The effects of coating materials on germination, establishment and herbage production were investigated in a laboratory and field over 1988-1989. For this purpose, four treatments of lime 50 % + briquet ash 50 %, briquet ash, dairy excreta and fowldung as

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 톨 페스큐의 채종재배(採種栽培)를 위(爲)한 적당(適當)한 휴폭(畦幅)과 파종량(播種量)을 구명(究明)코자 휴폭(畦幅) 3 수준(水準)(12, 18 및 24cm), 파종량(播種量) 4 방법(方法)(10, 15, 20 및 25kg/ha)으로 분할구(分割區) 4반복(反覆)으로 포장(圃場) 배치(配置)하여 1979년(年) 9월(月)부터 1981년(年) 10월(月)까지 축산시험장(畜産試驗場)에서 실시(實施)하였던 바 그 결과(結果)를 요

Italian ryegrass의 종자생산(種子生産)을 위한 파종적기(播種適期)와 파종적량(播種適量)을 구명(究明)하기 위하여 4배체품종인 Tetrone을 공시(供試)하여 '83. 8. 20.~9. 25.까지 10일간격(日間隔)으로 5개(個) 파종기(播種期)와 1~4kg/10a의 4개(個) 수준(水準)의 파종량(播種量)으로 분할구(分割區) 배치(配置) 3 반복(反覆) 시험(試驗)한바 그 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 아래와

Background: In Korea, seeds of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer need to be stored under cold temperature and high humidity condition for months to break physiological dormancy, making storage difficult until spring-sowing. This study was conducted to test the effects of seed storage conditions and seed treatment on the emergence of seedling after spring-sowing in a nursery greenhouse. Methods and Results: After dehiscence, endocarp dried seeds in mild or completely, and wet seeds were stored in 2℃ and −3.5℃ during winter. Storage at −3.5℃ resulted in a lower emergence rate (ER) than that at 2℃, and additional cold (2℃) treatment before or after storage at −3.5℃ increased the ER. Endocarp dehydration prevented pre-germination at 2℃ storage and increased the ER of seeds stored at −3.5℃. ER was also dependent on the batch of seeds. However, seed treatments before sowing had only limited effects on ER. Root loss was the main reason for damping-off; prolonged cold storage of seeds increased damping-off, as the detection of pathogens was not high. Conclusions: This study showed that storage conditions such as temperature and moisture content of seeds, affect the ER after spring-sowing and vitality of seedlings, suggesting further attention on seed control for secure seedling stands after spring-sowing.

Background : Medicinal crop seeds have low homogeneity and quality of seeds and seedlings because they are self-seeded or produced in farmhouses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop systematic technology for establishment and distribution of seed production technology for stable production of domestic medicinal crops. Methods and Results : The test Agastache rugosa O. K. Kuntze. variety was Jeonnam local variety (Naju species) and was carried out in 2017. The research was divided into two types; seed yield test according to seeding time and seed yield test according to fertilization method. Sowing of the seed yield test according to the seeding time was sown on the seedling tray 4 times from 20 th March to 20 th May at intervals of 20 days, and after the nursery, they were transplanting. The fertilization gave the standard fertilization (N-P-K-compost applied at 12-16-10-600 ㎏/10a) amount before implantation. Sowing of the seed yield test according to fertilization method was sowing in the middle of April. The seedlings were grown for 60 days and then transplanted in the middle of June. Four different fertilization methods were applied and cultivated. Planting density of both tests were spaced 30 ㎝ apart in rows 20 ㎝ apart with non-woven fabric mulching cultivation. The plot design was a randomized block 3 repetitions. Seed yields at the seeding time were the highest at 67 ㎏/10a in sowing on March 20, and the yields decreased as the seeding time passed. Seed yield according to fertilization method was the highest at 75 ㎏/10a in 25% increase control and lowest at 46 ㎏/10a in 50% diminish control. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that the seedlings should be cultivated in the middle of March and cultivated by increasing the fertilization rate by 50%.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate methods to reduce seeding expenses, thereby increasing farm income. This study investigated the effects of rain shelter controlled cultivation and adapted seeding times on the stable seed production of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Methods and Results: Seed germination was conducted under 10 condition compose to control, water washing, cold storage at 4℃ for 15 days, seed sterilization with a benomyl pesticides, hormone treated seed by submerging in 100 ppm GA3 with the cold storage at 20℃ and 25℃, darkness in a covered petridish and illuminated with a 1,500 Lux lamp. There were three cultivation type, open cultivation with non-woven fabric mulching, cultivation with a vinyl covering and rain sheltered in a plastic greenhouse. Sowing dates were April 27, May 18, June 7 and June 28, 2013. Plants were spaced 10 ㎝ apart in rows 30 ㎝ apart. Mixed oil cake fertilizer, N-P2O5-K2O (12-10-10) was applied at 600 ㎏• 10 a−1. Conclusions: Optimum germination occured in darkness at 25℃ and cold storage after submerging in GA3. The highest seed yields (4.5 ㎏• 10 a−1) occurred in the plastic greenhouse for the April 25 sowing. The highest root yield (17%) was found on April 1, under greenhouse conditions.

