부산시 천성항 내 훼손이 예상되는 거머리말 서식지의 복원을 위해서 기존 서식지의 현황조사 를 실시하고 인근 두문리 해안에 대체서식지를 조성하여 모니터링을 실시하였다. 2014년 1월 항내 자생하는 거머리말은 수심 1.2∼3.1 m의 범위에서 출현하였고, 수온은 7.4℃, 염분은 29.1 psu, pH는 8.05를 나타냈다. 거머리말의 서식밀도는 167.1±16.4 shoots m-2로 조사되었고, 총길 이 48.5±18.1 cm, 엽초길이 9.1±2.8 cm, 엽폭 4.8±1.1 cm로 조사되었다. 2014년 12월에 이식을 실시한 후 다음해 8월까지 모니터링을 실시하였다. 이식 초기 서식밀도는 감소하여 1월에 8.5 shoots patch-1 값을 나타낸 이후 점차 증가하여 4월에 19.0 shoots patch-1 까지 증가하였다. 총 길이는 73.3±2.9∼121.3±6.1 cm, 엽초길이는 9.6±0.6∼21.0±1.2 cm, 엽폭은 5.7±0.1∼6.8±0.2 mm 로 조사되었고 측정값은 7월까지 꾸준히 증가하다 8월 이후에 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 천성항 내 거머리말 서식지와 이식 초기 대체서식지에서 관찰되지 않았던 생식지(flowering shoot)가 2015년 3월부터 나타나기 시작하여 모니터링 기간 동안 계속 관찰되었으며, 2016년 조사 시 생식지의 씨앗에서 발아한 거머리말을 대체서식지에서 관찰할 수 있었다.

최근 이슬람 시장 진출을 위하여 식물성 단백질를 이용한 한국형 대체육 패티의 K-food 개발이 현저하게 늘어나고 있는 실정이다. 패티는 대표적인 HMR 식품으로, 간편하고 맛이 좋은 특성을 지니나, 패티는 쇠고기나 돼지고기 또는 닭고기 등 육류를 주재료로 하여 제조되므로 에너지와 지방 특히 포화 지방과 콜레스테롤 함량이 높다. 이와 같은 이유로, 품질 개선이나 저장성 향상뿐만 아니라 건강에 긍정적인 특성을 지닌 육가공 대체 패티를 개발하고자 하는 시도들이 이루어지고 있다. 우리나라 소비자들의 패티 제품의 구매 평가 기준은 패티의 맛과 가격, 크기, 영양가 및 원료육의 품질 등에 크게 영향을 받는다. 패티 패티는 주요 성분인 원료육과 지방, 향신료 및 첨가물의 종류에 따라 품질 및 맛의 차이가 나타난다. 패티의 원료육으로는 주로 우육과 돈육이 사용되고 있으며 지방은 대부분 우지방이나 돈지방을 사용하고 있는데, 지방을 사용하는 이유는 맛, 향, 조직감에 영향을 주며, 조리 후의 적당한 다즙성을 유지시켜주는 역할을 할 뿐만 아니라, 영양성분, 가공적성 등에 많은 영향을 주기 때문에 적정량의 지방 첨가는 중요하다. 패티는 대개 20% 내외의 지방을 원료육에 별도로 첨가시키거나, 지방이 붙어 있는 저급육을 사용하여 제조되나, 패티의 성분 중 순수한 정육부분을 제외하고는 지방이 가장 많은 부분을 차지하며, 중요한 풍미 증진 성분이기 때문에 패티 제조 시 지방의 종류나 구성은 매우 중요한 문제이다. 또한 패티나 육제품에 사용되는 지방은 기호적, 이화학적 특성을 향상시키지만 건강기능에 대한 선호도가 높아짐에 따라 이를 대체할 수 있는 방법이 요구되고 있다. 동물성 지방으로 제조된 육제품에 다량 함유되어 있는 포화지방산은 세포내 콜레스테롤을 증가시키며, 여러 심혈관계 질환을 야기시키기 때문에 콜레스테롤이 없고 불포화/포화 지방산의 비율이 높은 식물성 유지를 이용하여 동물성 지방을 대체하려는 연구가 활발히 진행되었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 패티 재료 중 육류를 Texturized Soy Protein(TSP)로 대체하여 저에너지, 저지방 및 저콜레스테롤 패티를 개발하여, 이들 패티의 품질 특성과 관능성 및 기호도를 평가하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 패티 패티 제조 시 첨가되는 동물성 지방인 돈지를 식물성 유지로 대체하여 이화학적 특성 및 관능적 특성을 분석하고자 실시하였다.

