The purpose of this paper is to analyze how strategically the bilaterally monopolistic firms, only-one-seller and only-one-buyer, behave in a situation in which each firm has uncertain information on its opponent firm's cost. Even though the two firms know that seeking integrated profit leads to the optimized profit for both firms, each firm has an incentive to opportunistically behave to increase its share of the integrated profit. These opportunistic behaviors of the firms are analyzed through a game theoretic approach especially finding Nash equilibrium mixed strategies for the strategic profiles such as true-report or not and monitoring or not. The comparative statics to the Nash equilibrium mixed strategies shows that as the profit share increases the probability of monitoring an opponent firm is decreased while the probability increases as the size of the overstated production cost increases. This study also shows that high penalty and low monitoring cost lead to high probability to tell the truth of the production cost.

This study was conducted to investigate the differences in households, parental perception, and dietary behaviors of preschool children from kindergartens with environment-friendly food service (environment-friendly food service group; EFG) versus children from kindergartens with general food service (general food service group; GFG). We sought this basic information to examine the impact of environment-friendly agricultural products in preschool food services. Age, education level, and monthly family income of the EFG were significantly higher than the GFG. The frequency of purchasing environment-friendly agricultural products was significantly higher in the EFG than the GFG, with the most frequently purchased items in both groups being vegetables. The GFG had a significantly higher perception than the EFG in the superior quality of environment-friendly agricultural products; however, a greater proportion of the GFG than the EFG thought environment-friendly products were too expensive. The most frequent reason for purchasing environment-friendly agricultural products in both groups was safety. When purchasing environment-friendly agricultural products, the most important selection factor for the majority of both groups was the label certifying quality assurance. Both groups also considered price reduction as essential for promoting environment-friendly agricultural products. In regard to parental perceptions on food service in kindergarten, the EFG had a significantly higher satisfaction with the nutritional adequacy of the menu compared to the GFG. Both groups considered food safety and health as primary reasons for using environment-friendly foods in the preschool food service, with a greater proportion of the EFG than the GFG responding this way. There were significant differences between the EFG and GFG, as the main satisfaction from using environment-friendly foods in the EFG was safety, freshness, and good hygiene, whereas the main satisfaction in the GFG was a good food service menu, freshness and good hygiene. Dietary behaviors of preschool children in the EFG were also significantly superior to the GFG. Thus, environment-friendly agricultural products have positive effects on the dietary behaviors of preschool children and should be increased in the preschool food service. Lowering prices and a strict supervision of quality assurance is also necessary to promote consumption of environment-friendly food materials.

목적 : 본 연구는 척수손상환자 돌봄자의 장애수용정도, 부담감, 대처행동의 일반적인 경향과 돌봄관련 특성과 척수손상환자의 질병관련 특성에 따른 변인들의 차이를 살펴보고, 이들 변인간의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 연구대상은 재활병원 및 종합병원 8곳에서 입원치료를 받고 있는 척수손상환자의 돌봄자 103명이었고, 연구변인들에 대한 측정으로 돌봄자의 장애수용, 수발자 부담 측정도구, 돌봄자의 대처행동을 사용하여 측정하였다. 결과 : 첫째, 척수손상환자 돌봄자들은 보통 정도의 장애수용을 하고 있었고, 신체적 부담감을 가장 많이 느꼈으며, 문제해결지향적 대처행동과 정서지향적 대처행동을 대부분 사용하고 있었다. 둘째, 여성 돌봄자가 남성보다 사회적 부담감을 많이 느끼고, 정서지향적 대처행동을 사용하였으며 돌보는 횟수가 많을수록 시간-의존, 발달, 사회적, 정서적, 재정적 부담감이 증가하였다. 또한 돌보는 시간이 늘어날수록 시간-의존 부담감, 사회적 부담감이 증가하였고, 긍정적 관심의 대처행동을 많이 사용하였다. 셋째, 경추와 흉추손상환자의 돌봄자가 요추손상환자의 돌봄자보다 시간-의존 부담감과 발달 부담감을 더 많이 느끼고 있었고, 희망적 관심의 대처행동을 더 많이 사용하였다. 넷째, 돌봄자의 장애수용정도가 높을수록 부담감을 적게 느꼈으며, 정서지향적 대처의 무관심한 대처행동을 많이 사용하였다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 재활상담현장에서 돌봄자들이 긍정적 장애수용을 하도록 돕고, 다양한 문제해결탐색과 신체적지지 추구를 도울 수 있는 교육, 상담 및 실제 프로그램이 요구되어 진다.

