This study was conducted with two ruminally cannulated Holstein steers to examine the effect of micronized and steam flaked corn on ruminal fermentation characteristics. The in situ dry matter degradability after 48 h incubation was the highest (P<0.05) at micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness) compared with steam flaked corn treatments. The steam flacked corn (3.3 mm thickness) was degraded lower (P<0.05) than the 2.9 and 3.1 mm thickness of steam flacked corn. Effective dry matter degradability and the rate of constant were the highest (P<0.05) at micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness) compared with steam flaked corns as well. The in vitro dry matter degradability after 48 h incubation was tended to higher (P=0.088) at micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness) than steam flaked corns, whereas there is no significantly difference between steam flaked corn treatments. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was higher at steam flaked corn (2.9 mm thickness) than micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness) and steam flaked corn (3.1 and 3.3 mm thickness). The acetate : propionate ratio was the highest (P=0.008) at steam flaked corn (2.9 mm thickness) and the lowest (P=0.008) at micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness). Total gas and methane production after 48h ruminal incubation was the highest (P=0.001) at micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness) compared with steam flaked corns. According to these results, the thickness of steam flaked corn as resulted corn processing is believed to do not affect methane production. However, further study is needed to better understand the present results to verify the correlation between corn processing method and their thickness on methane production using the same thickness corns by difference processing methods.

This study was conducted to evaluate on agronomic characteristics, forage quality and dry matter (DM) yields of mugwort (Artemisia princeps Pamp.) collected different region at Seongju in Kyeongbuk from 2014 to 2015. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. Mugwort was planted on 17th March, 2014 and harvested on 13th September, 2014 and on 25th May and 9th September, 2015. DM yields of Dalsung(1), Seongju B.(1), Dalsung(2) and Sajuarissuk were 17.3, 16.8, 16.7 and 16.7(MT ha⁻¹), respectively and the DM yields of those were higher (P<0.05) than the other mugworts in 2014. In 2015, DM yields of Dalsung(1), Dalsung(2), Seongju B.(1), and Sajuarissuk were 19.5, 19.3, 18.4 and 18.4(MT ha⁻¹), respectively and DM yields of those were higher (P<0.05) than the others. DDM(digestable dry matter) content of mugworts was a range of 56.4 to 60.8% and that of Sajabalssuk, 60.8% was the highest. Seongju B.(1) 58.8% was higher than Seongju B.(2) 56.4% but there were no difference among the Dalsung(1) 58.4%, Dalsung(2) 58.1%, Sajuarissuk 57.7% and Yeongcheon. The result of this study indicated that Dalsung(1), Dalsung(2), Sajuarissuk and Seongju B.(1) would be recommendable for forage production.

작업 편이성을 높일 수 있는 원통형 종이포트를 일정한 크기로 생산하여 연속적 공급이 가능한 원통형 종이 포트 제조장치를 개발하고, 장치의 성능시험을 수행하였다. 원통형 종이포트 제조장치는 상토공급부, 종이 공급부, 종이 접착부, 종이포트 절단부로 구성되어 종이포트 제조를 위한 상토공급부터 종이포트 절단까지의 공정이 연속적으로 이루어지도록 하였다. 상토 함수율에 따른 적정 상토공급압력시험에서는 상토를 공급하는 진공압이 높을수록 종이포트의 경도와 가밀도가 높게 나타났으며, 수분 함수율이 높아질수록 경도와 가밀도는 증가하다가 낮아지는 경향을 나타내어 포트제조부로 상토를 공급하기 위한 적정 함수율 및 공기압은 50%~60%와 0.5 Mpa인 것으로 판단된다. 제조장치의 성능과 고형접착제에 의한 종이 접착시간을 고려하였을 때, 종이의 원통 성형이 이루어지고 가이드부와의 유착없이 연속적인 공정이 이루어질 수 있는 적정 온도는 150oC~160oC인 것으로 판단된다. 원통형 종이포트 절단칼날의 최적 절단 각도를 구명하기 위한 시험에서는 절단 속도와 작업의 안전성을 고려하여 최소 기울기인 30o에서 깨끗한 단면을 나타내는 일자칼날을 사용하는 것이 적합할 것으로 판단 된다. 원통형 종이포트 제조장치의 성능시험에서 종이포트의 길이는 설정한 길이로 균일하게 제조되었으며, 종이 접착 및 상토공급 등 준비 시간을 제외한 종이포트(직경: 40mm, 길이: 40mm) 제조 작업성능은 3300개/hr로 나타났다.

