The acidity of soy curd fermented by lactic acid bacteria is a major factor degrading the sensory properties of soy curd. For preparation of soy curd with low sour taste, lactic acid bacteria were separated from kimchi. The lactic acid bacteria which showed yellow-clear zone around the colonies on BCP plate and formed soy curd with low level of acidity were selected. The selected strain was analyzed by 16S rDNA sequence and named as Pediococcus inopinatus Y2. The maximum viable cell number of the soy curd fermented by P. inopinatus Y2 was obtained at 10.73 log CFU/mL at 25°C for 24 h of fermentation. By the results of panel test, the overall sensory quality of the soy curd produced by P. inopinatus Y2 was higher than that of Leuconostoc mesenteroides No. 4395 and Lactobacillus sakei strain No. 383.

This study was carried out to investigate antimicrobial activity and characteristics of Asparagus cochinchinenesis which was steamed and fermented with lactic acid bacteria. A. cochinchinensis was prepared to steaming process which was washed and freeze dried. A. cochinchinensis was steamed at 95oC for 12 h and dried by hot air at 50oC for 24 h. After steaming process, A. cochinchinensis was fermented with lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc mesenteroides 4395, Lactobacillus sakei 383 and Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11322). Ethyl acetate extracts of fermented A. cochinchinensis had antimicrobial activities for the respiratory disease bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli). A. cochinchinensis had highest antimicrobial activity for the P. aeruginosa which fermented with L. mesenteroides 4395. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of A. cochinchinensis fermented with L. mesenteroides 4395 was 10 mg/mL for S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli and 5 mg/mL for P. aeruginosa. The MIC of A. cochinchinensis fermented with L. sakei 383 and A. cochinchinensis fermented with L. plantarum KCCM 11322 were the same. Total sugar was decreased from 863.33±17.47 mg/mL to 722.67±5.51 mg/mL during the steaming process. But reducing sugar was increased from 99.36±1.32 mg/mL to 109.29±2.71 mg/mL during the steaming process. Total sugar was decreased to 301.50-361.42 mg/mL and reducing sugar was decreased to 27.39-62.20 mg/mL during the fermentation process.

This study was carried out to investigate antimicrobial activity and characteristics of Asparagus cochinchinenesis which was steamed and fermented with lactic acid bacteria. A. cochinchinensis was prepared to steaming process which was washed and freeze dried. A. cochinchinensis was steamed at 95oC for 12 h and dried by hot air at 50oC for 24 h. After steaming process, A. cochinchinensis was fermented with lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc mesenteroides 4395, Lactobacillus sakei 383 and Lactobacillus plantarum KCCM 11322). Ethyl acetate extracts of fermented A. cochinchinensis had antimicrobial activities for the respiratory disease bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli). A. cochinchinensis had highest antimicrobial activity for the P. aeruginosa which fermented with L. mesenteroides 4395. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of A. cochinchinensis fermented with L. mesenteroides 4395 was 10 mg/mL for S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli and 5 mg/mL for P. aeruginosa. The MIC of A. cochinchinensis fermented with L. sakei 383 and A. cochinchinensis fermented with L. plantarum KCCM 11322 were the same. Total sugar was decreased from 863.33±17.47 mg/mL to 722.67±5.51 mg/mL during the steaming process. But reducing sugar was increased from 99.36±1.32 mg/mL to 109.29±2.71 mg/mL during the steaming process. Total sugar was decreased to 301.50-361.42 mg/mL and reducing sugar was decreased to 27.39-62.20 mg/mL during the fermentation process.

Asparagus cochinchinensis is known to ameliorate respiratory disease. We evaluated the antimicrobial activity of non-fermented and fermented A. cochinchinensis using lactic acid bacteria and investigated the physicochemical characteristics of the fermented A.cochinchinensis. Non-fermented A.cochinchinensis showed lower levels of antimicrobial activity than the fermented A.cochinchinensis. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extracts of the fermented A. cochinchinensis showed antimicrobial activities against the indicator strains at lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC of the EtOAc extract of non-fermented A. cochinchinensis against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Stphylococcus aureus were 100, 75, and 100 mg/ml. In contrast, the MIC of the EtOAc extract of ACLM was 25 mg/mL against E. coli. The MIC of the EtOAc extract of ACLS was 12.5 mg/mL against S.epidermidis, and the MIC of the EtOAc extract ofACLP was 12.5 mg/mL against S.aureus. The viable cell number, pH, and acidity of A. cochinchinensis fermented by Lactobacillussakei 383 were similar to those of A. cochinchinensis fermented by Leuconostocmesenteroides 4395, but were different from those of A. cochinchinensis fermented by Lactobacillus.plantarum KCCM 11322. These results suggested that the fermented A. cochinchinensis by lactic acid bacteria may be a good candidate for application to ameliorate respiratory disease.

