본 연구는 2012년 3월부터 2013년 1월까지 국립공원 자원모니터링 기본조사 자료의 활용성을 높이고 국립공 원 관리의 효율성을 향상시키기 위한 고축척 식생전자지 도 필요성에 따라 1/5,000 축척의 생태자연도 정밀화 사 업의 일환으로 수행되어졌다. 식생조사의 정확성 및 신속 성을 위하여 식생조사용 DB를 활엽수림, 침엽수림, 혼효 림, 암벽식생, 기타식생으로 분류한 후 식생조사용 식생 도를 제작하여 현지조사에 사용하였다. 식생조사식용 DB 구축 결과와 식생조사 결과를 반영한 식생도 구축 결과는 활엽수림이 77.20%, 78.45%로 거의 같았으며, 침엽수림 (16.70%, 13.41%), 혼효림 (9.50%, 7.49%), 암벽식생(0.60%, 0.15%) 분포비율의 차이가 크지 않았다. 식생조사 결과가 반영된 정밀식생도 중 식생 상관 대분류에서 나타난 식생유형은 산지낙엽활엽수림이 전체 의 65.78%를 차지하고 있어 가장 넓은 분포역을 나타내 고 있었으며, 산지습성림(15.17%), 산지침엽수림(10.90%), 식재림(7.00%) 순으로 분포비율이 높았다. 특히 수령이 50년 이상의 장령림, 극상림, 특이식생, 아 고산대식생 등 매우 양호한 식생유형을 보이는 식생보전 등급 I등급 지역의 비율이 약 20% 비율로 분포하고 있는 것은 덕유산의 삼림식생이 매우 안정적이고 다양하다는 것을 암시한다. 결론적으로 현재 우리나라 17개 육상국립공원에 대한 식생연구는 식물군락과 관련된 조사는 비교적 상세하게 연구되어 왔으나 식생도 관련 연구는 매우 미흡한 실정 이다. 이러한 이유는 현존식생에 대한 식생도는 1 : 25,000 의 소축적 지형도에 주로 의존하여 조사가 이루어져 왔 기 때문에 식물군락의 경계가 불확실하여 식생도에 대한 신뢰성이 높지 않았을 뿐만 아니라 식생조사용 식생도를 제작하지 않고 임상도, 항공사진 등을 참고하여 조사가 이뤄져왔기 때문이다. 본 연구는 이러한 경계불확실성을 최소화하기 위해 고해상도 영상자료 등 많은 자료를 참 고하여 식생조사용 식생도면을 제작한 후 덕유산내에 분 포하는 식생의 상관식생도면 및 식생보전가치평가도면을 작성하였다. 따라서 기존에 발표되었던 덕유산 식생도 관 련 연구(Kim, 1991; Korea National Park Service, 2004) 에 비해 크게 보완∙향상된 결과를 도출하였다.

Marinated beef galbi is a traditional Korean dish cooked with soy sauce, pear juice, onion, sesame oil, and sugar. However, there are many differences in beef galbi, including flavor and physicochemical aspects, depending on cooking conditions. Therefore, the physicochemical characteristics of marinated beef galbi prepared through various recipes was evaluated for its effects on pH, texture, aging, proteolysis, heating conditions, cooking time, and flavor compounds (pyrazines, IMPs, or FAAs). There were significant differences in salt concentration (0.8~3.03%), pH (4.89~6.22), and solid soluble contents (1.34-6.31 Brix) between recipes in this study. In the Pearson assay for sensory evaluation, overall preference correlated well with texture (a well-known sensory attribute in meat evaluation). Controlling the pH of meat through soaking in lemon solution, alkali water, phosphate, and baking powder solution, improved water holding capacity as much as 9 to 15% compared with the control. The myofibril index (MFI) of marinated meat stored at 4℃ increased 32% with 24 hours of aging and reached 39% at 48 hours of aging, and its fragmentation was observed through microscopy. SDS-PAGE showed hydrolysis of acid-soluble collagen by the pear juice, possibly related to meat tenderness. On the basis of surface temperature, the cooking time was estimated to be 8 minutes with pan heating at 170℃, 6 minutes at 270~300℃, and 4 minutes with charcoal at 700~900℃. Different pyrazine compounds, such as 2-methyl-3-phenylpyrrol(2,3-b) pyrazine (the typical product of the browning reaction) was mainly detected, and IMP (one of the main taste compounds in beef) was in higher amounts with the charcoal treatment, potentially related to its flavor preference among treatments. Our results demonstrate an effective case study and cooking system for beef galbi.

Seolleongtang, a traditional broth in Korea, is expected to become a hot global item for its unique flavor and healthiness. In this study, the correlations between sensory attributes and physicochemical characteristics were studied for the popular seolleongtang stock products through descriptive analysis, sensory evaluation and analysis of salt, soluble solid, protein, viscosity and color for the quality control. Our results indicate that color, concentration, viscosity, and freshness are important attributes in evaluating the quality of seolleongtang stock. There were significant differences between preference and sensory attributes among the stock products. Significant correlations were found between flavor and texture and overall acceptability, as well as beany odor and aroma. Preference and physicochemical aspects also correlated, and indicate that a range of salt, solubility, and viscosity are applicable as quality control factors in seollengtang stock.