Various adhesive materials are used in flip chip packaging for electrical interconnection and structural reinforcement. In cases of COF(chip on film) packages, low temperature bonding adhesive is currently needed for the utilization of low thermal resistance substrate films, such as PEN(polyethylene naphthalate) and PET(polyethylene terephthalate). In this study, the effects of anhydride and dihydrazide hardeners on the low-temperature snap cure behavior of epoxy based non-conductive pastes(NCPs) were investigated to reduce flip chip bonding temperature. Dynamic DSC(differential scanning calorimetry) and isothermal DEA(dielectric analysis) results showed that the curing rate of MHHPA(hexahydro-4-methylphthalic anhydride) at 160˚C was faster than that of ADH(adipic dihydrazide) when considering the onset and peak curing temperatures. In a die shear test performed after flip chip bonding, however, ADH-containing formulations indicated faster trends in reaching saturated bond strength values due to the post curing effect. More enhanced HAST(highly accelerated stress test) reliability could be achieved in an assembly having a higher initial bond strength and, thus, MHHPA is considered to be a more effective hardener than ADH for low temperature snap cure NCPs.

In the present work, Al- composite powders were fabricated using a mechanical milling process and its milling behaviors and mechanical properties as functions of sizes ( , 500 nm and 50 nm) and concentrations (1, 3 and 10 wt.%) were investigated. For achieving it, composite powders and their compacts were fabricated using a planetary ball mill machine and magnetic pulse compaction technology. Al- composite powders represent the most uniform dispersion at a milling speed of 200 rpm and a milling time of 240 minutes. Also, the smaller particles were presented, the more excellent compositing characteristics are exhibited. In particular, in the case of the 50 nm added compact, it showed the highest values of compaction density and hardness compared with the conditions of and 500 nm additions, leading to the enhancement its mechanical properties.

In this study, cobalt oxide (Co3O4)/graphene composites were synthesized through a simple chemical method at various calcination temperatures. We controlled the crystallinity, particle size and morphology of cobalt oxide on graphene materials by changing the annealing temperatures (200, 300, 400℃). The nanostructured Co3O4/graphene hybrid materials were studied to measure the electrochemical performance through cyclic voltammetry. The Co3O4/graphene sample obtained at 200℃ showed the highest capacitance of 396 Fg-1 at 5 mVs-1. The morphological structures of composites were also examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Annealing Co3O4/graphene samples in air at different temperatures significantly changed the morphology of the composites. The flower-like cobalt oxides with higher crystallinity and larger particle size were generated on graphene according to the increase of calcination temperature. A TEM analysis of the composites at 200℃ revealed that nanoscale Co3O4 (~7 nm) particles were deposited on the surface of the graphene. The improved electrochemical performance was attributed to a combination effect of graphene and pseudocapacitive effect of Co3O4.

Graphene is the thinnest known materials in the universe and the strongest ever measured. Graphene has emerged as an exotic material of the 21st century and received world-wide attention due to its exceptional charge transport, thermal, optical, mechanical, and adsorptive properties. Recently, graphene and its derivatives are considered promising candidates as adsorbent for H2 storage, CO2 capture, etc. and as the sensors for detecting individual gas molecule. The main purpose of this review is to comprehensive the synthesis method of graphene and to brief the adsorption behaviors of graphene and its derivatives.

