두둑과 고랑을 재활용한 한국형 무경운 농업에서 유기물 투입과 관수 효과를 구명하고 자 무경운 토양에서 시험을 수행하였다. 1. 토양 미생물상 1회 전량관수 조건에서 대두박 투입 처리구의 토양 세균과 곰팡이 수는 대두박 무 투입 구에 비하여 많았다. 그리고 유기질비료 투입량이 표준시비량 66%까지 증가되면 세균과 곰팡이 수는 증가되었으나, 그 이상에서는 세균과 곰팡이 수가 감소되는 경향이었다. 곰팡 이/세균 비율은 관수 방법과 관계없이 대두박 투입 처리에서 0.6과 1.1로, 무투입 처리의 0.2와 0.5보다 2배 이상 높았다 1회 전량 관수 조건에서 유기질 비료 시비량이 증가되면 대두박을 투입한 처리는 방선균 수는 감소되는 경향이었으나, 대두박 무투입에서는 증가되었다. 2회 분할 관수는 1회 전량 관수에 비하여 대두박 무 투입 조건에서 세균과 곰팡이 수가 증가되었으나, 대두박 투입 조건에서는 방선균 수가 증가되었다. 2. 토양 효소 유기질 비료의 시비량이 증가되면 토양 내 Chitinase 활성은 대두박 투입 토양에서 감소 되고, 대두박 무 투입에서는 증가되는 경향이었다. 그러나 대두박을 투입에 관계없이 2회 분할 관수는 1회 전량관수에 비하여 Chitinase 활성이 증가되었다. 1회 전량관수 조건에서 대두박 투입 처리구의 β-Glucosidase 활성은 무투입에 비하여 높 았으며, 유기질 비료 투입량이 증가되면 표준시비량의 66%까지는 β-Glucosidase 활성이 증 가되었으나, 표준시비량에서는 감소되었다. 대두박 무투입 조건에서 2회 분할관수 토양 내 β-Glucosidase 활성은 1회 전량관수에 비하여 현저하게 증가되었다. 1회 전량관수 조건에서 대두박을 투입한 처리의 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase의 활성은 무투입구에 비하여 높았다. 대두박 투입 처리에서 유기질 비료 투입량이 표준시비량의 66 %까지 증가되면 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase의 활성은 증가되었으나, 표준시비량에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 대두박 무투입 조건에서 2회 분할관수는 1회 전량관수에 비하여 N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase의 활성은 증가되었다. 대두박 무투입 조건에서 유기질 비료 시비량이 표준량의 66% 수준에서는 토양 내 산성인 산가수분해효소(Acid phosphatase)의 활성 높았다. 대두박 투입 조건에서는 유기질 비료 시비 량이 증가되면 산성인산가수분해효소(Acid phosphatase)의 활성은 증가되는 경향이었다. 3. 토양 AMF 대두박 무투입 조건에서 유기질 비료의 투입량이 표준시비량의 66%까지 증가되면 토양 의 내생균근균의(AMF) 포자수는 증가되었으나, 유기질 비료 투입량이 표준시비량에서는 근균의 포자수는 감소되었다. 그러나 대두박 투입에서 근균의 포자수는 유기질 비료 투입 량에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그리고 내생 근균의 고추 뿌리에 정착률은 대두박 투 입량에 따른 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 2회 분할 관수도 같은 경향이었다.

The increase in the frequency of occurrence of abnormal weather could include severe rainfall, which could cause rice submergence during the ripening stage. This experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of submergence during the ripening period on yield and quality of rice. The flooding treatment was conducted at 7 and 14 days after heading. Flooding conditions were created with two conditions, flag leaf exposed and overhead flooding, and each condition was divided into two conditions according to water quality—clear and muddy. Although the yield decrease was more severe at 7 days after heading because of the decrease in the ripening ratio, the head rice ratio was more affected at 14 days after heading because of the increase in the chalky kernel ratio. The maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), which indicates the photosynthetic efficiency, did not differ before and after the flooding treatment until flooding continued for 4 days. In addition, stem elongation occurred because of flooding as an avoidance mechanism in japonica rice. This phenomenon was expected to decrease the supply of assimilation products to the spikelet (sink). Overall, it was suggested that additional experiments should be conducted examining the change in the starch synthesis mechanism and transfer of assimilate products resulting from submergence, for development of cultivation techniques corresponding to submergence and breeding of varieties with submergence tolerance characteristics.