국내 출원 예정인 알스트로메리아 유망 교잡 계통 C269의 기내번식체계 조건 구명을 통해 국산묘의 안정적인 보급에 기 여하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 생장점을 MS배지에 치상하 여 초대배양 후, 준비된 근경 생장점은 근경 증식을 위해 6-Benzylaminopurin(BAP)와 Kinetin(KIN)처리를 하였다. KIN 처리구의 경우, 신초 발생량이 많고 조밀하게 생장 했다. 이는 근경 증식을 위한 근경 분리가 힘들어 근경 증식에는 적합하 지 않았다. BAP 처리구의 경우 0.2mg·L-1이하의 농도 배지 에서 키운 근경을 분리하여 증식 시키는 것이 적합할 것으로 생각되었다. 뿌리 발근 배지는 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA) 0.25mg·L-1첨가 배지에서 가장 많은 뿌리가 발생되었다. 하 지만, NAA 호르몬 처리에 의한 비정상적인 뿌리 비대가 발생 되었다. 반대로 무처리구에서는 정상적인 뿌리, 세근 및 뿌리 털 발생이 더 좋았다. 순화 과정 중에는 호르몬 처리구 보다 무처리구가 많은 생존률을 보였을 뿐만 아니라 신초 발생 및 지상부 생육도 무처리구에서 왕성하였다. 결론적으로 알스트 로메리아 교잡 계통 C269는 BAP 0.2mg·L-1처리에서 근경을 증식한 후 MS 배지로 옮겨 치상 후 발근을 유도하여 순화를 시키는 것이 효과적인 증식체계로 판단되었다.

This study is analyzed combustion phenomena based on the environmental energy facility incinerator. It is assumed that combustible components of waste are composed of carbon and hydrogen, and the combustion process of fuel is by setting as multi-component / multistage reaction. As the combustion chamber is burned, the high temperature environment is achieved, also the heat transfer accompanied by the turbulent flow and the generation of NOx, a pollutant, are interpreted to predict the thermal and fluid characteristics and pollution emissions of the grate incinerator. As the result of internal flow analysis, the slow flow around the ash chute and the mixing effect due to the complicated turbulence around the combustion chamber were predicted to show excellent performance. It is shown to the internal average temperature was about 1024°C, around the about 1000°C homogeneous temperature distribution. Due to the sudden temperature decrease in the boiler, the flue gas temperature at the outlet was estimated to be about 220 ℃.

This researcher selected basic variable to investigate the effective relations of establishment and management of resting facility on reduction of constructional disasters and safety accidents and improvement of working efficiency for construction workers. Based on the measured variables, this researcher investigated phenomenon, recognition and satisfaction for using and demanding resting facility by long-term construction in construction site for workers of huge construction site in Seoul, conducted survey of total 219 questionnaires so as to grasp implications of workers' resting facility demanded in long-term huge construction site and effects on reduction of disasters and conducted structural equation analysis. As a result, resting faciity factor, management factor, and hygienic service factor were significant and resting and food factors were not significant. Therefore, it's expected to reduce personal disaster by improving quality of constructional resting facility, hygienic service, and resting facility management and especially, resting facility management factor makes lots of effects on prevention of personal disasters, so it was a strongly main factor. By suggesting the guideline of establishment and management service of proper resting facility through this research, positive recognition and constructional disaster reduction can be expected in construction site.

느티나무, 팽나무, 은행나무 노거수를 대상으로 수간 내부 건강도 단층촬영을 통해 수목의 내부 피해 도를 조사하였다. 단층촬영 결과, 전반적으로 수간 내부의 건강부위 비율은 팽나무>느티나무>은행나무 의 순으로 나타났고, 부후부위는 은행나무>느티나무>팽나무의 순으로 나타났으며, 공동부위는 은행나 무>느티나무>팽나무의 순으로 나타났다. 은행나무의 경우 외관상으로는 공동부위가 나타나지 않았지만 내부적으로는 부후가 진행된 수목도 있었다. 공동부위의 증가로 수간 부러짐 등의 피해가 나타날 수 있 으므로 수간 내부 단층촬영을 통해 내부 부후 상황을 정밀하게 조사·분석함으로써 노거수의 생육상태 를 파악할 수 있으며, 내부단층촬영은 노거수 보호관리에도 응용될 수 있을 것이다.