The sintering behaviors and process parameters of some compounds (carbides, oxides, sulfides, borides) were investigated experimentally. These compounds were successfully consolidated and showed high densities. Some unique phenomena such as retardation of grain growth, suppression of thermal decomposition and maintenance of initial non-equilibrium phases, were observed by the proper control of process in spark sintering.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and correlation of anthropometric data, eating behaviors, and nutrient intake on the bone mineral density(BMD) of female college students. 349 female college students were surveyed and their age, height, and weight were an average of 20.5 years, 163.2 ㎝ and 54.0 ㎏, respectively. Their average BMI was 20.2, with 66% falling in the normal range, 21.8% classified as underweight, 8.0% as overweight, and obese individuals comprised 3.4% of the sample by BMI classification. Calcaneal BMD was measured and the average T-score was 0.117. The results of BMD measurements were normal in 268 people(76.8%), osteopenia was found in 71 individuals(20.3%), and osteoporosis in 10(2.9%), respectively. There was a significant difference in bone mineral density according to height(p<0.05) and BMI (p<0.01). There were significant differences between BMD and eating behavior, regularity of eating behaviors(p<0.05), instant food intake(p<0.05), eating out(p<0.05) and nutritional supplement intake(p<0.05). In addition, normal the group with normal BMD had a more desirable eating behavior compared to the osteopenia and osteoporosis afflicted groups. BMD had a significant difference according to the nutrient intake of calcium(p<0.05), vitamin A(p<0.05), and vitamin C(p<0.05). In conclusion, BMD showed a good correlation with height(p<0.01), BMI(p<0.01), body composition including total body water(p<0.05), FFM(p<0.05), body protein(p<0.05) and intake of calcium(p<0.05), iron(p<0.05), vitamin A(p<0.05), and vitamin C(p<0.05). Therefore, an education plan and training on balanced diets proper body weight control, and desirable eating behaviors for female college students will be needed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits and snack consumption behaviors of middle school students with different obesity indexes in the Chungnam area. The survey was carried out using self-questionnaires and included 385 students(119 underweight, 193 normal weight, 66 overweight). The rate of skipping meals was higher for underweight students than overweight students; however, this difference was not statistically significant. The mean time of meal was 10 to 20 minutes and the criteria for choosing to eat a meal were ‘hunger’ and ‘taste’ in all groups. More than half of the subjects ate snacks 1 time a day, which were purchased outside. The typical snack time was ‘between lunch and dinner’. The criteria of for consuming a meal were ‘taste’ and ‘price’ in all groups. In the underweight group, the snack food scores were ice cream(4.4), fruit(4.3), fried chicken(4.1), sports beverage(4.0), fruit juice(4.0), pizza(4.0) and, tteokbokki(3.9). In the normal weight group, the snack food scores were ice cream(4.3), fried chicken(4.2), pizza(4.0), sports beverage(3.9), fruit juice(3.9) and, tteokbokki(3.9) in the overweight group, the snack food scores were ice cream(4.3), fruit(4.3), fried chicken(4.2), yogurt(4.0), sports beverage(4.0), fruit juice(4.0) and, ramen(4.0). In conclusion, the snaking behaviors of the subjects were not significantly different based on their obesity index. However, this study may provide basic information on the snacking behaviors of middle school students, and the findings suggest that nutrition education or counseling can improve snack intake habits and positive behaviors toward healthy adolescents diets.

The purpose of this study was to compare convenience food purchasing behaviors and food habits. The study, which asked surveyed 131 female college students in Daejeon, in 2011, on how they used nutrition labels. The subjects were divided into two groups, in terms of the way they checked examined nutrition labels: a "Check" group(n=62, 47.3%) and a "No check" group(n=69, 52.7%). Reasons given for not reading nutrition labelings were "a habit of buying" for 72.2%, and "too small or rude" for 19.1%. The "Check" group reported higher interest in nutrition(p<0.001) and hygiene(p<0.01) than the "No check" group. Those who used the labels had higher cereal(p<0.01) and vegetable(p<0.01) consumption and a lower intake of fast foods(p<0.05). But however, most of the subjects(65.6%) chose by taste, at the time they purchased the convenience foods. The subjects considered "expiry date"(n=87, 66.4%) to be more important information on food labels than "nutrient composition"(n=11, 8.4%). The number of products whose nutrition labels were checked by over 50% was five out of 12. In conclusion, our study suggests that proper use of nutrition labeling may improve food choices and enable healthy dietary practices. Further efforts are needed to provide the public with nutrition education programs on how to read nutrition labeling. Modifying nutrition labels to make them easier for the public to understand should also be considered.

This study was conducted to examine dietary behaviors according to residence status and ethnicity of university students in Yanbian, China. For the subjects, 334 university students (Male=141, Female=193) answered a questionnaire about perception of weight control, dietary patterns, health habits, residence status, and ethnicity. Perception of weight, meal frequency, favorite kind of food, meal finishing time, skipping breakfast, type of breakfast, snack frequency, late-night snack frequency, exercise frequency, regular life, and sleeping time were all significantly associated with residence status. Motivation of weight control, meal frequency, regularity of meal time, meal volume, favorite kind of food, exercise time, and regular life were all significantly associated with ethnicity. University students who lived with their parents perceived their weight more properly, exhibited a more positive dietary pattern, and lived a more regular life than those students who lived in a dormitory with their friends. Chinese students exhibited a more regular dietary pattern and lived a more regular life than the Korean-Chinese students. As a result, both environmental and inherent factors are related with the dietary behaviors of university students in Yanbian, China. These data could be used to help university students in Yanbian, China attain a healthy diet.