This study intends to provide preliminary data for improving dining experience in the restaurants of Bamboo food village and help draw up guidelines for the improvement of these dining venues by surveying customer perception and satisfaction in 15-restaurants of the food village. The restaurants were surveyed mainly for satisfaction of the menu, especially, on the signature dishes of Damyang, "ddeokgalbi" (grilled short rib balls) and "daetongbab"-the grilled short rib balls and bamboo rice. The two dishes were more liked by people in the the 20- to 29-year age group with a score of 3.92 and 4.11, respectively. Although the 30-49 age group showed the highest satisfaction score on the fixed price menu, there was no statistically significant difference. The age group of 20-29 also showed the highest satisfaction on plating and table setting with a score of 4.09 and 4.04, respectively, and there was significant difference among age groups in this regard (p<0.05). All the age groups surveyed answered "time-honored taste" should be captured when working on menus, which suggests it should be the first choice for the restaurants in the food village when they develop their menus. When it comes to the restaurant environment, satisfaction on sanitary conditions was significantly different among the groups with a score of 4.21 given by 30-49 age group and 3.88 by the 50 and over group (p<0.05). In the category of service satisfaction, the two aforementioned age groups again showed significant difference in catering to customer needs with a score of 3.99 and 3.63, respectively (p<0.05), whereas welcoming customers and serving food was scored without statistical difference by age. Being asked what needs to be done to strengthen competitive advantage of the restaurants, all the age groups answered "taste" would matter the most while the 20 to 29 and 30 to 49 age groups picked "hygiene" and the 50 and over selected "table setting and ambience" next, which was statistically different with a p value of <0.05. Regarding the competitive advantage of the Korean restaurants in Damyang Bamboo food village, the first two younger groups (20 to 29 and 30 to 49) chose "table setting and ambience" and the eldest (50 and over) age group answered "location wise advantage," indicating significant difference by age. More than 80 percent of the people surveyed were willing to revisit the venues, which suggests improving restaurant environment in Bamboo food village and offering customers a better experience are very likely to build a image of culinary tourism for Damyang.