Recently, Korean companies have become more interested in overseas market, and semi-finished goods have become more and more active. In addition, most of Korean companies are in the form of Complete Knock Down, which is produced in low-wage countries in accordance with glottalization. As a result of the logistics movement between countries, there are many controversies such as tax problems and transfer of added value. Therefore, most companies set Transfer Price with the support of external organizations. In this paper, we propose a practical method for the proper transfer price setting using the cost-plus pricing method.

Tooth autotransplantation is the placement of an impacted or erupted tooth into an extraction site or surgically prepared dental socket within the same individual. This procedure may become a new treatment alternative, because of its osteogenetic potential and its ability to promote regeneration of alveolar processes. The present study reports the case of a 10-year-old girl whose maxillary central incisor was ankylosed as the result of an injury, and who underwent tooth autotransplantation and orthodontic treatment for the functional and aesthetic recovery of the maxillary central incisor. The transplanted tooth showed satisfactory alveolar bone recovery, and orthodontic tooth movement. No complications occurred. We chose to report this case because it illustrates the autotransplantation of a premolar in a child scheduled for orthodontic treatment, including tooth extraction. The procedure showed good prognosis in terms of the recovery of an anterior tooth affected by an injury.

식물성 대체식육 제조의 기초단계로 Soy protein isolate (SPI)를 이용한 dough의 물성학적 변화에서 CaCl2과 glucono-delta-lactone (GdL)에 의한 textural properties 영향에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. Soy protein isolate 20% (w/w) dough에 CaCl2 (0~2.0 g/100g) 또는 GdL (0~2.0 g/100g)을 첨가하여 90°C 30 min 열처리 후 textural profile analysis를 평가하였다. CaCl2 농도가 증가함에 따라 SPI dough의 hardness, gumminess, chewiness, cohesiveness, resilience가 점차 감소하였다. 반면 GdL 첨가에 의해서 hardness, gumminess, chewiness의 유의적 증가가 관찰되었고, cohesiveness, resilience가 약간 감소되었다. SPI dough의 springiness 변화에서 CaCl2 또는 GdL 첨가에 의한 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 보수력 변화에서 CaCl2 1.5, 2.0 g/100g 첨가량에서 보수력의 유의적 감소가 관찰되었고, GdL 첨가량 0-2.0 g/100g 범위에서 보수력 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. Ca2+과 GdL은 protein coagulation에 영향을 미쳐서 SPI dough의 물성 변화가 유도된 것으로 사료되었다. 이를 근거로 향후 SPI를 이용한 식물성 대체식육 제조 시 anisotropic texture를 유도할 수 dough제조를 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 한다.

대형 선박의 Cargo Oil Pump Driving Steam Turbine 내에 설치되는 COPT (Cargo Oil Pump Turbine)는 유조선에 탑재되어 탱크에 저장되어 있는 유류를 다른 저장소로 하역하는데 사용되는 필수 장치이다. 펌프 터빈의 로터를 고속으로 회전시켜 유류를 고속으로 이송하는 역할을 하는데, COPT의 Rotor Disc는 터빈의 로터를 고속으로 회전 시키는 주요 핵심부품이다. 로터 디스크는 inner ring에 터빈 블레이드를 조립하고 원주방향의 끝 부분에 shroud 커버를 조립하여 블레이드의 테논을 리벳팅으로 마무리하고 체결하여 고속회전 시 안전성을 담보한다. 리벳팅은 오랜 수작업의 전통 체결방식으로서, 가해지는 힘의 정도에 따라 리벳 헤드부분이 깨지거나 변형되어 크랙이 발생할 수 있으며 또한 블레이드의 중량이 불균형되어 Balancing에 문제가 생길 수도 있다. 또한 오랜 수작업으로 인해 작업자의 근골격계 질환이나 직업병 유발 및 산재사고의 위험에 처할 수 도 있다. 본 연구에서는 shroud 커버가 없는 블레이드 형상을 설계하여 리벳팅 작업을 제거한 로터 디스크를 개발한다. 블레이드의 설계 시 구조안전성을 평가하고 설계 안전율을 점검한다. 설계형상을 대상으로 피로수명을 분석하고 수명을 예측하여 새로운 로터 디스크가 장착되어도 사용상의 안전성이나 내구성을 보장할 수 있도록 한다.