Urchin-structured zinc oxide(ZnO) nanorod(NR) gas sensors were successfully demonstrated on a polyimide(PI) substrate, using single wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) as the electrode. The ZnO NRs were grown with ZnO shells arranged at regular intervals to form a network structure with maximized surface area. The high surface area and numerous junctions of the NR network structure was the key to excellent gas sensing performance. Moreover, the SWCNTs formed a junction barrier with the ZnO which further improved sensor characteristics. The fabricated urchin-structured ZnO NR gas sensors exhibited superior performance upon NO2 exposure with a stable response of 110, fast rise and decay times of 38 and 24 sec, respectively. Comparative analyses revealed that the high performance of the sensors was due to a combination of high surface area, numerous active junction points, and the use of the SWCNTs electrode. Furthermore, the urchin-structured ZnO NR gas sensors showed sustainable mechanical stability. Although degradation of the devices progressed during repeated flexibility tests, the sensors were still operational even after 10000 cycles of a bending test with a radius of curvature of 5 mm.

목적 : 본 연구는 전동 휠체어 착석기능의 중재 목적, 방법 그리고 결과에 대한 내용을 분석하여 작업치료 사들에게 전동 휠체어 착석기능에 대한 정보를 공유하고 전동휠체어 급여제도 개선을 위해 전동휠체어 착석기능의 유용성을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법 : 2007년 이후부터 2016년까지 데이터베이스 ScienceDirect, ProQuest에서 주요검색어 “Power wheelchair user” OR “Handicapped with people” AND “Tilt-in-space” OR “Backrest recline” OR “Elevating legrest” OR “Seat elevator” OR “Power Seat Function(PSF)”을 사용하여 최종적으 로 14개의 연구를 분석대상으로 선정하였다. 결과 : 전동 휠체어 착석기능은 휠체어 내에서의 편안함, 착석압력 감소 및 휠체어 사용자들의 안정적인 일 상생활수행을 위해 중재되었다. 중재 목적에 따라 틸팅과 등받이 리클라인의 각도 조합이 달라지는 것으 로 나타났으며 전동휠체어 착석기능 중 틸트와 등받이 리클라인은 자세조절을 스스로 할 수 없는 휠체 어 사용자의 엉덩뼈 및 꼬리뼈에 가해지는 착석압력 감소에 효과인 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 전동휠체어 착석기능 중재 목적, 방법 그리고 결과에 대한 근거를 제시함으로써 착 석기능에 대한 유용성을 제시하였다. 추후에는 다양한 환경에 속한 여러 대상자들에게 중재를 적용하여 얻어진 결과가 사용자의 사회참여 및 삶의 질에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 작업치료적 관점의 연 구가 시행되어야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of odor and to examine the application method of the odor emission standard in a restaurant environment. The complex odor dilution concentrations (“times”) and odor compounds were measured in 8 restaurants. The highest complex odor dilution times were 966 in outlets and 97 in site boundaries of C restaurants. The average complex odor dilution times were 632 in outlets and 29 in site boundaries, which exceeded the allowable odor discharge standard of residential areas. Eighteen of the 22 specified offensive odor substances were detected. Aldehyde-type substances showed high concentrations, and the highest concentration of ethanol was detected in addition to the designated odorous substances. Dichloromethane, benzene, and phenol, which are harmful air pollutants, were also detected. The odorant concentrations of restaurants were found to exceed the odor standard threshold in A, B, and F restaurants. Upon review of the Japanese-style odor index respective to restaurant odor, it is difficult to apply an equivalent emission allowance standard as the permissible emission standard of the workplace. It is necessary to regulate emission standards by different emission standards. In the future, it will be necessary to determine how to measure the odor index and how to apply the odor emission standard to everyday facilities, such as restaurants, grocery stores, etc.

Alcoholic steatosis is a fundamental metabolic disorder and may precede the onset of more severe forms of alcoholic liver disease. In this study, we isolated enzymatichydrolysate from Semisulcospira libertine by alcalase hydrolysis and investigated the protective effect of Semisulcospira libertine hydrolysate on liver injury induced by alcohol in the mouse model of chronic and binge ethanol feeding (NIAAA). In an in vitro study, the hydrolysate protects HepG2 cells from ethanol toxicity. Liver damage was assessed by histopathological examination, as well as by quantitating activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). After the administration of S. libertina hydrolysate, fat accumulation and infiltration of inflammatory cells in liver tissues were significantly decreased in the NIAAA mouse model. The elevated levels of serum AST, ALT, and ALP activities, along with the lipid contents of a damaged liver, were recovered in experimental mice administrated with S. libertina hydrolysate, suggesting its role in blood enzyme activation and lipid content restoration within damaged liver tissues. Moreover, treatment with S. libertine hydrolysate reduced the expression rate of cyclooxygenase (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6, which accelerate inflammation and induces tissue damage. All data showed that S. libertine hydrolysate has a preventive role against alcohol-induced liver damages by improving the activities of blood enzymes and modulating the expression of inflammation factor, suggesting S. libertine hydrolysate could be a commercially potential material for the restoration of hepatotoxicity.