최근 대규모 국책사업의 축소와 소규모 공사 및 정원의 수요 증가로 녹지조성용 조경수와 기능성 조경수, 정원수 등으로 용도 및 수종별 맞 춤형 조경수 생산이 요구되고 있다. 정원수로서 꽃과 수형이 아름다운 규격화된 조경수를 생산하기 위해서는 노지재배에 비하여 컨테이너 재배가 매우 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있으며 생산기반을 구축하기 위한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구는 정원용으로 활용되는 목본식 물인 소나무(Pinus densiflora), 단풍나무(Acer palmatum), 무궁화(Hibiscus syriacus), 서양수수꽃다리(Syringa vulgaris), 이팝나무 (Chionanthus retusus), 피라칸다(Pyracantha angustifolia) 3년생을 용적 40L의 흑색 플라스틱 용기에 원예용상토(펄라이트 40%+피트모 스 60%)와 황토를 1:1로 혼합하여 정식하였다. 정식 후 뿌리 활착을 위하여 1개월 간 정상관수로 관리한 후 관수개시점 토양수분을 1, 5, 10, 15, 20%로 조절하여 2년간 생육변화를 조사하였다. 소나무의 생육은 수고와 지하부 생체중 15%, 수관폭과 지상부 생체중 10%에서 높 았으며 무궁화는 수고와 지상부생체중 15%, 수관폭 20%에서 높았다. 이팝나무는 수고 15%, 수관폭 20%, 지상부 생체중 5%, 지하부 생체 중 10%에서 높았다. 단풍나무와 피라칸다는 수고, 수관폭, 지상부 생체중 모두 20%에서 높았으며 서양수수꽃다리는 모두 15%에서 높았 다. 최종 생체중을 기준으로 최적 관수개시점을 설정하면 소나무 16.2%, 무궁화 16.9%, 서양수수꽃다리 21.6%, 이팝나무 15.9%가 적정하 였으며, 단풍나무, 피라칸다는 20%이상으로 수종별로 다르게 나타나 용기재배시에 수종별로 적정 관수개시점을 달리하여 재배하는 것이 유리할 것으로 판단된다.

Background : The main ingredients of bed soil specialized for ginseng, which is often used in cultivation of young ginseng, are peat moss, vermiculite and cocopeat. These ingredients are imported from overseas countries because they are not produced in Korea, and thus play an important role in pricing of the bed soil. The bed soil products show satisfactory ability to retain moisture but, are known to require different containers and water management methods depending on the components of the soil and the crops to be cultivated. However, proper studies on cultivation of young ginseng in greenhouses are yet to be conducted, and research data on water management methods and irrigation amount for box culture of young ginseng are largely unavailable. Methods and Results : To establish the proper method of irrigation for cultivation of young ginseng, young ginseng were cultivated while providing water once a week through the method of drip irrigation and the method that combines drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation. To establish the proper amount of water required, each box is provided with 2 ℓ, 3 ℓ and 4 ℓ of water respectively and the growth and development of both above and below aerial parts were examined after 45 days. The growth and development of both above and below aerial parts of young ginseng did not show any statistically significant differences between the two irrigation methods but, the young ginseng provided with water through the method that combines drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation showed a relatively superior growth. Conclusion : Based on the above results, the proper method of irrigation for greenhouse cultivation of young ginseng is to combine the sprinkler irrigation - before budding - and the drip irrigation - after budding. The young ginseng showed the most satisfactory growth when provided with 4 ℓ water once a week, while those provided with less water – 2 ℓ - showed poor growth. For short-term cultivation of 45 days, the growth and development of young ginseng showed little difference regardless of the irrigation methods and the amount of water provided.