Compound K(ginsenoside M1) is one of saponin metabolites and has many benefits for human health. This study was to investigate Compound K produced from ginseng crude saponin extract with commercial cellulolytic complex enzyme(cellulase, β-glucanase, and hemicellulase) obtained from Trichoderma reesei. The effect factors(temperature, pH, ginseng crude saponin extract and enzyme concentration, and reaction time) on production of Compound K from ginseng crude saponin extract were determined by one factor at a time method. The selected major factor variables were ginseng crude saponin extract of 2%(w/v), enzyme of 7%(v/v), reaction time of 48 hr. Based on the effect factors, response surface method was proceeded to optimize the enzymatic bioconversion conditions for the desirable Compound K production under the fixed condition of pH 5.0 and 50℃. The optimal reaction condition from RSM was ginseng crude saponin extract of 2.38%, enzyme of 6.06%, and reaction time of 64.04 hr. The expected concentration of Compound K produced from that reaction was 840.77 ㎎/100 g. Production of Compound K was 1, 017.93 ㎎/100 g and 862.31 ㎎/100 g, by flask and bench-scale bioreactor(2.5ℓ) system, respectively.

목적: 안경렌즈에서 광학중심점을 벗어난 위치에 따른 굴절력의 분포를 조사하였다. 방법: 시중에서 유통되고 있는 +1.50D, ±2.00D, -3.00D인 구면렌즈에 대해 광학중심점으로부터 0-25 mm만큼 떨어진 지점의 굴절력을 측정하고, 국제규격과 비교하였다. 결과: 렌즈의 광학중심점으로부터 멀어질수록 렌즈의 굴절력은 증가되어 오차가 커졌고, 원주굴절력의 발생빈도도 증가하였다. (-)렌즈의 경우 20 mm 이상에서는 대부분이 허용오차를 초과하였다. (+)렌즈는 모두가 허용오차 이내에 포함이 되었다. 결론: 국내외 시장에서 국산제품들이 더 높은 경쟁력을 확보하기 위해서는 엄정한 공정관리와 품질관리가 필요할 것이다.

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of balance training with 'TETRAX' system, a balance training and assessment tool, on balance and mobility in acute hemiplegic patients. Nineteen matched subjects were assigned randomly into either an experimental group or a control group. An experimental group with 10 subjects received balance training with 'TETRAX' exercise program and conventional physical therapy interventions 5 times per week during 4 weeks. A control group with 9 subjects received conventional physical therapy interventions 5 times per week during 4 weeks. Outcome measures were taken before and after 4 weeks of interventions using the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), gait speed, and the fall down index. Results indicated that both exercise groups improved significantly in STREAM, BBS, and gait speed (p<.05). The experimental group had a little improvement than the control group. Both exercise groups did not show statistical significance in fall down index (p<.05). Following 4 weeks of intervention, except gait speed there was no statistically significant difference between two groups. However, these findings suggest that conventional physical therapy interventions with visual feedback training could be effective on improving balance and mobility than conventional physical therapy alone in acute hemiplegic patients.

Handel`s Oratorio, Messiah has been generally perceived as a choral church music for Christmas season. Such perception, however, does not concur with Handel`s original conception for his English Oratorio as an entertainment performed at secular places during the Lent. One of the most obvious deviations from two-part Italian model is English Oratorio`s three-part construction. In addition, the three consisting parts of Handel`s Messiah reveal different structural models, respectively: the first part closely follows the constructive principle of contemporary oas sesson. with its regular recitative-arn.-chorus sequences; the second part, with its emphasi durichorus and quasi-testo tenor solo, reveals a strong influence of Gsoman Passion tradition; the shortest third part includes a denouement which clearly shows all the traits of an English Coronation Anthes aIn addition to achieving a perfect balance between the vocal solos and choruses, Messiah is a culmination of all these fertilizing models. These models reflect Handel`s career as an international composer. He began from the German soil, achieved complete assimilation of Italian tradition, and worked as a quasi-official court composer for the House of Hanover. The overall structure of the oratorio, however, was not conceived by Handel but Charles Jennens, the librettist of Messiah. Jennens`s compilation of entirely biblical extracts provides the general contour for the whole work, while Handel was responsible for the actual compositional decisions for the musical characters of each movement.

Aloe gel의 동결건조에 농축도가 서로 다른 액상 시료를 사용하였을 때 건조분말의 기능성 변화를 비교분석하였다. Aloe의 많은 기능성 중에서 유효 다당류의 농도, 기능성 작용기에 대한 FT-IR 특성, Jack bean urease 저해 효과, FAC(fat adsorption capacity)를 대상으로 하였다. 농축도가 높은 경우에 유효 다당류의 농도, urease 저해 효과, FAC 모두 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. FT-IR의 분석에서는 농축도가 높은 경우에 glucomannan의 acetyl 기에 대한 spectrum 영역인 1600-1550 cm-1와 1450-1400 cm-1에서 흡광도가 크게 관찰되었다. 결과적으로 Aloe gel의 동결건조 시 전처리과정인 농축 공정에서는 농축도가 높을수록 유효 다당류의 양과 acetyl기 함량의 수준이 크며, 간접적으로 urease 저해 효과에 따른 Helicobacter pylori의 억제 및 FAC의 증가 효과를 보였다.