Seeds of colored rice generally have high anthocyanin and flavonoid content but some cultivars have low seed germination rate. This defect poses unstable seedling establishment in nursery bed. The seed gravity variations of 10 colored rice varieties and its effect on germination, seed soaking duration and their optimum seeding rates for seedling raising in machine transplanting were investigated in the experiment. Based on seed gravity distribution of the 7 black- and 3 red-colored rice varieties at three levels of seed gravity (1.0<, 1.0~1.06, 1.06>), the black colored seeds such as Josaengheugchal and Sinmyungheugchal had high amount of specific gravity of below 1.0 ranging from 86~ 96%, while they had only 3~13% of seeds in specific gravity above 1.06. Sintoheugmi, Heugjinju, Heugnam, Heugkwang had various mass of seeds, showing 29~44% for specific gravity of below 1.0, 24~39% for 1.0~1.06 and 25~45% for above 1.06. On the other hand, the red colored rice such as Hongjinju, Jeogjinju and Geonkanghongmi had high percentage of specific gravity of above 1.06 with 84~86% while they had only 9~12% of specific gravity below 1.0 similar to Ilmibyeo of noncolored rice. The black colored seed generally showed low germination percentage, slow germination speed and long mean germination time, and low water absorption rate as compared with seed of the red colored rice which was similar to those of Ilmibyeo used as a control cultivar. The black colored seeds took 2~4 days longer seed soaking duration than the red colored rice before germination. This was related to high seed amount of specific gravity below 1.0 in black colored rices. The high amount of seed gravity above 1.06 in the colored rice seeds was positively correlated with percentage of germination, germination speed and mean germination time, ripened grain ratio and water absorption. Seed gravity distribution effect were less pronounced between back- and red- colored seeds in seedling emergence. The black colored rice has slightly lower normal seedling emergence rate than the red colored rice and Ilmibyeo in the seedbed soil due to high percentage of ungerminated seed. Normal seedling emergence rate of the black colored rice in the seedbed was 75.2~82.2% for 10-day old seedling and 85.3~ 90.9% for 30-day old seedling which was lower by 4.5~ 8.0% and 0~3.3%, respectively, than the red colored rice. Based on the normal seedling number per tray of Ilmibyeo for seeding rate of 10-day and 30-day old seedlings, the recommended seeding rate of black colored rice is 200~ 220g seeds for the 10-day old seedling and 110~130g for the 30-day old seedling in transplanting rice while the seeding rate of the red colored rice was 220g seeds for the 10-day old seedling and 130g for the 30-day old seedling.

The objective of this study was comparison of seed yields according to different seeding rates, seeding time and application of chemical fertilizations in Yanji region of China. The experiment was conducted on commercial farmland at Yanji region in 2013. All the experimental fields were designed following randomized block design with 3 replicates. The plant spacing was applied as 65×1 cm distance. To check the effect of seeding rate, two different seeding rate, 0.2 kg/0.1ha and 0.5 kg/0.1ha were applied. The higher seed yield was observed in low seeding rate (0.2 kg/0.1ha). The application of fertilizer (mixture of N and P) showed different results following different experimental fields. However, there were little positive effects following fertilizer application into commercial farmland. When we compare seed yields between two different seeding dates, 4th May and 29th May, the earlier seeding date (4th May) showed higher seed yields. In considering these results, low seeding rate and early seeding time is important for getting high camelina seed yields.

호밀은 추위에 강하고 단위 면적당 생산성이 높으며 불리한 토양환경에도 잘 자라는 매우 중요한 사료 및 녹비작 물이다. 그러나 호밀은 타식성이고, 결실기에 도복에 약해 국내 채종이 어려워 대부분 종자를 수입에 의존하고 있 다. 따라서 호밀의 국내 종자자급과 증수요인을 분석하기 위하여 국내 육성품종인 “곡우” 호밀의 재배환경과 초기 생육특성을 조사하였다. 시험장소는 강원도 영월군에 소재한 농가 채종포에서 수행하였으며, 시험처리는 파종량 에 따라 10a당 3, 5, 7 kg 3처리구 3반복으로 2013년 10월 8일에 25 cm 간격으로 세조파기를 이용하여 기계 파종하였 다. 시비는 국립농업과학원 흙토람 프로그램을 이용하여 진단 시비하였다. “곡우” 호밀의 출현기(2013년 10월 20 일)와 출현양부(90% 이상)는 3처리구 모두 동일한 결과를 보였다. 생육재생기(2014년 2월 25일)와 출수기(2014년 4월 26일)도 3처리구 모두 비슷한 결과를 나타냈다. 초기 주간엽수는 파종량이 늘어날수록 감소하는 경향을 보였 고, 반면에 m2당 경수와 이삭수는 파종량이 늘어날수록 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 초기 분얼수는 파종량 5 kg/10a 처리구(17.6개)에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 3 kg/10a 처리구에서 17.0개, 7 kg/10a 처리구에서 15.8개였다.