Background : Schisandra chinensis is being weighted difficulties in stable production, there is increasing drought damage caused by climate change as shallow rooted crops. Therefore, the study was performed for water supply capacity and growth characteristics analysis by setting the irrigation method for the drought damage reduction. Methods and Results : Test material was used sophomore V-shaped planting Schisandra chinensis. Irrigation method were surface watering, underground watering, sprinkler and untreated. Underground irrigation was irrigation that buried hose and then dug up the 15㎝. Soil moisture tension was the irrigation after fixed at -30 ㎪(23%). Irrigation timing was performed in June-July that high drought damage and made the most fruit enlargement. The main investigating items were investigated fruit growth, normal fault rate, soil moisture and EC content according to the irrigation method. Normal fruit rate according to irrigation method were appeared in sprinkler(81, 74 %)>underground irrigation(76, 69 %)>surface irrigation(76, 67%)>untreated(66, 52 %). Cluster length of yield component was determined to effective irrigation method in fruit growth the highest in sprinkler. Soil moisture contents was maintained at appropriate level with significant -30㎪(23 %) in the sprinkler. EC content low with a downward trend in underground irrigation and sprinkler. Water supply capacity according to Irrigation Method were sprinkler 40 tons, underground irrigation 85 tons, surface irrigation 138 tons. Conclusion : Appropriate watering methods for drought damage reduction of Schisandra chinensis caused by climate change was determined in the most efficient irrigation method in sprinkler that high fruit growth and normal fruit rate, lower the required of water supply capacity.

Background : Ginseng root rot caused by soil-borne pathogens, Cylindrocarpon destructans and Fusarium solani, is a major factors of replanting failure in ginseng cultivation. Some of the phenolic compounds detected in the soil of commercially cultivated American ginseng could inhibit the seed germination and seedling growth of American ginseng. Our study is to investigate the causes of replanting failure of ginseng by overhead flooding treatment and soil incorporation of ginseng fine root in soil infected with root rot pathogens. Methods and Results : To make soil occurring continuous cropping injury, 2-year-old ginseng infected with Cylindrocarpon destructans replanted in soil cultivated ginseng for 5 years. Treatment are as follows: 1) control, 2) water of 2ℓ was irrigate infected soil of 20ℓ, 3) ginseng fine root of 20g was mixed with infected soil of 20ℓ. Soil pH was increased, while other inorganic components were significantly reduced by overhead flooding treatment. Soil incorporation of ginseng fine root decreased soil pH, but increased EC, NO3, P2O5 and K, meanwhile, did not affected changes in organic matter, calcium, magnesium, sodium. Irrigation treatment in soil occurring replanted failure promoted distinctly above-ground growth of ginseng, and inhibited the occurrence of root rot because inorganic nutrient like NO3, P2O5 and K were decreased to optimal levels, and the density of soil pathogens could be reduced. Growth of ginseng was not inhibited, while root rot was promoted by soil incorporation of ginseng fine root. Conclusion : Irrigation treatment was effective in promoting the growth of ginseng and inhibited root rot distinctly. Ginseng fine root remaining in the soil after ginseng harvest did not affect the above-ground growth of ginseng, while promoted the occurrence of root rot.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of irrigation level on shoot and bulb growth at different growth stages of tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) in sandy loam soil of Imjado, Shinangun, Chonnam. To examine the proper irrigation level, the irrigations of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 L･m -2 were treated at sprouting and leaf development stage (March 2013) and at leaf and stem elongation stage (April 2014). And natural precipitation, shoot growth and bulb growth were investigated. At sprouting and leaf development stage in March, leaf length and width of ‘Negrita’ were smaller in 1 L treatment, and bulb growth was worse in 1 and 5 L irrigation. But shoot and bulb growth were good in 2 to 4 L treatments. In ‘Leen van der Mark’, leaf width, circumference and weight of main bulb, and total bulb weight were reduced more in 5 L than the others. Shoot and bulb growth were better in 1～3 L treatments. At leaf and stem elongation stage in April, leaf and bulb growth of ‘Red Shine’ were the best in 2 L treatment. Shoot and bulb growth, such as circumference and weight of main bulb and No. of daughter bulb were reduced more in 5 L treatment than the others. In ‘Kees Nelis’, plant height and leaf length were longer in 2 L, and growth of main bulb was better in 2～3 L treatments. But shoot and bulb growth were worst in 1 and 5 L treatments. Therefore, it was suggested that irrigation of 2 L･m -2 (4 L･m -2 if natural precipitation is included) at the two stages was more effective for water conservation and shoot and bulb growth.

