Korea`s industrial death rate is 13 percent in 2015. It’s five times higher than the OECD average. Economic losses due to industrial accidents continue to grow, reaching 19 trillion won in natural disaster losses equivalent to 1.1 trillion won, requiring fundamental changes in industrial safety levels. In this study, We classified the risk of accidents in industrial complex of Ulju-gun using spacial analysis and decision tree methodologies. We draw the main factors that affect the accident and developed the four risk category(alert, hazard, caution, and attention). It is judged to be available in different policy decisions for different types, such as those used by different types of risk ratings, targeted education, and technical support.

Fe-Si-Cr ferroalloy is predominantly produced by carbothermic reduction. In this study, silicothermic and carbothermic mixed reduction of chromite ore to produce Fe-Si-Cr alloy is suggested. As reductants, silicon and silicon carbide are evaluated by thermochemical calculations, which prove that silicon carbide can be applied as a raw material. Considering the critical temperature of the change from the carbide to the metallic form of chromium, thereduction experiments were carried out. In these high temperature reactions, silicon and silicon carbide act as effective reductants to produce Fe-Si-Cr ferroalloy. However, at temperatures lower than the critical temperature, silicon carbide shows a slow reaction rate for reducing chromite ore. For the proper implementation of a commercial process that uses silicon carbide reductants, the operation temperature should be kept above the critical temperature. Using equilibrium calculations for chromite ore reduction with silicon and silicon carbide, the compositions of reacted metal and slag were successfully predicted. Therefore, the mass balance of the silicothermic and carbothermic mixed reduction of chromite ore can be proposed based on the calculations and the experimental results.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of ‘becoming a mother’, regarding juvenile unmarried mothers in shelter facilities. Methods: Data were collected by in-depth interviews with seven juvenile, unmarried mothers being under 24 years of age, and raising their children. The data were analyzed by using Qualitative Content Analysis. Results: Five categories resulted from the experiences of ‘becoming a mother’. They were identified as: ‘Pregnancy’, ‘Raising the Child’, ‘Living in a Shelter Facility’, ‘Living as an Unmarried Mother’, and finally ‘Preparing for the Future’. Conclusion: The shelter facility was perceived as a safe place for raising children by juvenile unmarried mothers, who had chosen to give birth and raise children after being abandoned by their families. However, they felt that living in the shelter was a stigma and simultaneously they should think that they ought to leave the place in the near future. In truth, their real life was grimmer than their thought. In this respect, policies should be changed to support them to raise children and be prepared to live with their children. Without any sense of stigma or discrimination as juvenile unmarried mothers, policies should support that they could live together in out community.

예이츠는 그리스 신화와 문화를 시의 이미지로 승화하여 아일랜드의 신 화와 문화를 세계 최고의 문화유산으로 자리매김하고 있다. 그는 호머의 􋺷일리아드􋺸의 등장인물들뿐만 아니라 호머 자신을 그의 작품에 상징과 이미지로 중첩시키거나 병치 시켜서 그의 시들을 세계적인 문학작품의 영역으로 확장시키는 토대를 마련했다. 그는 시에서 헬렌의 이미지를 사용하여 그의 미의 아이콘인 뮤즈 모드 곤과의 사랑과 갈등 에 대한 양가성을 재현하고, 아울러 아킬레스와 헥토르의 이미지로 영웅의 모형을 제 시했다. 그리고 그는 래프터리와 호머, 모드 곤과 메리 하인즈를 대조시켜 그리스 문 화와 아일랜드 문화의 유사점을 강조하고 있다. 그리고 나아가 그는 레이디 그레고리 와 호머의 삶을 비교하여 아일랜드의 전통의 우수성을 부각시키고 있다. 더불어 그는 호머의 이미지를 사용하여 이상세계보다 현실세계의 중요성을 강조하면서 인간의 진 정한 삶의 가치가 바로 현재 이 순간에 존재하고 있음을 역설했다.

In order to use PUR/CuO Composites as the sealing materials for ships equipment, this research has been performed. PUR/CuO composites are produced by using ultrasonic waves. The increase of CuO leads to increase in the tensile strength and shore hardness. The cumulative wear volume shows a tendency to increase in proportional to sliding distance. As the CuO particles of these composites indicated, the friction coefficient was slightly increased. The major failure mechanisms were lapping layers, deformation of matrix, plowing, debonding of particles and microcracking by scanning electric microscopy photograph of the wear tested surface.

