Galactosemia is a rare genetic metabolic disease caused by galactose and its metabolites generated during carbohydrate metabolism, which is relatively rare in Asian countries, including Korea. Patients with galactosemia should be treated with a galactose-restricted diet. However, information is lacking about the exact content of galactose in food, and dietary guidelines for patients with galactosemia in Korea. This study aims to recognize the difficulties faced by parents and clinical experts of patients with galactosemia, and understand their demands. Totally, 5 parents of children diagnosed with galactosemia and 5 clinical professionals participated in the focus group interviews. The parents’ interview focused on the daily life of the patient, which included diet and social difficulties. The clinical experts mainly answered about medical care, including the number and status of patients, and their suggestions for effective treatment. Most parents were worried about social isolation due to conflicts in the family as well as in society due to a lack of understanding of the disease. The clinical experts stated the absence of a disease management system as the greatest problem. An integrated support system for patients with galactosemia, which includes appropriate dietary guidelines by considering the domestic environment, is required.

Interkulturelle Kommunikationskompetenz ist seit den 80er Jahren ein sehr zentraler und populärer Terminus, aber Studien darüber im DaF Unterricht gibt es noch nicht sehr viele. Das Zier der Arbeit besteht darin, Lehrbücher für allgemeinbildende Deutschkurse an der Universität zu analysieren, die in Südkorea verwendet werden. Auf dieser Weise sollen Elemente zur Entwicklung der interkulturellen Kommunikationskomentenz in Lehrwerken erschlossen werden. In dieser Arbeit werde ich untersuchen, wie die interkulturelle Kommunikation in den Lehrwerken vermittelt wird. Die DaF Lehrwerke werden im Moment im allgemeinbildenden Deutschunterricht an den koreanischen Universitäten für Anfänger benutzt. Warum habe ich die Lehrwerke als Untersuchungsmaterial gewählt? Sie spielen noch eine sehr wichtige Rolle im DaF unterricht und die Quantität und Qualität des interkulturellen Inhalts sind sehr bedeutend. In dieser Arbeit werden die Lehrwerke aus der Perspektive der Lernenden betrachtet: Fördert der interkulturelle Inhalt in diesen DaF Lehrwerken den Lernprozess im Hinblick auf interkulturelle Kommunkationskompetenz? Ist es dem Lernenden möglich, seine interkulturellen Fähigkeiten mit Hilfe dieser Lehrwerke zu entwickeln? Für diese Antwort habe ich eine empirische Methode verwendet, nämlich Fragebogen, der 17 ausführliche Fragen enthielt. Dafür habe ich Fragebögen an 100 Studenten in Südkorea verteilt, und beantworten lassen.

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the importance and satisfaction of consumer selective attributes by home meal replacement (HMR) types using local ingredients. This study was conducted from December 4 to December 8, 2020. A total of 380 responses organized according to preferred types of HMR (100 for Ready to Eat (RTE), 92 for Ready to Heat (RTH), 88 for Ready to Cook (RTC), 100 for Ready to Prepared (RTP) were used for the final analysis. Statistical analysis was conducted by descriptive analysis, paired t-test, and importance-satisfaction analysis by HMR type. Findings of this study showed significant differences in consumer selective attributes by HMR type. RTE and RTC need to improve quality while RTH needs to improve quality and packaging. Notable selective attributes were quality, packaging, and information. They were located in different quadrants of each HMR type. All other attributes appeared in the same quadrant. Further research is needed to determine differences in quality, packaging, and information for each HMR type. Results of this study provide basic data for developing products and marketing strategies for each type of HMR products using local ingredients.

Unhealthy dietary behavior such as insufficient calcium intake can be one of risk factors of osteoporosis and chronic diseases in older people. This study evaluated the recent trends in dietary calcium intake and the food source in Korean adults aged 50 years or older using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2015-2019) data. This study used 24-hour recall survey data to investigate the calcium intake, the major food groups and main dishes contributing to the calcium intake. The mean calcium intake was 479.55-506.81 mg/day. The major food groups that contribute to calcium intake were vegetables, milks and fishes. Dairy and frozen desserts and kimchi were the major dish groups that contributed to the calcium intake. Calcium intake from milk in dairy and frozen dessert group has been high in last 5 years (50-64 years old: 34.71-47.68 mg, 65-74 years old: 29.72-43.65 mg, over 75 years old: 22.91-42.93 mg). In addition, baechu-kimchi is the most contributed to the calcium intake in kimchi group (50-64 years old: 35.10-41.47 mg, 65-74 years old: 29.62-34.96 mg, over 75 years old: 23.79-29.13 mg). In conclusion, various source of calcium needs to be recommended to increase intake calcium in over 50 years, which may reduce chronic diseases and improve quality of life.