Background : Green house hydroponic ginseng in the production cycle is shorter than the open field cultivation growers and attention. In particular, this part of the Aerial is a study on the active ingredients and contents. Ginseng has been focused on the past producing soil cultivation, producing hydroponic ginseng aerial part is known to have a high content of ginsenosides, and the active ingredient. Irrigation method, the culture soil and nutrient management are the impacts associated with the product's performance on ginseng growth. Ginseng growth stage is divided into five stages: emergence, foliation, root elongation, root enlargement and defoliation. because ginseng requires a water adjustment for each growth stage. It has been trying to control bottom surface irrigation and nutrient concentrations. Methods and Results : Ginseng seedling has been used for experiments to screen a healthy seedling of around 0.8g. Each of the seedling transplanted box was water supplied to the timer and the individual nozzle was 4ℓ amount per hour. All growth measures and sampling was carried out four times a seedling transplantation from 30 to 120 days. Soil sampling each time was a chemical analysis. In addition, the plant was used to analyze the ginsenosides. Conclusion : 12 of total ginsenosides ingredients were highest in the aerial part is 90 days, total ginsenosides of the 10 components in the root part was the highest in 30 days. The results were different this ginsenosides content from time to time, there were differences with previous reports. Results are shown to be due to the difference in the cultivation method and environment.

Background : The Ginseng has been one of the crops that represents Korea, and the main export items in the 1960s, Now it occupies the first exports of agricultural products. The Eco-friendly cultivation of Ginseng was difficult for various reasons. But the cultivation in Green House can be suppressed disease occurrence, when utilizing an environmentally friendly materials has the advantage that can dramatically increase the income by possible organic production. For other crops, it made up a lot of studies on water management, But the studies on water management of ginseng is somewhat lacking. Therefore, this study was conducted to establish appropriate soil- moisture-management-systems within the house of ginseng cultivation. Methods and Results : The type of house is a double steel structure. The first layer was PE film, the second layer was the blue shading net and 75% black shading net. The Soil texture was silt loam and the Soil Series was YEONGOK Series. Install the house on the adjacent paddy soil and upland soil, and planting on April 30, 2011 which was cultivated by the straw mulching. The irrigation start point was the 40, 30, 20kpa, and the end point was treated with 15, 10kpa. Soil moisture measurements were determined by tension meter(Jet Fill) depth 20cm in soil. Growth and Yield Survey was conducted in accordance with the Rural Development Administration (RDA) standard research. Statistical analysis of the results were analyzed using the Microsoft's Excel 2003. Conclusion : In a survey due to differences in soil traits and Irrigation point, from 2 years to 4years of root weight and yield of Ginseng were heavier in the upland, especially 30kpa irrigation point treatment was heaviest than the other treatments. From 5year to 6 Years of ginseng has showed heavier in paddy soil, the most treatment was 30kpa- 15kpa irrigation point. This trend was the same in upland soil. Soil moisture management in the case of silt loam, the humid-state-control was more advantageous than dry-state control in upland and paddy soil.

Background : Boxthorn has been cultivated by conventional fertilization and irrigation methods that can be characterized by applying a great deal of fertilizers and a small amount of water compared to the other crops. With increasing rain shelter greenhouses, there were significant needs for developing new fertigation and irrigation methods. In this study, several prescribed fertigation methods for balanced fertilizer application and a few irrigation start methods based on soil moisture tension has been tested to confirm the fruit quality and productivity for Boxthorn growers. Methods and Results : In the experiment, ‘Cheong-un’ cultivar was grown in the rain shelter greenhouses for the tests. Plots were set by randomized block design. According to the growth investigation on the ‘Cheong-un’ cultivar which is supplied with four different formulated fertigation, the formulation N 15 me/ℓ increased the size and weight of fruit leading to 17% increased yield than the others. Additionally, on the amount of annual supply of fertigation with the concentration of N 15 me/ℓ, the treatment applied with 10kg/10a during the cultivation period facilitated overall growth of ‘Cheong-un’ cultivar and increased the yield as well. In the irrigation experiment ‘Cheong-un’ cultivar was grown in the four differently planned treatments that start irrigation at –20, -40, -50 and -100kPa soil moisture tensions. According to the investigation, the irrigation treatment starting at -50kPa enhanced the number of fruit bearing and productivity of Boxthorn consistently during two years. Conclusion : Therefore, the newly developed fertigation and irrigation methods could enhance the annual income of Boxthorn growers by increasing growth and yield.

