μM로 48시간 처리하였을 때 암 세포 사멸율이 67%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 반면 정상 세포인 HaCaT에서 가장 높은 세포 사멸율은 18%로 농도 의존적이었으나 처리 시간과는 무관하였다. 또한 신규 펩타이드의 항암 메커니즘 과정을 밝히기 위해 세포자 멸괴사(Necroptosis) 관련 유전자의 발현 변화를 qRT-PCR 방법을 통해 검증하였다. RIPK3는 신 규 펩타이드 처리군에서 200 μM 처리 시 9배 이상 발현 증가, MLKL는 100 μM 처리군에서 대조군 대비 2배 이상 유의미하게 발현이 증가되었다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 전복 유래 신규 펩타이드는 암 세포 특이적으로 세포 독성을 가지며, 세포자멸괴사 메커니즘을 통해 암 세포 사멸을 일으키는 것으로 추측되므로 신규 펩타이드가 추후 교모세포종 치료제의 후보 물질로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Comparing the quality characteristics of kimchi were measured and anticancer effects using AGS human gastric cancer cells were observed. Five kinds of kimchi samples were made of Kanghwa Baek kimchi (KB), Kangwha Turnip kimchi (KT), Turnip: Chinese cabbage = 1:1 Baek kimchi (T1B1), Turnip:Chinese cabbage = 4:1 Baek kimchi (T4B1), Turnip mul kimchi (T). As a result T kimchi showed the best fermentation characteristics among the five samples. T kimchi had a lower percentage of the total number of aerobic bacteria, while the number of lactobacillus was higher than that of other samples. The mRNA and protein expression levels of apoptosis-related factors found that T kimchi significantly increases the mRNA expression levels of caspases-3 and caspases-9 in AGS human gastric cancer cells as compared to the other kimchi samples. It showed high anticancer effects in the order of T, T1B1, and KB kimchi. As the anticancer effect of Turnip mul kimchi made only of turnip was higher, the higher the turnip content, the higher the anticancer effect. These results show that there were changes in fermentation characteristics such as pH, acidity, number of lactic acid bacteria, and anticancer effects according to the ratio of turnip and cabbage.

Ganjang and doenjang are known as major fermented soy-based foods in Koreans. Current investigations have proved that fermented soybean foods impart anti-cancer, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer activities of commercialized soy food, Ganjang, as a function of aging period. The test groups were classified into four time periods-short (under 5 years, S group), mid (under 10 years, M group), long (under 15 years, L group), and eternal (over 15 years, E group). The anti-cancer effects of Ganjang were determined by cell cytotoxicity assay of three types of cancer cell lines and splenocyte proliferation assay. Besides these assays, we also analyzed NK cell activity for cancer immunotherapy. The results show that the anti-cancer effect increased in the S and M period aging groups for all three cancer cell lines. Interestingly, similar to the anti-cancer result, splenocyte proliferation and NK activity showed the highest effect in the S and M groups. In contrast, Japanese ganjang-treated (JG1, JG2) groups and E group showed significantly reduced splenocyte proliferation. Collectively, these results suggest that the short and middle periods of traditional fermented Ganjang might have potential anti-cancer activities.

Vegetable soup has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-cancer effects. In this study, five kinds of vegetable soup were developed using a new manufacturing process and compositional changes in raw material, and anti-cancer and immuno-stimulatory activities were evaluated. Cytotoxicity tests based on MTT assay revealed that all vegetable soups had strong inhibitory effects against CT26 mouse colon cancer cells, with soups including Solomon’s seal being most effective based on comparison of IC50 values. Apoptosis in response to vegetable soup was occurred by 3-5 fold on cancer cells compared to normal cells. Mouse splenocytes increased by 266-541% in response to addition of vegetable soup in an in vitro proliferation experiment. In co-culture with splenocytes and CT26 cancer cells, splenocytes increased by more than 280% in every vegetable soup treatment, while cancer cells decreased by about 60% and cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-12 were secreted from splenocytes in high levels only in response to vegetable soup including Solomon’s seal. In conclusion, all vegetable soups developed in this study had anti-cancer effects, and vegetable soup including Solomon’s seal showed the strongest anti-cancer and immuno-stimulatory effects. These results suggest that functionality of vegetable soup could be increased by changes in manufacturing processes and raw materials composition.

Fludarabine, a chain terminating anti-cancer drug, is a purine analogue that causes DNA strand breaks in normal cells. In this study, we determined if A. melanocarpa and Korean red ginseng extract mixture reduce cytotoxicity of fludarabine. Treatment of HaCaT cells with 10 μM of fludarabine for 24 hours decreased cell viability and increased DNA strand breaks. Treatment of A. melanocarpa and Korean red ginseng extract mixture for 24 hours increased cell viability as compared with single extract treatment. The protective effect of these extracts on cell activity increased in a concentration-dependent manner. DNA strand breaks induced by fludarabine decreased as concentration of extract mixture increased. p-H2AX level, a marker of DNA strand breakage, decreased depending on the concentration of extract mixture. The effect of mixed extract of A. melanocarpa and Korean red ginseng on DNA damage is due to the anti-oxidative effect of A. melanocarpa and signal transmission through glucocorticoid receptor upon binding of saponin of Korean red ginseng.