To investigate the industrial availability of liquid fermentation (PL-ferment) by Phellinus linteus mycelium as a postbiotics for the inhibition of inflammation, PL-ferment was fractionated into culture supernatant (CS), hot-water extract (HW) from PL-ferment, EtOH-precipitate (CP) fractionated from HW, and the dialysate (DCP) of CP. Compared to the other fractions, DCP which is expected to contain exopolysaccharide (EPS) as the major component, significantly decreased the production of NO, IL-6, and MCP-1 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, and IL-6 and IL-8 in TNF-α and IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells. The general component analysis results showed that no significant difference in components was observed between the fractions, whereas sugar composition analysis revealed that DCP had decreased glucose and increased mannose contents compared to the other fractions. This suggests that mannose played an important role in the anti-inflammatory activity of the active fraction, DCP. Molecular weight distribution analysis revealed that DCP was mainly composed of low-molecular-weight material-removed high-molecular-weight polysaccharides of 18–638 kDa, suggesting that EPS originated from P. linteus EPS. In conclusion, our results suggest that the DCP of P. linteus mycelium fermentation using the anti-inflammatory activity could be used industrially as postbiotic material.

The intake of processed foods containing high levels of sugar increases the incidence of chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Limiting sugar intake is important for a healthy life at all ages. Therefore, this study analyzed food sources and sugar intake by the different age groups based on the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). We used 24-hour recall survey data to investigate the daily sugar intake and the major food groups and main dishes contributing to sugar intake. The mean sugar intake was 58.9-66.8 g/day. The three major food groups contributing to sugar intake were fruits (15.2-19.9 g/day), beverages (10.7-12.4 g/day), and milk and milk products (7.6-7.8 g/day). Teas and other non-alcoholic beverages (14.7-17.3 g/day), fruits (12.5-16.2 g/day), and dairy products (7.0-7.6 g/day) were the major food groups that contributed to the sugar intake. Carbonated drinks, apples, and milk were the top sources of sugar intake in each group. In conclusion, the sugar intake of Koreans is mainly from carbonated drinks, fruits, and milk. These results provided the basic data for nutrition education and nutrition program development according to the different age groups of the Korean population.

The purpose of this study is to examine children's YouTube contents that intensively show the characteristics of a promotional society from the perspective of critical discourse studies. This starts to view of the concept of discourse as ‘use of language in a social context’. Discourse can be approached in terms of texts, discourse practices, and sociocultural practices. And the analysis was carried out within the dialectical relationship of these three dimensions. Children's YouTube discourse superficially pursues an entertainment genre, but has the characteristics of an advertising genre. The discourse practice of YouTube text makes it natural to watch a commercial presented before watching main contents. In addition, it commercializes play activities between parents and children in the home domain. Representing ‘play’ and ‘home’ at the text level as excessively abundant goods is related to ‘discourse on happiness through material’. In terms of discourse practices, the value of the play activities of parents and children as media products, and the guarantee of (advertising) viewing act for consumption of these texts, is based on the characteristics of the promotion and consumption society. Capturing the ideology of fetishism that penetrates these three dimensions contributes to the recognition of the act of watching as labor.