Background : Yam absorbs nutrition and water through water absorptive root generated from head of rhizome. Round-shaped yam (RSY, Dioscorea opposita) and tropical round-shaped yam (TRSY, Dioscorea alata)are more sensitive to drought because of shorter head of rhizome and shallower root compared to long yam or short yam. This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of irrigation on RSY and TRSY yam at 205 in Institute of Bioresources Research, GBARES. Methods and Results : Tuber of RSY and TRSY were cut as 40 g, and dust-coating sterilized with lime. Seedlings were grown in heating wire installed seed bed from 25. March to 16. April. Experimental field were fertilized 2,000 kg compost, 34 kg N2, 28 kg P2O5, and 28 kg K2O. All amount of compost and P2O5 treated as basal fertilizer. N2 and K2O treated 14 and 10 kg of basal fertilizer, and 20 and 18 kg of additional fertilizer, respectively. Tillage, installation of drop-watering tapes, and covering black PE film with 60×25 cm spacing holes on 120 cm row were conducted. 20 L per m2 was irrigated 7 days interval except rainy day from middle of May to late of September. RSY had high emergence rate in early stage due to irrigation, while TRSY had no difference. Irrigation was not effective on total number of tuber but number of marketable tuber (over 200 g). Marketable tuber yield of RSY according to irrigation was increased 89% as 1,147 kg per 10 a. And tuber with irrigation was 73 g heavier. Tuber yield and marketable tuber yield of TRSY as affected by irrigation were respectively 2,611 and 1,715 kg per 10 a compared to control, 1,462 and 428 kg. And irrigated tuber was 66 g heavier. Conclusion : TRSY had more effective on irrigation than RSY. Both of yam had significant increased marketable tuber yield due to irrigation. Therefore RSY and TRSY are necessarily irrigated because of those absorptive characteristics, short head of tuber and shallow root.

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of no-tillage and split irrigation on the growth of pepper plant under green house condition in Jeonnam province. Moisture content of soil at whole quantity irrigation in tillage was increased rapidly regardless of soil depth for initial irrigation and then was decreased continuously until next irrigation. Deviation of moisture content in soil was decreased with increasing depth of soil. Moisture contents of top soil and subsoil (20 cm) at whole quantity irrigation in no-tillage were increased with sunrise, and then decreased with sunset. Moisture contents of top soil in tillage, and top soil and subsoil (20 cm) in no-tillage at half quantity irrigation indicated a cyclic diurnal variation by evapotranspiration. Salinity of soil was increased after initial irrigation and then was decreased continuously until next irrigation. With increasing depth of soil, increases of salinity in soil was delayed. Salinity of top soil in no-tillage was increased between AM 11:00 and AM 12:00, and then showed the highest level between PM 2:00 and PM 6:00 on a cyclic diurnal variation by evapotranspiration. Salinity of subsoil (30 cm) in no-tillage was not measured a cyclic diurnal variation. Moisture content and salinity of soil was positive correlation regardless of tillage and no-tillage cultivation. Growth of pepper in no-tillage cultivation was higher than that in tillage cultivation. Main branch Length and stem diameter of half quantity irrigation plot was higher than that of whole quantity irrigation plot regardless of tillage and no-tillage cultivation. After harvesting, the number of pepper fruits of half quantity irrigation plot was increased remarkably by 49% and47%, in tillage and no-tillage cultivation, respectively. Pepper yield of no-tillage cultivation plot was higher by 8% than that of tillage cultivation plot. Pepper yield of half quantity irrigation plot was increased remarkably by 36% and 39%, in tillage and no-tillage cultivation, respectively.

