nanoparticle was synthesized by the flame method, which was controlled by varying the ratio and flow rate of gas mixtures consisting of oxygen (oxidizer), methane (fuel) and nitrogen (carrier gas). The crystalline phases of nanoparticle depended strongly on the temperature distribution in the flame, whereas the morphology was not sensitive. We proved that the anatase phase formed without the phase transformation in the flame and the rutile phase generated through several phase transformations.

Maghemite and hematite nanospheres were synthesized by using the Sol-gel technique. The structural properties of these nanosphere powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and pore size distribution. Hematite phase shows crystalline structures. The mean particle size that resulted from BET and XRD analyses were 4.9 nm and 2 nm. It can be seen from transmission electron microscopy that the size of the particles are very small which is in good agreement with the FESEM and the X-ray diffraction. The BET and pore size method were employed for specific surface area determination.

Using microwave synthesized HAp nano powder and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a pore-forming agent, the porous biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics were fabricated depending on the sintering temperature. The synthesized HAp powders was about 70-90 nm in diameter. In the porous sintered bodies, the pores having were homogeneously dispersed in the BCP matrix. Some amounts of pores interconnected due the necking of PMMA powders which will increase the osteoconductivity and ingrowth of bone-tissues while using as a bone substrate. As the sintering temperature increased, the relative density increased and showed the maximum value of 79.6%. From the SBF experiment, the maximum resorption of ion was observed in the sample sintered at .

Close-coupled atomizers are of great interest and controlling their performance parameters is critical for metal powder producing and spray forming industries. In this study, designed close-coupled nozzle systems were used to investigate the effect of the nozzle types and protrusion length of the melt delivery tube on the pressure formation at the melt delivery tube tip. The observed metal flow rate was not behaving as what was earlier assumed, namely that, deeper aspiration enhanced metal flow rate. Higher aspiration pressure at the tip of the melt delivery tube increases the stability of atomization process.

The n-type compound was newly fabricated by gas atomization and hot extrusion, which is considered to be a mass production technique of this alloy. The effect of powder size on thermoelectric properties of 0.04% doped alloy were investigated. Seebeck coefficient and Electrical resistivity increased with increasing powder size due to the decrease in carrier concentration by oxygen content. With increasing powder size, the compressive strength of alloy was increased due to the relative high density. The compound with size shows the highest power factor among the four different powder sizes. The rapidly solidified and hot extruded compound using powder size shows the highest compressive strength.

Synthesis of iron nanopowder by room-temperature electrochemical reduction process of nanopowder was investigated in terms of phase evolution and microstructure. As process variables, reduction time and applied voltage were changed in the range of h and V, respectively. From XRD analyses, it was found that volume of Fe phase increased with increasing reduction time and applied voltage, respectively. The crystallite size of Fe phase in all powder samples was less than 30 nm, implying that particle growth was inhibited by the reaction at room temperature. Based on the distinct equilibrium shape of crystalline particle, phase composition of nanoparticles was identified by TEM observation.

The process of coprecipitation of biocomposite hydroxyapatite/chitosan from aqueous solution at low temperature in alkali environnement was examined. We have shown that initially we have the formation of amorphous octocalcium phosphates and the transferring from OCP to amorphous calcium phosphate , and then from TCP to calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite . The transformation of ACP to HAP was inhibited in the presence of chitosan. The result suggests that there is an affinity binding between ACP and chitosan and subsequently blocking the active growth site of ACP.

Novel bisphenol-based wholly aromatic poly(ether sulfone-ketone) copolymer containing pendant sulfonate groups were prepared by direct aromatic nucleophilic substitution polycondensation of 4,4-difluorobenzophenone, 2,2'-disodiumsulfonyl-4,4'-fluorophenylsulfone (40mole% of bisphenol A) and bisphenol A. Polymerization proceeded quantitatively to high molecular weight in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone at . Organic-inorganic composite membranes were obtained by mixing organic polymers with hydrophilic (ca. 20nm) obtained by sol-gel process. The polymer and a series of composite membranes were studied by FT-IR, , differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal stability. The proton conductivity as a function of temperature decreased as content increased, but methanol permeability decreased. The nano composite membranes were found to posse all requisite properties; Ion exchange capacity (1.2meq./g), glass transition temperatures , and low affinity towards methanol .

Branched sulfonated poly(ether sulfone-ketone) copolymer was prepared with bisphenol A, 4,4-difluorobenzophenone, sulfonated chlorophenyl sulfone (40mole% of bisphenol A) and THPE (1,1,1-tris-p-hydroxyphenylethane). THPE was used 0.4 mol% of bisphenol A to synthesize branched copolymers. Organic-inorganic nano composite membranes were prepared with copolymer and a series of nanoparticles (20 nm, 4, 7 and 10 wt%). The composite membranes were cast from dimethylsulfoxide solutions. The films were converted from the salt to acid forms with dilute hydrochloric acid. The membranes were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Sorption experiments were conducted to observe the interaction of sulfonated polymers with water and methanol. Branched copolymer and nano composite membranes exhibit proton conductivities from to , water uptake from 52.9 to 62.4%, IEC from 0.81 to 1.21 meq/g and methanol diffusion coefficients from to .

The horizontal high energy rotor ball mill () is used to break and activate dry solids. It is used for dry-milling and in the vertical mount for wet-milling in leaching processes. Technical electric arc furnace (EAF) dust with high contents of zinc oxide, zinc ferrite and magnetite is efficiently separated by ambient temperature leaching. The process shows promise for industrial application

Chip breaker of cutting tool is an important feature to enhance cutting performance. Powder injection molding process was used to produce a triangular-shape cermet grooving insert which has three chip breakers. Attrition milled cermet powders were mixed with wax-based binder system in continuous twin screw extruder. Three-plate injection mold with slide cores was used to produce injection-molded parts. After molding, solvent and thermal debinding was carried out. Sintering was conducted in a batch furnace with a graphite heater. The sintered parts satisfy the requirements of dimensional tolerances and material properties.

The kneading process and formulations of feedstock obviously affect the quality of MIM products. In the present work, the rheological behaviour of the composite MIM feedstock, metal matrix (Cu) with few additions of ceramic powders (Al2O3), was measured by a self-designed/manufactured simple capillary rheometer. Experimental results show that the distribution between powders and binder is more uniformly when blending time increased. Though high powder loading will increase the feedstock viscosity, the fluidity reveals relatively stable through the load curves of extrusion. Besides, the temperature-dependence of viscosity of the feedstock approximately follows an Arrehnius equation. Basing on Taguchi’s method, the kneading optimization conditions and the rheological model of the feedstock were established, respectively.

Powder Injection Molding (PIM) has recently been recognized as an advanced manufacturing technology for low-cost mass production of metal or ceramic parts of complicated geometry. With this regards, design technology of dental scaler tip PIM mold, which has complex shape, with the help of computer-aided analysis for powder injection molding process was developed. Compter aided analysis results, such as filling pattern, weldline formation, and air vent position prediction were investigated and eventually showed good agreements with experimental results.

With the capability of net shaping for complex 3D geometry, powder injection molding (PIM) is widely used for automotive parts, electronics and medical industry. In this study, an ultrasonic dental scaler tip produced by machining process was redesigned for the PIM process. An injection mold was designed and machined to produce the dental scaler tip by the PIM process.