팽이버섯 재배사의 Listera속 미생물 살균을 위하여 공기 살균 장치가 부착된 파일럿 버섯 재배사를 개발하여 물리적, 화학적 살균처리에 대한 살균 효과 검증실험을 수행하였다. 파일럿 버섯 재배사의 내부 온도는 상부 6.62˚C±0.30, 중간 6.46˚C±0.24, 하부 6.48˚C±0.25, 습도 는 79.97%±4.42, 79.43%±4.06, 79.94±4.30%로 설정 온도 6.5˚C, 상대습도 75%에 근사하게 제어되었다. 공기 살균 장치 적용에 적합한 팽이버섯 재배단계는 생육단계 조건인 온도 6.5~8.5˚C, 습도 70~80% 범위였고 유사 조건에서 이온 클러스터 발생기의 오존 발생농도는 160 ppb 수준으로 나타났다. 물리적 살균처리 후 Listeria innocua 의 생존율은 이온클러스터 살균의 경우 0.1~0.9%, UV공 기 살균은 9.3~10.6%로 나타났고, 화학적 살균처리인 75% 에탄올과 3% 유기산 수용액 처리구에서는 모두 사멸하는 것으로 나타났다. 소재에 대한 Listeria innocua 생존율은 금속시편의 경우 9.3~10.6%, 플라스틱 권지 9.9~16.2%로 나타났는데, 특히 권지의 거친면에서 생존율이 높게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과에 따르면 버섯 재배사의 Listeria균 발생을 억제하기 위해서 금속 소재로 구성된 재배사 벽면과 재배 선반에 대해서는 이온클러스터 공기 살균처리가 노동력을 절감하면서 살균 가능한 방법이며, 플라스틱 재질의 권지의 경우 화학적 살균처리가 효과적 인 것으로 나타났다.

This study investigated on the nutritional components and physiological activity of four wild vegetables namely Salvia plebeia R. Br., Angelica acutiloba, Gynura procumbens and Saururus chinensis Baill for the development of representative wild vegetables in Chungbuk. Salvia plebeia possessed the highest radical scavenging activity and beta-carotene, but exhibited the lowest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity compared to the other three vegetables. Angelica acutiloba showed high crude protein content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, but contained low total polyphenol content, radical scavenging ability and beta-carotene compared to the other three vegetables. Gynura procumbens showed high mineral content, beta-carotene, vitamin K1 content and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, but showed the lowest total polyphenol content and radical scavenging ability compared to the other three vegetables. Saururus chinensis showed high crude fiber content and total polyphenol content, but contained the lowest mineral and vitamin K1 content. To conclude, it is suggested to use Salvia plebeia or Saururus chinensis as antioxidant food materials and Angelica acutiloba and Gynura procumbens as food materials and sources of α-glucosidase inhibitors. In particular, it is believed that Saururus chinensis, which possessed high content of crude fiber, is suitable for low-calorie food materials such as diet products.

본 연구는 2019년 1월 1일부터 전체 농산물에 확대 적용된 농약 허용물질목록관리제도(PLS)가 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 2018년부터 2020년까지 경기도 유통 농산물 검사 자료 28,693건을 대상으로 잔류농약 실태를 조사하였다. 전체 검사 실적 대비 기준 초과 비율은 2018년 1.0%, 2019년 1.2%, 2020년 1.2%로 나타났고, 잔류농약 검출 비율은 2018년 12.9%, 2019년 25.1%, 2020년 37.3% 로 증가하였다. 2019년 기준초과 114건 중 55건이 일률기준(0.01 mg/kg) 적용이었고, 2020년 기준초과 115건 중 66 건이 일률기준 적용이었다. 이를 개선하기 위해서는 비의 도적 오염, 미등록 작물에 관행적 사용, 부정 농약에 대한 관리가 필요해 보인다. Fluquinconazole은 비의도적 오염이 원인이었고, diazinon, chlorothalonil, methabenzthiazuron은 미등록 작물에 관행적 사용이 원인이었다. Chinomethionat 은 과거에 폐기된 농약 성분으로 밀수 농약 사용이 원인이었다. 본 연구 결과와 이후 모니터링 자료는 앞으로 제도 보완 및 현장 관리 강화를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

딸기 하우스 내 해충에 대한 일관된 생물적 방제 시스템을 마련하기 위해 낮은 온도에 발생하는 애못털진딧물(Chaetosiphon minus)에 대한 유용천적을 선발하고, 그 이용가능성을 검토하는 과정에서 방제대상인 애못털진딧물의 생물적 특성을 조사한 결과, 약충의 발육기간은 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 25°C에서 각각 평균 41.7일, 20.6일, 11.9일, 9.8일이었고, 약충의 발육임계온도는 5.5°C, 온일도는 185DD였으며, 순증식율은 25°C에서 22.38보다 20°C에서 30.16으로 높게 나타났다. 암컷성충의 총산자수는 20°C에서 58일 동안 35.2마리, 25°C에서 36일 동안 26.5마 리로 나타났다. 결과적으로 딸기 하우스 내에서 애못털진딧물이 다른 진딧물류에 비하여 낮은 온도에 적응하고 있음을 알 수 있었고, 저온에 활동성이 높은 꽃등에류와 같은 천적의 상업화가 필요하다고 판단된다.