버섯은 우리나라에서 식용으로 널리 이용되고 있는 식품으로 많은 연구들에서 다양한 생리활성 효과에 대한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 다양한 버섯 중에서 최근 많이 이용되고 있는 느타리버섯 추출물을 이용하여 항산화 활성 및 세포 독성 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구결과, 느타리버섯의 총 폴리페놀 함량과 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 30.2±0.7 mg%와 20.4±0.6 mg%로 나타났다. 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 mg/mL 농도에서의 DPPH radical 소거능은 0.625의 농도에서 4.5±0.1%, 1.25의 농도에서 11.0±0.4%, 2.5 mg/mL 농도에서 23.2±0.1%, 5.0 mg/mL 농도에서 44.1±0.6%의 결과를 보였다. 환원력은 5 mg/mL의 농도에서 1.648±0.047로 가장 높은 환원력을 보여주어 시료의 농도가 증가할수록 흡광도 값도 증가하여 높은 환원력을 나타내었다. 느타리버섯 물 추출물의 인간 정상 신장세포 HEK293을 이용한 정상세포에 대한 세포 독성을 측정한 결과에서는 느타리버섯 물 추출물 80.5%의 생존력을 나타내어 독성이 없는 것으로 보였다. 한편, 이들 버섯 추출물의 암세포 성장 억제에 미치는 영향을 검색한 간암세포 생육 저해능의 결과는 최고 5 mg/mL의 농도에서 70.0± 5.3%의 세포 생존력을 나타내어, 암세포 성장에는 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 사료된다.

Background. Vitamin K (VK) is a fat-soluble vitamin and is known to have anticancer activity in various cancer cell lines. However, there is no report on the anticancer effect of VK2 in mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells. Methods. The effects of VK2 on anti-proliferative and apoptotic activity were recognized by the trypan blue exclusion assay, 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and Western blot analysis. Results. The results showed that VK2 decreased cell viability and induced apoptotic programmed cell death in MC3 cells evidenced by the cleavages of caspase3 and PARP. VK2 treatment clearly increased Bak and truncated Bid (t-Bid) compared with the control treatment whereas it did not alter other Bcl-2 family members. Conclusions. Overall, our results suggest that VK2 can be a good apoptotic inducer accompanied by the increase in Bak and Bid protein. VK2 may be a potent target of anticancer drug candidate for the treatment of oral cancer.

The present study is designed to explore an anti-tumor activity on crude extracts of Oplopanax elatus. Water extractions of Oplopanax elatus were performed at 100℃(OeE-100). OeE-100 doses up to 62.5 ㎍/㎖ had no cytotoxicity on the tumor cell lines in vitro. In experimental lung metastasis of colon26-M3.1 carcinoma or B16-BL6 melanoma, the prophylactic intravenous (4~100 ㎍/mouse) or oral (2 ㎎/mouse) administration of OeE-100 significantly inhibited tumor metastasis as compared with tumor controls. Peritoneal macrophages stimulated with OeE-100 produced various cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12. In an analysis of NK-cell activities, i.v. administration of OeE-100 (10~100 ㎍/mouse) significantly augmented the cytotoxicity to YAC-1 tumor cells. Vaccination of mice with boiling-treated tumor cells (BT-vaccine) in combination with OeE-100 (100 ㎍/mouse) showed higher inhibitions in tumor metastasis when compared with the mice of BT-vaccine treatment. In addition, the splenocytes from OeE-100 admixed BT-vaccine immunized mice secreted a higher concentration of Th1 type cytokine such as IFN-γ. These results suggested that the OeE-100 stimulated immune system and was a good candidate adjuvant of anti-tumor immune responses.