포식성노린재는 최근 시설재배지에서 활용가치가 높이 평가되기 시작하고 있다. 이에 우리는 포식성노린재중담배장님노린재를 포장에 정착시키기 위한 방법을 모색하였다. 포식성노린재류의 먹이인 가루이류, 진딧물류 등의해충이 발생하지 않은 포장에 방사할 경우, 담배장님노린재는 먹이가 없어 방사한 포장에 정착하지 못하고 외부로날아가 비용대비 효과를 얻기 어려운 경우가 발생할 수 있다. 이에 우리는 국내에서 유통되고 있는 담배장님노린재를해충이 발생하지 않는 포장에 조기정착시키기 위한 방법으로, 유인식물로 알려진 참깨를 활용하여 담배장님노린재를정착시키고자 하였다. 또한, 농가에서 참깨 등 유인식물을 미리 준비하지 못한 경우를 대비하여 대체먹이를 선발하고자하였다. Ephestia kuehniella, Artemia franciscana, Typha angustifolia 등을 먹이로 제공한 결과, 담배장님노린재 약충발육기간은 각각 12.8, 13.5, 17.5일이었다.

This study was conducted to investigate the optimum additive ratio of barley flour when used instead of cotton seed meal for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms. Mycelial growth was the fastest to 11.4 cm in medium containing 5% barley flour and to 9.0 cm in medium containing 30% barley flour. The mycelial density was slightly lower at 5% and 10% of barley powder addition, but there was no significant difference between the other treatments. The yield of the fruiting bodies was 158 g/850 mL, which was highest on treatment with 10% barley flour as a substitute for cotton seed meal. However, this was lower on treatments with only barley flour than in the control (156 g/850 mL). The diameter of the pileus and the hardness of stipes were highest with 10% barley flour and 10% in cotton seed meal, respectively. The L value was highest with 10% added barley flour, but the a-value and the b-value were not significantly different between treatments. The pH of the mixed media before inoculation with Pleurotus ostreatus was 4.7–5.0, and the total nitrogen content was 1.7–2.2, which was slightly lower than that of the control. The total carbon content was 44.6–45.0, which was not significantly different from that of the control. However, the content of trace elements such as Cu and Fe was lower than those of the control.

The biomethane fuel used in this study was produced from domestic biogas plants and used the same fuel currently used for CNG vehicles. The components were analyzed, and a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC/MS) was used for component analysis. As a result of analyzing 4 peak values of them, phenethylamine, cyclotrisiloxane, cyclotetrasiloxane and cyclopentasiloxane were detected at the running times of 1.422min, 6.550min, 11.500min, and 14.833min. Most of them were composed of siloxane series, and some other components were present.

PURPOSES: This study proposes the road asset valuation approach using alternative depreciation methods. It has become necessary to have asset management system according to the adoption of accrual basis accounting for governmental financial reporting and the amendment of the road act. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the effect of depreciation methods on road asset value as a basic research for road asset management system. METHODS: The Ministry of Strategy and Finance (MOSF) has mainly performed road asset valuation based on Write down Replacement Cost and Straight Line depreciation method. This study suggests some appropriate asset valuation methods for road assets through case analysis using three depreciation methods: Consumption-based depreciation method, Condition-based depreciation method, and Straight Line depreciation method. A road asset valuation data of national highway route 1 (year 2014) is used to analyze the effect of three depreciation methods on the road asset value. Road assets include land and structures (pavement, bridge, and tunnel). This study mainly focuses on structures such as bridges and tunnels, because according to governmental accounting standards, land and road pavement assets do not depreciate. RESULTS : The main results of this study are as follows. Firstly, overall asset value of national highway route 1 was estimated at 6.97 trillion KRW when MOSF's method (straight-line depreciation method) is applied. Secondly, asset value was estimated at 4.85 trillion KRW on application of consumption-based depreciation method. Thirdly, asset value was estimated at 4.37 trillion KRW when condition-based depreciation method is applied. Therefore, either consumption-based or condition-based depreciation methods would be more appropriate than straight-line depreciation method if we can use the condition data of road assets including land that are available in real time. CONCLUSIONS : Since road assets such as pavements, bridges, and tunnels have various patterns of deterioration and condition monitoring period, it is necessary to consider a specific valuation method according to the condition of each road asset. Firstly, even though road pavements do not depreciate, asset valuation through condition-based depreciation method would be more appropriate when requirements for application of non-depreciation approach are not satisfied. Since bridge and tunnel facilities show various patterns of deterioration and condition monitoring period by type and condition level, consumption-based depreciation method based on deterioration model would be appropriate. Therefore, it is necessary to have a reasonable asset management system to apply condition-based depreciation method and a periodic condition investigation to manage road assets well.