본 연구는 국내외 해양유래 발효산물 시료로부터 분리한 호염성 미생물들의 다양성 및 특성에 관하여 조사하였다. 호염성 미생물의 순수 분리를 위하여 marine agar 배지를 사용하였으며 25, 37, 50oC에서 호기적으로 배양하였다. 순수 분리 후, 86균주를 분리하였으며 16S rRNA 염기서열 분석 결과를 바탕으로 계통학적 분석을 실시한 결과, 3문, 7과, 9속, 24종으로 구성되어 있는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 Firmicutes문 Bacilli강은 84.9%의 분포를 나타내었으며 4과, 6속, 19종으로 Bacillaceae, Planococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae와 Enterococcaceae로 분포하는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 분리한 균주들이 amylase, lipase, cellulase, protease 같은 산업적으로 유용한 효소를 생산하는지 확인하기 위하여 효소 활성 평가를 실시하였으며, 55 균주가 최소 한 종류 이상의 효소 활성을 가지고 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 옥신 생산능을 가지는 균주도 2 균주가 확인되었으며 이는 본 연구를 통하여 분리한 미생물들의 산업적 활용 가능성을 나타내었다. 그러므로 이번 연구는 국내 유전자원 확보 및 시료의 호염성 미생물의 다양성과 특성에 관한 과학적 지식 확장에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

Centella asiatica (CA) has been used as a nutritional plant as well as a traditional herbal medicine around the world. This study, quality component (proximate composition, total polyphenol, and triterpenoid compound), and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of CA dried using various methods were investigated. Proximate compositions of CA with different drying methods included a large amount of carbohydrates, crude protein, crude ash, and crude fiber. Among the drying methods, cold drying provided the highest total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity, while hot-air drying at 75℃ provided the lowest total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. In addition, when the major triterpenoid compounds of CA were analyzed, the highest content of asiaticoside of triterpenoid glycoside was obtained with all drying methods. With respect to the total triterpenoid, the highest content was obtained with cold drying (68.8 mg/g) whereas natural drying (31.4 mg/g) provided the lowest content. In anti-inflammatory activity of LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, EtOH extract of cold drying showed a significantly higher inhibitory activity in comparison to the other drying methods. In conclusion, it is considered that the cold drying method is suitable for industrial preparation of functional materials with high physiological ingredients, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities from CA.

본 연구는 고품질 수박 접수 및 대목의 효율적인 생산을 위한 식물공장형 육묘시스템 내 적정 기온 및 광 환경을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 서로 다른 주야간온도차를 가진 3개의 기온 처리구(25/20, 26/18, 27/16°C)와 5개의 광량 처리구(50, 100, 150, 200, 250μmol·m -2 ·s -1 )를 조합하여 총 15개의 처리구를 설정하여 수박 접수와 대목을 식물공장형 육묘시스템에 서 6일간 육묘하였다. 수박의 접수 및 대목의 묘 소질은 주야간 온도차와 광량의 개별적 영향뿐만 아니라 교호작용도 매우 크게 받았다. 수박 접수 및 대목의 하배축장은 증가되는 광량에 의해 억제되었다. 수박 접수 및 대목의 엽면적은 150μmol·m -2 ·s -1 광 조건까지는 증가하였으나, 이 이상의 광조건에서는 증가 하지 않았다. 수박 접수와 대목의 건물중 및 충실도는 증가하는 광량에 의해 높아졌으나 광이용효율은 감소하였다. 전체적으로 수박의 접수 및 대목 소질은 큰 주야간온도차 처리에서 불량해졌고, 주야간의 급격한 온도변화는 작물에게 스트레스로 작용한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 수박 접수 및 대목의 형태, 생육, 에너지효율 등을 고려하였을 때, 식물공장형 육묘 시스템 내 수박 접수 및 대목 효율적인 생산을 위한 적정 기온 및 광량 조건은 25/20°C 및 150μmol·m -2 ·s -1인 것으로 확인되었다.