팽이버섯은 우리나라에서 생산되는 식용버섯 증에서 가장 생산시스템이 자동화와 규모화로 외국에 수출하는 버섯 중에 주력 품목이다. 대량생산이 가능해지면서 소비량보다 생산량이 많아지면서 국내 출하가격의 하락으로 2005년도에는 생산비 이하까지 하락하기도 하였다. 이 런 팽이버섯은 재배농가는 급속이 감소하여 10농가 이하의 농가에서 버섯을 생산하고 있으며, 대형농가의 작황에 따라 수출 및 국내가격의 오르내리는 경향을 보이고 있는 불안정한 양상 을 보이고 있다. 근본적으로 국내의 소비량을 증가하지 않는 경우에 지금과 같은 현상이 계 속 발생할 것으로 보인다. 기본적으로 버섯이 영양분을 활용하는 방식은 배지재료를 효소를 분비하여 당과 아미노산 등의 소단위의 물질을 만들어 세포벽을 통하여 흡수 양분을 이용하 므로 팽이버섯 배지에 아미노산을 첨가하여 흡수정도 및 기능성의 변화를 검토하였다. 사용 한 공시균주 ASI 4031균주등 4균주, 처리 아미노산은 Ala, Cys, Gln, Glu, Ser을 배지수분 조 절용 수분에 0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3%로 희석하여 항암효과를 검토하였다. 처리 아미노산 종류 중에 서 Alanine 및 Glutamine이 팽이버섯 배지에 첨가하는 경우는 모든 공시균주에서 처리량의 증가에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 균주 및 처리 아미노산에 따라 차이가 있으나 대부 분 5 - 10%의 위암세포 저지율이 증가되었다. 하지만 간암에서는 위암과는 다르게 증가하는 경향을 보이지 않았다.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of fucoidan on the activation of macrophage and on induction of apoptosis in AGS cell. To measure the activity of macrophages, NO and TNF-α assays were performed in Raw 264.7 cell. Treatment with fucoidan significantly increased production of NO and TNF-α, indicating activation of macrophages. The result of MTT assay shows that cell viability was significantly decreased in a dose and time-dependent manner. Fucoidan increased to enhance mitochondrial membrane permeability, as well as the cytochrome c release from the mitochondria. Fucoidan decreased Bcl-2 and XIAP expression, whereas the expression of Bax was increased in a time-dependent manner compared to the control. In addition, the active forms of caspase-9 were increased, and the inactivation of Akt was decreased in a time-dependent manner. Caspase inhibitor, z-VADFMK, canceled the apoptosis of fucoidan, expression of Bax and caspase-9 were decrease. These results indicate that fucoidan induces activation of macrophage and apoptosis through activation of caspase on AGS cell.

Various types of tea are consumed as a popular beverage worldwide particularly in Asian countries such as Korea, China, and Japan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mineral contents, antioxidant properties and anticancer activity of Yak-Sun tea that is prepared by six oriental medicinal herbs. The results of the mineral contents were as follows; Ca, Mg, and Na contents were higher than those of green tea, whereas Fe, P, and K contents were lower than those of green tea. The total phenolics and flavonoid content of the Yak-Sun tea were higher than those of green and black teas. The IC₅₀ values of DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging of Yak-Sun tea were 0.78, 1.58, and 2.04 ㎎/㎖, respectively, whereas the radical scavenging values of α-tocopherol was 0.06, 0.05, and 0.09 ㎎/㎖, respectively. When cancer cells were treated with Yak-Sun tea, the anticancer activity increased in a dose dependent manner. HCT116 colon cancer cell lines were dramatically increased, as compared to other cancer cell lines, such as MCF-7, H460, and MKN45 cell lines. The results of this study demonstrated that Yak-Sun tea could function as a tea to enhance health conditions for antioxidant and anticancer activity.

Grifola frondosa has been used as an herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer, diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure. In this study, functional polysaccharide was obtained from Grifola frondosa using four different extraction methods: hot water(HwFP), homogenize(HgFP), acid(AcFP), and alkali(AlFP) extraction methods. The effects of these extracts on KB and HepG2 cell lines were then examined for any anti-cancer activity. Alkaline extraction produced a yield of 0.175% and the total sugar content of the extract was 54.97%. We were able to confirm that the polysaccharide extracts from the mushroom produce an anti-cancer effect. The cytotoxicity of AlFP and AcFP against HepG2 cells were 22.86% and 28.88%, respectively, and the cytotoxicity of AlFP against the KB cell lines was 47.76% at a concentration of 1, 000 ㎍/㎖. Therefore, these results suggest that the optimum method for extracting functional polysaccharides from G. frondosa is the alkali extraction method.

PDT is an established cancer treatment modality. This can be attributed to the attractive basic concept of PDT; Combination of two therapeutic agents, a photosensitizing drug and light, which are relatively harmless by themselves but when combined, cause more or less selective tumor destruction. Hematoporphyrin-derived photosensitizers are known to be stable and highly efficient. In this study, we conducted a series of experiments to develop light-induced anticancer drugs against oral cancer cells. We tested the cytotoxicity of photodin by MTT assay and observed cell death pattern (apoptosis or necrosis) by hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide staining methods after PDT. IC50 value of photodin was 0.65 ug/ml. At higher doses of photodin ( > 7.8 ug/ml), cancer cells died exclusively from necrosis after PDT. By contrast, at IC50 value, photodin induced cancer cell to undergo apoptotic cell death. The induction begins approximately 6 hours after PDT. We investigated intracellular localization of photodin by oral cancer cell via confocal laser scanning microscopy. Oral cancer cells dual-stained with photodin and organelle-specific fluorescence probes (Mitotracker, Lysotracker, ER-Tracker) revealed that an intracellular fluorescence distribution was restricted to cytoplasmic compartments with no detectable fluorescence in the nucleus. Confocal images of cells containing photodin were overlapped with the mitochondria-specific fluorescence probe images of the same cells. These results demonstrated that photodin may play the role of a photosensitizer for oral squamous cancer cells without swelling and inflammation. Therefore, photodin-based PDT is a suitable treatment for oral cavity carcinoma patients.