This study investigated refinement behaviors of TiC powders produced under different impact energy conditions using a mechanical milling process. The initial coarse TiC powders with an average diameter of 9.3 were milled for 5, 20, 60 and 120 mins through the conventional low energy mechanical milling (LEMM, 22G) and specially designed high energy mechanical milling (HEMM, 65G). TiC powders with angular shape became spherical one and their sizes decreased as the milling time increased, irrespective of milling energy. Based upon the FE-SEM and BET results of milled powders, it was found initial coarse TiC powders readily became much finer near 100 nm within 60 min under HEMM, while their sizes were over 200 nm under LEMM, despite the long milling time of up to 120 min. Particularly, ultra-fine TiC powders with an average diameter of 77 nm were fabricated within 60 min in the presence of toluene under HEMM.

◉ 목적 : 본 연구는 전반적 발달장애 아동을 대상으로 감각통합중재를 적용하였을 때 문제행동에 미치는 효과에 대한 체계적인 고찰을 통하여 감각통합중재의 객관적인 근거기반을 제시하고자 하였다. ◉ 연구방법 : 주요 검색어는 “sensory integration and pervasive developmental disorders”, “sensory integration and autism”, “감각통합중재”, “전반적 발달장애”, “자폐”를 사용하였으며, 대상논문의 범위는 2000년 1월부터 2011년 7월까지로 하였다. ◉ 결과 : 본 연구에 포함된 5편의 논문 중 무작위 실험설계는 1편이었고, 개별 실험설계는 4편이었으며, 종속변수 측정 방법으로는 비디오 녹화를 통한 등간 기록 분석법 4편, 평가도구를 통한 분석법 1편이었다. 무작위 실험연구의 질적 평가를 위하여 CONSORT form 2010을 사용하였으며, 명백한 문항이 36%로 나타났다. 비 무작위 실험연구의 질적 평가에서는 RoBANS를 사용하였고, 평가 결과 4편 모두 비뚤림(bias)의 위험 항목이 높게 나타났다. 모든 논문에서 감각통합중재 이후 문제행동이 감소될 것이라는 가설과 일치한 결과를 보였다. ◉ 결론 : 전반적 발달장애 아동의 감각통합중재 효과에 대하여 객관적인 근거를 제시할 수 있는 연구가 지속적으로 이루어지는 것이 필요하겠다

◉ 목적 : 본 연구는 만들기 그룹활동이 주의 집중력과 문제행동에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위한 것이다. ◉ 연구방법 : 활동성평정척도(Werry-Weiss-Perter’s Activity Rating Scale ; WWPARS ; WWP)와 문제행동 체크리스트(Child Behavior Checklist ; CBCL) 검사를 통하여 과잉행동을 동반하며 문제행동을 가진 3명의 아동을 대상으로 부모의 동의를 얻어 9주 동안 각 아동마다 8회에 걸친 만들기 그룹활동을 실시하였다. 아동마다 연구자 1명씩 개입하여 약 30분～60분씩 실시하였고, 4회 차에 중간평가를, 8회 차에 최종평가를 실시하였다. 평가도구는 활동성평정척도(WWP)와 문제행동 체크리스트(CBCL)를 사용하였다. ◉ 결과 : 각 아동마다 활동성평정척도(WWP)와 문제행동 체크리스트(CBCL) 평가 결과 활동성평정척도(WWP)는 3명의 아동 모두 긍정적 효과가 있었고 문제행동 체크리스트(CBCL) 평가 역시 3명의 아동 모두 긍정적 효과가 있었다. A아동은 활동성평정척도(WWP) 검사결과 총점 30점에서 16점으로 점수가 변화하였고, 문제행동 체크리스트(CBCL)는 총점 148점에서 122점으로 변화하였다. B아동은 WWP 총점 12점에서 6점으로 점수가 변화하였고, 문제행동 체크리스트 평가결과 총점 115점에서 74점으로 변화하였다. C아동은 WWP 총점 16점에서 12점으로, 문제행동 체크리스트(CBCL)는 총점 100점에서 87점으로 변화하였다. ◉ 결론 : 만들기 그룹활동의 적용이 주의집중력에 문제를 가진 학령기 전 아동에게 적용하였을 때 주의집중력을 향상시키고, 문제행동을 감소시키는데 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 기초로 대상자들의 수를 늘리고 장기간에 걸쳐 아동의 변화를 확인할 수 있는 요리활동 연구가 계속되기를 기대한다.