Membrane-based gas separation is one of the next generations’ gas separation technology for carbon capture and storage (CCS). Membrane process has the advantages of i) low energy consumption without a phase change during the separation, ii) small footprint and easy scale-up of membrane modules, and iii) clean process without any emission of harmful byproducts. However, the requirement of CO2 separation membrane for CCS has limited the application of gas separation membranes in the industrial field. Here, we demonstrate the strategies to approach to the current limitation by developing a high flux of polymeric hollow fiber membrane. The membrane performance in this work is 900 GPU (1 GPU = 10-6 cm3/cm2‧sec‧cmHg) of CO2 permeance. The CO2 capture pilot plant using multi-stage membrane processes at KDHC has been on-site tested.

Hemodialysis membrane was prepared with polyamide6 via electrospinning technology for portable or wearable hemodialysis machine. Polyamide6 polymer solution was formed nanofiber membrane with fiber diameter of 72 ㎚, pore size 140 ㎚. Polyamide6 nanofiber membrane was chemically modified to enhance hemodialysis performance. Modified polyamide6 membrane showed an excellent hemodialysis performance and antifouling resistance against protein supplements by the esterification and crosslinking reaction.

고분자 분리막을 이용한 이산화탄소 포집공정은 최근들어 분리막 소재기술의 발전과 함께 관심이 급격하게 높아지고 있다. 미국의 경우는 MTR사가 DOE의 지원을 받아 1MWe 규모의 발전소 배가스 중의 이산화탄소를 포집하는 실증연구를 진행하고 있다. 또한 유럽에서는 노르웨이의 NTNU가 미국 Airproducts사와 협력하여 시멘트제조공정에서 발생하는 이산화탄소를 포집하는 연구를 수행하는 중이다. 본 연구는 (주)에어레인이 미래부산하 KCRC 센터의 지원을 받아 50 Nm3/hr 규모의 배가스를 처리하는 단위 모듈을 이용하여 150 Nm3/hr 규모연소배가스 포집공정을 설계하는 과정을 언급하고자 한다. 또한 이 플랜트의 시운전 과정에서 얻어진 데이터와 공급기체중의 산소농도의 영향등이 다뤄질 것이다. 최종적인 주요결과는 CO2 회수율 93%, 회수농도 85%이었다.

In this study, we optimized the coffee extraction conditions for instant coffee production in two stage percolators, which is the most common coffee extractor for instant coffee production. A central composite design was used to build mathematical model equations for response surface methodology (RSM). In these equations, the yield and overall acceptability of the coffee extracts were expressed as second-order functions of three factors, the feed water temperature, draw-off factor (DOF), and extraction time (cycle time). Based on the result of RSM, the optimum conditions were obtained with the use of desirability function approach (DFA) which find the best compromise area among multiple options. The optimum extraction conditions to maximize the yield and overall acceptability over 40% of yield were found with 163℃ of feed water temperature, 4.3 of DOF and 27 minutes of extraction time (cycle time). These results provide a basic data for the coffee extraction conditions for the competitive instant coffee in the industry.

This study was carried out to compare the cooked and antioxidant characteristics with of cooked mixed grain rice with an addition rate (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) of proso millet and various cooking methods. Mixed grain rice with added proso millet was cooked by general and high pressure cooking methods with and without fermented alcohol. All pasting characteristics, except for breakdown viscosity, decreased with increasing the amounts of proso millet. Water binding capacity and swelling power significantly decreased when increasing the amounts of proso millet, however the water solubility index significantly increased. The palatability characteristics of rice with added proso millet showed similar results to rice without proso millet. Total polyphenol contents of rice with 20% proso millet and fermented alcohol added, cooked by general and high pressure cooking methods, were 184.33±2.69 and 179.80±5.22 μg GAE/g, respectively. Total flavonoid contents increased as amounts of proso millet increased. DPPH radical scavenging activities with and without proso millet added were 4.20~7.50 and 2.97~5.19 mg TE/100 g, respectively. ABTS radical scavenging activities with and without proso millet added were 14.36~27.92 and 14.07~15.83 mg TE/100 g, respectively. In this study, cooked and antioxidant characteristics of cooked mixed grain rice with added proso millet were expected to be used as basic data for manufactured processed products.