자외선 살균소독기의 유효성을 검정하기 위하여 스테인리스스틸 컵 바닥에서 E. coli를 대상으로 살균력을 측정하고 살균패턴을 조사하였다. 스테인리스스틸 컵 바닥의 자외선 강도는 컵의 위치에 따라 큰 차이를 보였다. 중앙부에 놓인 컵의 바닥에서는 높은 자외선 강도를 보인 반면 외곽으로 갈수록 자외선 강도는 급격하게 약화되었으며, 이러한 편차는 상단 선반에서 가장 심하였고 중단 및 하단 선반으로 갈수록 완화되었다. E. coli를 대상으로 한 스테인리스스틸 컵 바닥에서 살균효과는 컵 바닥의 자외선 강도와 살균시간에 비례하였다. 자외선에 의한 E. coli 살균패턴은 tailing을 수반하는 의사 1차반응으로 나타났으며 각 구간의 살균속도상수를 산출한 결과 초기 살균속도상수(K1)는 위치에 따라 큰 차이를 보인 반면 후기 살균속도상수(K2)는 위치에 따른 차이가 크지 않았다. 현장에서 자외선 살균소독기를 용이하게 사용할 수 있도록 일정 살균치를 얻는데 필요한 자외선 조사시간을 산출하는 방정식을 제시하였다.

Purpose : To investigate correlations between ocular components and corneal aberration according to comeal topographic pattems. Methods : 100 subjects (127 eyes) whose corrected visual acuity is 20/20 or better participated in this study. Ocular components. comeal topography and comeal aberration were measured. Results : Round type was 25%. oval type was 17%. symmetric bow tie type was 15%. asymmetric bow tie type was 26%, irregular type was 17% in classified by corneal topographic patterns. There were significant correlations between 1st coma aberration and refraclive error. between corneal power and total astigmatism. spherical aberration(total. 1st. 2nd and 3rd). There was significant correlations between comeal eccentricity and 2nd astigmatism. There were significant correlations between corneal astigmatism and astigrnatism(total. 1st and 3rd). Refractive error. comeal astigmatism and comeal aberration were the highest value in round type among the 5 different comeal topographic patterns. Corneal power was the highest value in oval type. but corneal eccentricity was the highest value in symmetric bow tie type. Conclusions : lt is considered that this data can be used as basic information for further studies regarding effecls of comeal pattern and aberration on the qualily of vision.

The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) is a modified Berg's Balance Scale developed as a balance measure for school-aged children with mild to moderate motor impairments. The purpose of this study was to determine the inter-examiner reliability of the Korean version of PBS when applied to children with developmental delays. In this study, PBS was administrated to a total of 79 children with developmental delays (17 with global developmental delay, 31 with cerebral palsy, and 31 with mental retardation) in the Seoul Community Rehabilitation Center. Two pediatric trained physical therapists with longer than 13 year of clinical experience scored the children's performance blind, while replaying videotaped data. The inter-examiner reliability was statistically determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). The results of this study revealed that the Korean version of PBS seems to have high inter-examiner reliability when applied to children with movement disorders such as global developmental delay (ICC=.96) and cerebral palsy (ICC=.97); however, it has relatively lower inter-examiner reliability (ICC=.78) for children with developmental delay secondary to mental retardation. therefore, the results support that the Korean version of the PBS could be a useful clinical measurement to assess the balance skills for children with developmental delay who have an adequate level of cognition to enable them to fol1ow the verbal instructions to complete the test.

부등상시가 대비감도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 정시안을 가진 사람을 대상으로 우세안에 콘택트렌즈를 착용시켜 부동시를 유발하고, 안경렌즈로 교정한 후 발생한 부등상시를 대상으로 입체시 검사 및 원거리와 근거리, 명소시와 암소시의 조건으로 VCTS(Vistech Consultant INC)를 이용한 대비감도 검사를 실시하였다. 검사결과, 입체시는 7～9% 부등상시와 0% 부등상시 사이에서 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. VCTS 검사에 의한 대비감도는 7～9% 부등상시에서 모든 공간주파수에서 대비감도가 저하되는 것으로 나타났으며, 원거리와 근거리에 따른 대비감도의 변화는 뚜렷한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때 7~9% 이상의 부등상시는 양안시에 의한 대비감도를 저하시킬 수 있는 요인으로 분석되었다.

  Glass melting process is influenced by both control and observation factors, where control factors include quantity and mixing ratio of raw material, the amount of fuel and air in-take. Further observation factors include temperature and pressure at eac