들깻잎 생산 전용품종은 대부분 만생종으로서 우량종자를 채종하고자 할 경우 도복 등이 발생하지 않아 생육관리가 용이하면서 종실 충실도가 높은 파종적기를 설정할 필요가 있다. 이에 중부지역 비닐하우스에서 잎들깨 생산 전용 품종 '잎들깨 1호'를 시험재료로 하여 5월 6일부터 7월 15일 까지 10일 간격으로 8회 파종하여 생육, 도복 발생 여부, 적산온도 및 수량성을 분석하였다. 1. 파종시기가 늦을수록 경장이 짧아지고, 주경절수, 분지수, 화방군수와 화방당 삭수는 감소되었다. 그러나 파종시기가 빠를수록 지상부 생육이 왕성하여 도복이 발생하였다. 2. 개화일수는 파종시기가 늦어질수록 직선적으로 감소되었는데 5월 6일을 기준으로 파종이 1일 지연되면 개화일수는 0.86일씩 단축되었고, 개화기부터 성숙기까지의 결실일수는 29~31일로 파종기 이동에 따른 차이가 없었다. 3. 등숙립율과 종실수량은 5월 6일 파종부터 6월 15일 파종까지 유의성이 없었고, 6월 25일 파종 이후부터 급격히 감소되었다. 4. 등숙에 필요한 적산온도, 도복 발생 여부, 등숙립율과 발아율 등으로 판단하면 만생종 잎들깨 품종의 중부지역 비닐하우스에서 파종적기는 6월 5일(정식 7월 5일)~6월 15일(정식 7월 15일)이었고, 이때 10월 28일~11월 3일경에 성숙되어 종자생산이 가능하였다. 5. 연차에 따라 0℃ 이하로 떨어지는 시기가 일찍 오는 경우 한해에 의하여 노지재배는 고사될 우려가 있고, 중부지역에서는 비닐하우스를 이용한 잎들깨 채종재배가 가능하였다.

Several presowing seed treatments have been used to facilitate the seed germination and seedling emergence. The study was performed to design a model of presowing seed treatments in Taraxacum platycarpum. Germination and seedling growth responses to temperature, drying, chilling, GA3 and priming were investigated to know the optimum germination conditions and presowing treatment. The optimum temperature condition for germination and seedling growth were 15~20℃ at dark condition. The seeds exposed to infra red light, however, did not germinate. The moisture content of seeds dried at 35℃ for 3.5 hours was returned to the level of unimbibed seeds. The germination of seeds dried under dark condition was better than those dried under infra red light. Prechilling treatment imposed for 6 weeks showed higher germination rate than GA3 treatment or priming. In field test, the highest field emergence was observed in the seeds dried after prechilled for 6 weeks and followed by drying followed by GA3 〉 low temperature 〉 KNO3 priming. Imbibition with 0.1 mM GA3 solution for 2 hours then drying at 35 for 3.5 hour under dark condition was effective to the practical presowing treatment for Taraxacum seeds.

자운영 입모안정화를 위한 적정파종시기 구명을 위해 낙수전 10일부터 낙수후 15일까지 5일 간격으로 파종하여 입모수, 월동율 및 건물생산을 조사한 결과, 월동전 입모수는 파종시기에 관계없이 670-575개/㎡ 높았으나 월동율과 월동후㎡당 입모수는 낙수후 5일까지는 각각 79.1～82.8%, 530～670개로 높은 반면, 낙수 10일 이후 늦게 파종할 경우 월동율은 41.1～62.0%, ㎡당 입모수는 238～418개로 낮았다. 다음해 건물 생산량도 낙수후 5일까지는 57.3～68.1g/㎡으로 높았으나 낙수 10일 이후 파종은 생육이 불량하여 38.6～42.7g/㎡으로 낮았다. 또, 너무 일찍 파종시(낙수 10일전)입모수가 낙수 5일전～낙수 5일 후 파종보다 적고 월동율이 낮았다. 따라서 안전 입모수 및 생초량을 확보할 수 있는 적정 파종시기는 낙수 5일전(9월20일)～낙수 5일후(9월 30일) 이었다.

Various presowing seed treatments have been used to enhance the rates of germination and afterward seedling emergence. Seeds treated by them occasionally have not shown the same rate in indoor and field. The presowing treatments considering germination mechanism and factors affecting germination should be totally included in indoor experiments so that the results drawn could be reproduced in the field. Seed drying after the treatments and field conditions after sowing especially able to show Phytochromemediated responses related to light treatment must be determined prior to force the treatments to seeds. After set up these prerequisites to promote the rates of germination and emergence, many seed treatments proposed so far must be fixed how to be done; alone, sequential and simultaneous.