In this study, we attempted to find alternative materials to rice bran (Japonica in Korea) such as rice bran pellet (Indica in Pakistan), corn distillers dried grains with solubles, sesame oil meal, and kapok meal for bottle cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii. Among all treatments, the total carbon content of the mixed substrate was the highest in T1 and the total nitrogen content was the highest in T4. The C/N ratio of T2 was comparable to that of the control and was higher than that of other treatments. The diameter of the pileus was the largest in T1 and T2, and the length of the stipe was the largest in T1 and T2. The yield and bio-efficiency of the fruit body were higher in T2 than in the other treatments, and were similar to that of the control plot. Therefore, the findings of our study suggest that rice bran pellet (Indica in Pakistan) could be a suitable alternative to rice bran (Japonica in Korea) for the cultivation of P. eryngii.

Phthalates, known as typical endocrine disruptors, are plasticizers used to soften plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Because of their material properties, phthalates are used extensively in the production of toys, flooring, wood processing, detergents, and even cosmetics as lubricants and perfume solvents. Due to their endocrine disrupting effect and other adverse health effects published, recently, phthalates have been regulated in many countries. Besides, in an effort to replace phthalates, several chemical plasticizers such as trioctyltrimellitate (TOTM) and dioctylterephthalate (DIOP) have been used instead of the existing harmful phthalates, and novel alternatives are continuously being developed. Nonetheless, phthalates are still being detected in several plastic products, and the safety of alternatives that are considered safe is being questioned. In this review, we describe the adverse health effects of phthalates, their regulation and the current status of their alternatives.

This study was conducted to optimize the conditions of a sweet rice paste as a replacement of red bean paste recipe using the central composite design of response surface methodology (RSM). Ten experimental recipes with two reference points (rice flour and sugar), were selected, and the physical and sensory characteristics of a sweet rice paste were measured. In the Rapid Visco Analyzer test, breakdown value was the highest in rice flour (105.73 RVU). Sweetness significantly increased with addition of sugar contents (p<0.0002) and viscosity increased with addition of rice flour contents (p<0.0185). Moisture contents decreased with increasing contents of rice flour and sugar, whereas yellowness and redness tend to increase. In the sensory evaluation test, quadratic models for color (p<0.01865), sweetness (p<0.0399), thickness (p<0.0073), and overall acceptability (p<0.0249) were approved as independent for the rice flour and sugar contents. In conclusion, the optimal mixing ratio of sweet rice paste was determined to be 45.38 g of rice flour and 77.95 g of sugar.

In the coagulation/sedimentation (C/S) process of the water treatment process, the inflow of massive algal bloom causes many problems including fouling of filter media. This study was conducted to find out the way to remove the algae’s harmful effects by addition of pre-treatment prior to C/S process. Many Jar-tests were conducted such as ① ACF (Algae Coagulation·Flotation) process using natural algae coagulant (Water Health®), ② ACF + C/S process and ③ C/S process with a variety of conditions using cultured algae. The average values of turbidity were ① 0.42 NTU for ACF process, ② 0.13 NTU for ACF + C/S process and ③ 0.25 NTU for C/S process. It was shown that the treatment efficiency of ACF process could get low turbidity results, and ACF + C/S process could achieve more efficient results than those of C/S process. Any negative effects of ACF process to the efficiency of C/S process were not observed in ACF + C/S process. In order to reduce the unfavorable effects of algae, it was found out that the introduction of ACF process in the forms of ① ACF or ② ACF + C/S could be one of the effective and alternative solutions.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of various feeds on body length, width, and weight, and larval mortality of white-spotted flower chafer (Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis Kolbe). The feeds , aloe, apple, banana, persimmon and sweet pumpkin were tested to measure the developmental parameters. The result showed that no any significant effect of feeds on the larval weight in the early. However, as larva get matured, the effects of feeds on the developmental parameters were found significantly varied. Weight of larvae, cumulative increase on body length and width, and body weight were also found increase in case of apple feeding. Lowest increment of developmental parameters were reported in banana feeding. Highest mortality (11.2%) was occurred in aloe, banana, persimmon and sweet pumpkin feeding. Lowest mortality (9.9%) rate was observed in apple. Feeds such as apple, sweet pumpkin, and aloe can be used as a optimum diet for mass rearing of P. brevitarsis seulensis in laboratory.