Deutzia paniculata Nakai(Hydrangeaceae) is a Korean endemic species with very restricted distribution in Gyeongsang-do, Korea. The plants with limited range of distribution are highly affected by various natural and artificial environmental disturbances resulting habitat loss and decline in population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth characteristics of D. paniculata based on the degree of germination in different soil types and shading under green house condition in Korea National Arboretum in the preparation to conserve from future extinction. Altogether seven soil types: native(control), forest soil, bed soil, peat moss, peat moss + perlite(2:1), peat moss + perlite + vermiculite(2:1:1), peat moss + perlite(3:1) with three replica each were used for the experiment. In each soil types the germination rate, survival rate, growth amount, leaf area, LMA(Leaf Mass per Area), SPAD value, and the amount of chlorophyll with the shading conditions(non-shading, 25% shading, and 50% shading) were measured. The result indicated that the highest germination(88%) was found in the bed soil. The survival rate was more than 90% in the non-shading and 25% shading conditions; however, it lowered to 10% in the 50% shading condition. The observation of plant height, leaf number, leaf length and width of seedling in bed soil showed the highest growth was in non-shading treatment, and the lowest growth was in soil 50% shading treatment. The chlorophyll content of each treatment in bed soil with non-shading treatment was 1.64(a=0.77, b=0.87) whereas it was 1.54(a=0.69, b=0.84) in 25% shading treatment. The average LMA for each treatment was 0.45(mg/cm2). We found the strong negative correlation between the shading levels and the number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, plant height and SPAD. Overall result indicated that D. paniculata greatly favored bed soil and non-shading condition in the greenhouse. Through this study we have established a series of processes regarding the appropriate degree of soil and shading conditions for growth and germination of D. paniculata. Thus, these processes can be applied in various research fields for preservation and proliferation of the species.

생강은 오랫동안 음식과 약초로 사용되어 왔다. 생강의 주요 생리활성성분으로 gingerol과 shogaol 등이 있으며 이들은 항산화와 항염 등에 효과가 있다고 알려져 있다. 하지만 생강과육에 대한 연구는 많이 진행되고 있는 것에 반해 껍질에 대한 연구는 전무한 실정이다. 아임계수 추출은 압력을 조절하여 끓는점과 임계점 사이에서 물을 액체상태로 유지시켜 추출하는 방법으로 gingerol과 shogaol 같은 비극성 화합물을 유기용매를 사용하지 않고 추출하는데 효율적인 추출방법이다. 본 연구의 목적은 아임계수를 이용하여 생강껍질에서 생강의 주요 생리활성성분인 6-gingerol과 6-shogaol의 최대 수율을 나타내는 최적 추출 조건을 찾는 것이다. 추출은 다양한 추출 시간(5-20분) 및 온도(110-190°C)에서 Dionex Accelerated Solvent Extractor (ASE, Model 350)를 사용하여 수행하였다. 6-gingerol과 6-shogaol은 HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography)를 이용하여 분석하였으며 항산화능은 FRAP분석법에 의해 평가되었다. 6-gingerol 함량은 110°C에서 추출 시간에 따라 증가하였지만, 130°C와 150°C에서는 증가하다 시간이 길어질수록 감소했다. 이후 온도에서는 시간에 따라 함량이 감소하여 130°C에서 10분간 추출했을 때 6-gingerol이 가장 많이 함유된 추출물을 얻을 수 있었다. 6-shogaol은 110°C에서 검출되지 않았고 130°C 이상의 온도에서 검출되기 시작했다. 6-shogaol은 130°C부터 170°C까지 추출온도와 시간이 증가할수록 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 190°C에서는 15분까지 추출시간에 따라 증가하다 20분동안 추출 시 6-shogaol의 함량이 줄어 190°C에서 15분간 추출했을 시 가장 높은 수율을 보였고 이는 메탄올을 이용하여 60°C에서 2시간동안 추출한 추출물보다 높은 수율이었다. 이는 gingerol이 열에 의해 shogaol로 전환되는 성질이 있고 온도가 증가하며 6-shogaol의 추출이 이루어지다가 열에 많이 노출될 경우 6-shogaol이 다른 형태로 분해되기 때문으로 보인다. 항산화능 역시 6-shogaol의 함량과 유사한 경향을 보였으며 추출온도와 시간이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 따라서 생강껍질을 190°C의 아임계수를 이용하여 15분간 추출할 경우 6-shogaol의 수율을 최대로 하여 항산화능이 높은 추출물을 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 오직 물만을 이용한 아임계수 추출을 이용해 생강의 부산물로 버려지던 생강껍질의 활용가능성을 확인하였다.