Carbon/epoxy woven composites are prominent wear-resistant materials due to the strength, stiffness, and thermal conductivity of carbon fabric. In this study, the effect of oilabsorption on the wear behaviors of carbon/epoxy woven composites was investigated. Wear tests were performed on dry and fully oil-absorbed carbon/epoxy woven composites. The worn surfaces of the test specimens were examined via scanning electron microscopy to investigate the wear mechanisms of oil-absorbed carbon/epoxy woven composites. It was found that the oil absorption rate was 0.14% when the carbon/epoxy woven composites were fully saturated. In addition, the wear properties of the carbon/epoxy woven composites were found to be affected by oilabsorption. Specifically, the friction coefficients of dry and oil-absorbed carbon/epoxy woven composites were 0.25-0.30 and 0.55-0.6, respectively. The wear loss of the oilabsorbed carbon/epoxy woven composites was 3.52×10-2 cm3, while that of the dry carbon/epoxy woven composites was 3.52×10-2 cm3. SEM results revealed that the higher friction coefficient and wear loss of the oil-absorbed carbon/epoxy woven composites can be attributed to the existence of broken and randomly dispersed fibers due to the weak adhesion forces between the carbon fibers and the epoxy matrix.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how constructs of job embeddedness (fit, links and sacrifice) affected innovation-related behaviors. This study also investigated the relationship between innovation-related behaviors and turnover intention. The samples of this study were employees of Daegu City restaurants who visited the 2010 Daegu Food Tour Expo on October 7-10. A total of 302 questionnaires were analyzed with the statistical methods of factor analysis, reliability test, and covariance structural analysis. There were two findings of the research. First, we found that fits, links, and sacrifice were positively related to innovation-related behaviors. Second, we found that innovation-related behaviors were negatively related to turnover intention. Therefore, restaurant managers in Daegu City should pay attention to providing employee organization that helps them to first in, makes sure that they have lots of links with other employees, and bestows as many wage and fringe benefits as possible. Also, restaurant managers should reward the innovation-related behaviors of employees.

This study attempted to identify differences in Korean food consumption behaviors between groups of Japanese consumers segmented in accordance to their food-related lifestyles. This study was performed to provide Korean food service companies basic information to implement a strategy for the globalization of Korean food. As a result of the empirical analysis, the food-related lifestyles of Japanese consumers were deduced to the following four factors: "health and safetyoriented lifestyle", "palate and safety-oriented lifestyle", "economic efficiency-oriented lifestyle", and "simplicity-oriented lifestyle". Further, as a result of the cluster analysis, food-related lifestyles were classified into the following three groups: "a group highly interested in food-related life", "an economic efficiency-oriented group", and "a simplicity-oriented group". Second, there were significant differences in demographic characteristics and the characteristics of Korean food consumption behaviors between the groups. Third, also in a comparison of satisfaction with and loyalty to Korean restaurants with crucial attributes during the selection of Korean food, there were significant differences between the groups. Therefore, it is necessary to develop various Korean food products that will cater to Japanese consumers in accordance with each segmented group.

본 연구는 등분포 하중에 종속된 폼내장 콘크리트 샌드위치 패널 (foam insulated concrete sandwich panel)의 구조거 동특성을 파악하였다. 유한요소모델이 콘크리트, 폼 그리고 철근의 비선형거동과 연결부재 (connector)의 상세 전단 저항거동을 모사하기위해 사용되었다. 개발된 모델은 미주리대학 (University of Missouri)에서 수행된 정적실험자료 를 사용하여 검증되었다. 합성 및 비합성 거동이 샌드위치패널의 구조거동에미치는 영향을 정확히 모사하기 위해 전단연결재의 저항력을 모델에 정확히 반영하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서 개발된 모델은 구조물의 극한강도및 좌굴이후의 거동까지 모사하였고 미국콘크리트 학회 (ACI)의 설계예제와 비교하였다. 본연구의 결과는 정적 및 동 적하중에 종속된 폼내장 콘크리트 샌드위치 패널의 해석및 설계에 유용한 정보를 제공할것이다.