두유는 단백질, 지질, 다당류 등이 에멀션과 서스펜션 형태로 혼합된 분산 시스템이다. 두유의 안정성은 제조조건과 균질화 방법에 따른 입자의 크기와 열처리 조건 등에 의하여 크게 영향을 받으며, 일반적으로 점증제와 계면활성제를 사용하여 향상시킬 수 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 양친매성의 진세노사이드를 함유한 인삼 분말의 첨가와 열처리가 고압 균질화하여 제조한 비지 분리 두유의 안정화에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 전두유의 비지를 분리한 후 2% (w/w)의 인삼 분말을 첨가하였으며, 이때 진세노사이드 함량(Rg1, Rb1, 및 Rg3의 합량)은 0.088 mg/100g soy milk 이었다. 이후 두유를 열처리(90°C, 10 min)하거나 열처리 하지 않고 고압 균질화(4500 psi)하여 인삼 분말을 함유한 비지 분리 두유를 제조하였다. 제조한 두유 샘플들의 고형분 함량은 6.7-7.5% (w/w), pH는 6.4-6.8, 제타 포텐셜은 -7-0.3 mV, 입도 크기는 17-23 μm 범위에서 측정되었다. 두유의 저장 안정성은 두유를 45 ml 유리관에 넣고 25°C에서 144 h 동안 저장하면서 분리된 상층부와 하층부의 입도크기, 투과도, 상분리 현상 등을 측정하여 분석하였다. 인삼 분말을 첨가하지 않은 비열처리 두유의 경우, 저장 중 상층부의 입도 크기는 21.6±0.2 μm에서 6.6±0.4 μm로 감소하였고 투과도는 5.2±0.0%에서 77.3±0.1%로 급격히 증가하였다. 2%의 인삼 분말을 첨가한 비열처리 두유의 경우, 저장 중 상층부의 입도 크기는 21.6±0.1 μm에서 38.5±3.1 μm와 투과도는 0.8±0.0%에서 58.1±0.1%로 각각 증가하였다. 인삼 분말을 첨가하지 않은 열처리 두유의 경우, 저장 중 상층부의 입도크기는 17.4±2.4 μm에서 1.1±0.0 μm로 감소하였고 투과도는 7.3±0.1에서 14.0±0.1로 증가하였다. 2% 인삼 분말을 첨가한 열처리 두유의 경우, 상층부의 입도 크기는 22.9±0.4-24.9±0.5 μm, 투과도는 1.0±0.0-4.3±0.1% 범위에서 일정한 값을 유지하여 가장 높은 저장 안정성을 나타내었다. 저장 중 하층부에서는 인삼 분말첨가와 열처리에 따른 입도크기와 투과도는 각각 12.5±0.9-24.5 μm와 0.3±0.0-7.3±0.1% 범위로써 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다.

World is now shifting from the industrial and information society to the 4th Industrial Revolution in its structure, and new products and services appear in various sectors. The 4th Industrial Revolution changes the entire daily lives in more convenient, safer, and more effective forms. There will be many changes in food industries with combination between intelligent information technologies such as IoT, big data, AI and new technologies such as 3D printing, robotics, and nano-technology, developing more intelligent ones. Intelligent IoT is one of four main basic industries for sustainable growth with future driving force in Korea. Since 2010, food smart distribution researches combining food technologies and ICT have been conducted in Korea, and core original technologies including quality management sensor, intelligent food distribution environment control system, smart warehouse, real-time quality monitoring, etc. Food smart distribution technology is a system converging ICT including sensor tag, sensor network, and LBS and food technologies for safe management of history, quality, and distribution, and it will be applied to food distribution industries, developing the domestic food distribution industries to the world-class level. Recently, IoT has been increasingly introduced into food industries, and development of new convergence technologies and adjustment to technological changes are required, and it is necessary to establish strategies for how to introduce food system based on IoT. As a result of the analysis of frequency of keywords o technological trends by applying text-mining technologies into tremendous amount of unstructured data created by newly convergence technologies between food and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, there are eight main keywords including IoT, smart sensor, artificial intelligence(AI), multi-tasking, automatic cognition/discernment, quality management, simplification of distribution, an customer-friendly. It is necessary to make national strategies for R&D. In case of Korea, ICT is the world class, and if it is applied to food industries, it will be available to develop new world-class business models.