진피는 채 썰어 12시간과 18시간 건조하여 색상을 비교하였다. 그 결과 12시간 건조 진피는 L값이 73.01로 가장 높았고 a값은 8.55로 대조구인 생진피 18.07 보다는 낮아 졌으나 18시간 건조 진피 5.87 보다는 높았다. b값은 12시간 건조 진피가 63으로 대조구와 생진피 65.81 보다는 다소 낮게 나타났으며 24시간 건조 진피는 45.98로 차이를 보이고 있었다. 이 결과 12시간 건조 진피는 a값은 낮아졌으나 L값은 높아지고 b값에서는 거의 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나 시료로 사용하기 가장 적절하였다. 탈수율에 대한 측정 결과 12시간 건조 진피는 7.3%의 수분을 함유하고 있었고 55.5%의 탈수율을 나타냈으며 24시간 건조 진피는 6.8%의 수분 함유, 56%의 탈수율을 나타내었다. 두 비교군의 수분 함유율의 차이가 적고 색도 측정 결과 검은깨엿강정에 첨가할 시료로는 L값이 더 높은 12시간 건조 진피가 적당하다고 판단되었다. 죽순은 식이섬유가 많고 수분량이 많아 생 것으로 이용하기 어려운 점을 보완하기 위해서 당절임 죽순을 제조 한 뒤 1시간 건조 과정을 거쳐 첨가 시료를 완성 하였다. 당절임 죽순의 색도는 생 죽순과 비교 할 때 L값 35.87, a값 9.37, b값 25.82로 나타났는데 생죽순의 L값 64.30, a값 -1.25, b값 25.14와 비교 시 정과 제조 과정에 의한 영향을 받은 것으로 판단되었다. 당절임 죽순은 77.02%의 높은 수분 탈수율을 보였으나 14.58%의 수분을 함유하고 있었다. 그러나 죽순깨엿강정 제조 시 더 많은 건조 시간을 갖으면 죽순 정과의 씹는 질감이 지나치게 딱딱해 질 것으로 판단하고 수분 결합력이 강한 흑미 쌀 튀밥을 첨가하며 1시간 건조한 당절임 죽순을 최종 첨가시료로 결정 하였다. 12시간 건조한 진피는 4%, 5%, 6%로 첨가구를 나누어 관능 평가한 결과 색, 향, 맛, 전체적인 선호도에서 5% 첨가군이 3.8점, 4.0점, 4.0점, 4.0점으로 가장 높게 평가되었다. 또한 제조한 당절임 죽순의 첨가량은 10%, 20%, 30%로 첨가구를 나누어 관능 평가한 결과 색, 향, 맛, 전체적인 선호도에서 당절임 죽순 20% 첨가군이 4.0점, 3.5점, 3.7점, 4.5점으로 가장 높게 평가 되었다. 일반적으로 검은깨엿강정 제품의 한계에서 벗어나 다양한 식재료를 응용한 깨엿강정을 제조 하고자 하였고 고급스러운 건강 한과 이미지를 도출하기 위해서 진피와 죽순, 흑미를 첨가 시료로 결정 하였다. 일반적인 검은깨엿강정이 갖은 색상의 단점을 보완하는데 12시간 건조 진피 5%와 당절임 죽순 20% 첨가는 더욱 의미가 있으리가 판단되었다. 따라서 최종 배합비는 검은깨 350 g, 흑미쌀튀밥 125 g, 12시간 건조 진피채 25 g(5%), 물엿 500 g, 당절임 죽순 100 g(20%)을 첨가하는 것으로 결정하였다. 죽순검은깨엿강정의 영양 성분 분석 결과 무기질(회분) 함량이 2.22 g/100 g을 함유하고 있는 특징이 있었다.

This study was conducted to generate fundamental data required by food coordinators and food space creators for planning and directing table settings. The results of this study were then used to suggest an ideal model of table settings for Korean-style food equipped with simple, sophisticated, and practical characteristics. Specifically, this study evaluated the importance of hygiene (safety, cleanness, arrangement), decoration (dignity, form, stylishness, presentation of food on plates), naturalness (seasonal beauty, comfortableness, natural beauty), and modernity (modern style, chic style, urban style). These factors were evaluated according to the preference of the table setting and the characteristics of the meeting, which fit various meal cultures, times, places, and objectives. The results of this study indicate that people prefer hygiene and decoration for family meetings (bansang setting), hygiene and modernity for friendly meetings (simple buffet setting), hygiene and decoration for company meetings (simple buffet setting), and hygiene and decoration for academic meetings (tea party). Hygiene and decoration were highly evaluated in most cases, which indicates that individuals at meetings for special purposes give weight to the meeting's atmosphere, but also consider the hygiene and cleanliness of the food.

Many researches on the typology of 'Maru'(Wooden deck) in Korean traditional houses have mainly focused on the high-class houses in the central region of Korea. They were mainly concerned on defining Maru's typology by social status of the owner, based on the researches regarding its physical and spatial properties. Maru in the high-class traditional houses has been served as an essential architectural feature showing the social status of owners as well as adapting in the region of humid and hot summer. This research investigated the typology of Maru's placement in traditional single houses of four Kan in Chonnam province, which shows many differences in its placement according to the regions. Research results show that the typology of Maru's placement and openness is different with the location of houses within the region. This difference affects on the circulation of movement, which eventually affects on the pattern of space use. The difference is also very likely to be affected by the natural environment of geography and climate of the region.

Gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), known as a non-protein amino acid and major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, has several functional properties such as neurotransmission, induction of hypotension, tranquilizer, and diuretic effects. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify lactic acid bacteria, producing high GABA in fermented soy curd. Thirty-two strains of tofu-forming lactic acid bacteria were isolated from kimchi which a traditional Korean food fermented with many kind of microorganism. Among 32 strains, four strains (strain No. 10, 104, 214, 249) formed firm soycurd. In order to select lactic acid bacteria having high GABA producing potential, the isolated strains were cultured in the soymilk and fermented for 48 hr at 37℃. A strain No. 383, which showed highest GABA contents in fermented soycurd, was identified as L. sakei by 16S rDNA sequencing and API analysis, and named as L. sakei 383. L. sakei 383 showed optimal growth up to 24 hr at 35℃ in MRS broth. The optimal time and temperature for GABA production were 18 hr and 35°C in soymilk. In the optimal condition time and temperature, GABA content of fermented soycurd by L. sakei 383 was 8.65 mg/100 g.

망간은 자연계에 널리 존재하는 금속으로써 체내 대사와 효소 활성조절에 필수적인 요소이지만 장기간 또는 과량 노출 시 면역, 신경, 발생 등 다방면에 독성작용을 나타냄이 보고되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 미성숙한 암컷 흰쥐의 생식기관에 미치는 망간의 영향을 확인하는 것이다. 실험군은 이유한 암컷 흰쥐(PND 22; S.D. strain)에 망간(․O; Sigma Aldrich)을 1, 3.3, 10 mg/kg/day 농도로 경구 투여하였으며, 대조군은 0.9% 생리식염수를 경구투여하였다. 대조군 동물이 질구 개방(vagina opening) 된 생후 35일째에 전체 동물들을 일괄 희생하여 생식조직 무게를 측정하였다. 망간을 투여한 흰쥐의 체중은 대조군에 대비 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. 난소의 경우, 대조군에 비해 1 mg/kg/day 투여군과 3.3 mg/kg/day 투여군(각각 P<0.05, P<0.01)에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 자궁은 3.3 mg/kg/day 투여군(P<0.01)에서만 유의하게 감소하였다. 수란관의 경우 1 mg/kg/day 투여군(P<0.05)에서만 무게가 유의하게 증가하였다. 10 mg/kg/day 투여군의 생식조직은 대조군과 비교하여 유의한 변화가 없었으나, 비장의 경우 무게가 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 반면, 부신과 신장의 경우 망간 투여에 의한 무게 변화가 없었다. 본 연구는 이유 후 사춘기 개시까지의 비교적 단기간 동안 망간을 투여할 경우, 암컷 흰쥐의 생식기관 발달을 교란할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 망간이 생식조직에 미치는 구체적인 영향과 기작을 이해하기 위해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

새로운 항산화 기능성 새싹채소를 개발하고, 항산화효과가 우수한 재배 조건을 구명하기 위하여 황기, 석결명, 술패랭이꽃, 질경이 새싹채소의 재배 중 녹화기간에 따른 항산화효과 변화를 분석하였다. 연구의 결과, 종에 따라 광합성이 항산화능에 미치는 영향이 각기 다르게 나타났다. 황기 새싹채소는 총 폴리페놀 함량은 녹화 0일, 총 플라보노이드 함량은 녹화 3일째에 가장 우수하였으며, DPPH radical 소거능은 녹화 0일, ABTS radical 소거능은 녹화 1일, Fe2+ chelating효과는 녹화 0일, 지질과산화 억제활성은 녹화 3일째에 가장 우수하였다. 석결명 새싹채소는 2일 녹화했을 때 항산화물질 함량이 높고 radical 소거능이 우수하였으며, Fe2+ chelating효과는 녹화 0일, 지질과산화 억제활성은 녹화 1일째에 가장 우수하였다. 술패랭이 새싹채소는 녹화 3일 째에 항산화물질 함량이 높고, Fe2+ chelating 효과가 우수하였으며, radical 소거능과 지질과산화 억제 활성은 녹화시키지 않았을 때 가장 우수하였다. 질경이 새싹채소의 항산화물질 함량 및 radical 소거능은 녹화 2일째에 가장 우수하였으며, Fe2+ chelating 효과는 녹화 0일, 지질과산화 억제활성은 녹화 3일째에 가장 우수하였다. 연구의 결과, 식물 종에 목표로 하는 항산화 효과에 따라 광합성이 미치는 영향이 다르므로, 식물 종과 원하는 항산화 효과에 따라 재배 방법을 달리해야 할 것으로 생각되었다.