버섯에서 유효성분의 추출은 Dong 등(Dong et al., 2002)의 방법에서 최초 추출방법을 변형하여 실시하였는바, Dong 등 은 100℃에서 물중탕하여 추출하였으나 Guterrez 등(Guterrez et al., 2004)은 60℃에서 추출하는 것이 가장 바람직하다 고 보고한 바 있어, 본 연구에서는 Guterrez 등의 방법에 따라 60℃에서 물중탕하였으며, 다른 과정은 Dong 등의 방법에 준하여 유효성분을 추출하였다. 당 성분의 검정은 Lane 등의 방법에 따라 phenol-sulfuric acid 법(Chaplin and Kennedy, 1994)을 이용하였다. 항암 기능성물질은 추출, 분리 및 정제과정에서 수집된 각 분획을 취하여 syringe filter (0.22μm)를 통과시킨 후 항암성 물질 검색시료로 사용하였다. 항산화 효과 test는 아가리쿠스버섯 자실체 50g에 증류수 500ml를 가하 고 100℃에서 1시간동안 열수 처리하여 얻은 물추출액과 메탄올 500ml를 가하여 상온에서 36시간 동안 방치한 후 얻어 진 메탄올 추출액을 시료로 사용하였다. 항암 기능성물질은 배양 암세포에 첨가하여 나타나는 세포독성을 사립체 탈수소 효소에 의해서 MTT가formazan을 형성하는 반응원리에 의한 MTT법으로 측정하였다. 아가리쿠스버섯에 함유된 기능성 물질의 항산화 효과를 보기 위하여 흔히 사용되는 항산화 시험법 중의 하나인 Lipid peroxdation(지질과산화) Test인 TBA Test를 시행하였다. 폐암세포(A549)에 대한 2종의 버섯 추출물 분리, 정제 분획을 투여하여 세포독성을 관찰한 결 과 ethanol의 DEAE-cellulose 크로마토그래피 물추출분획(F4)의 세포독성 효과가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 아가 리쿠스의 메탄올 추출액은 현재 가장 널리 사용하는 항산화제인 BHA와 비슷한 수준의 항산화 효과를 보여주었으며 메탄 올 추츨액이 물 추출액보다 항산화 효과가 더 우수하였다.

This study was conducted to test the anticancer effect of photodynamic therapy using chlorophyll derivative (9-HpbD-a) and 632nm diode laser. Human SNU 1041 cells were seeded into 96 well plate of 104cells/well and cultured for 24 hours. Cells were washed with media containing various concentration of 9-HpbD-a ranging from Oug/ml to 3.75ug/ml. Then 932 nm diode laser was given at various lasering time setting, and at various starting time after ini tial 24 hours of culture. The treated cells were incubated 48 hours and tetrazolium-based colorimetric(M'IT) assay was done to measure the viability of cells For in vivo study, SNU- 1041 cells were xenografted into the back of nude mouse. When the xenografted tumors grew up to 400-600 mm3, the animals were randomly placed into 4 groups: Group 1 (n=20) , PDT group, interstitial injection of 9-HpbD- a (47 ug/kg) followed by irradiation with 3.2 J/c야 of light 6 hours after then i띠 ection; Group II (n=lO) , irradiation with 3.2 J/crrf of light using diode laser; Group III (n=lO), in terstitial injection of 9-HpbD- a only(47 ug/kg); Group IV (n=lO), normal control group. The viability of cells was de creased with increasing lasering time No significant difference of cell viability was noted by variously delayed starting time of lasering. PDT effects were observed in the xenografted nude mouse model Group IV (no 9-HpbD-a, no laser irradiation) was a control group which showed a continuous tumor growth. Group III (9-HpbD-a i띠 ection only) showed no response, Group II (laser irradiation only) sho￦ed 1 complete remission out of 10 (10%) , Group 1 (9-HpbD-a and laser irradiation) showed 13 cpmplete remission out of 20 (65%) , Group 1 showed significant remission rate, comparing to other groups (p<0.05). This study demonstrated anticancer effect of photodynamic therapy using 9-HpbD-a and 632nm diode laser on human squamous cell carcinoma cell line.