This study was carried out to investigate growth characteristics of plants in accordance with irrigation period and to find the optimum irrigation conditions for plants that help to improve the indoor environment. Four foliage plants used in this study included Chlorophytum comosum, Dieffenbachia amoena ‘Marianne’, Epipremnum aureum, and Spathiphyllum spp.. The plants cultivated in three different irrigation frequency: 2 times/week; 1 time/week; and 1 time/2 weeks. As a result, average soil moisture content of four foliage plants for one month measurement period, 2 times/week, 1 time/week, and 1 time/2 weeks were maintained at 47.3±3.0%, 17.3±2.0%, and 10±1.5%, respectively. All four kinds of plants showed a good visible growth in 1 time/week irrigation. Chlorophytum comosum was slowly begin to die in 1 time/2 weeks irrigation and it was completely dead at the end of the experiment. So it is considered that circumspection is needed for drying. Dieffenbachia amoena ‘Marianne’ was dead by each one pot in 2 times/week and 1 time/2 weeks.So it seemed to be a proper watering plants. Epipremnum aureum, and Spathiphyllum spp. showed good growth characteristics regardless of irrigation frequency, it showed good tolerance of the irrigation. In particular, Epipremnum aureum was no significant difference in SPAD value, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf water potential according to irrigation frequency, so it was the best plants to irrigation water management.

종료 폐기물 매립지의 토지이용은 국토이용의 효율적 측면과 활용가능성을 높이는 유용성이 있으므로 매립지의 토지이용에 관한 적극적인 검토가 필요하여 연구에 착수하게 되었으며, 주요목적은 조기 녹화에 따른 경관향상과 악취, 비산먼지의 완화, 침출처리수 재활용가능, 매립지 건조 스트레스의 감소를 제시할 수 있고, 특히 STEM 관수시스템으로 적정수분을 제어 공급하는 방안이 주요 특징이다. 따라서 수목의 지속생육이 가능한 토양환경개선과 복토층 감소 및 식생활성화에 의한 환경개선효과를 기대할 수 있다. 수분과 시비량의 효율적인 조절이 가능한 STEM관수를 적용한 피복방안은 조경식물 포트재배 후 반출방안과 경사면 녹화이용 자생종 활용방안을 도입할 수 있으며. 이식 시에도 근권부를 포함한 생체량 전체를 기존 식재지에서 반출할 수 있다. STEM관수 및 웰빙토 사용시, 저심토 생육유지에 유리하고, 인력 및 장비, 환경오염저감에 상당히 효율적인 매립지 녹화기술 관수시스템이다.

This study was conducted to measure the effect of PE film mulching and irrigation methods on the growth, yield and antioxidant activity of potatoes tubers, in order to examine the possibility of cultivating potatoes in winter season in vinyl greenhouse on the reclaimed tidal land with weak ground inside the sea wall currently completed. The test was conducted on the sandy loam soil (Munpo series), and its salt concentration was 0.42% at the time of planting. The emergence speed per kind of PE film mulching was in the order of black > coloration > transparent > green color, with the black color showing the fastest speed. The temperature change during a day per kind of PE film mulching was in the order of transparent > coloration > green > black color. As for the salt concentration in the soil for each different way of water management, the salt concentration in the treatment of drip irrigation with 1 week interval was lower than that drip irrigation with 2 weeks interval. As for the growth of above-aerial part, plant length was higher, number of tiller and leaves were more and dry weight of above-aerial part was larger in the treatment of drip irrigaton with 1 week interval than drip irrigation with 2 weeks interval. As for the yield of potatoes depending on were higher with pear color vinyl treatment. each way of water management, the yield in the treatment of drip irrigation with 1 week interval was more than drip irrigation with 2 weeks interval. The yield for each different kind of PE film mulching in the weekly drip-irrigation management section was in the order of transparent ≥ black ≥ coloration ≥ green color. In both of total phenol content and DPPH free radical activity experiments, the content and activity

Barnyard grasses are dominant weed that are not eliminated easily in the direct water seeding cultivation. So, deep water treatment can reduce their growth at the early growing stage of submerged paddy. This study was carried out to investigate the reducing growth of the barnyard grasses through flooding at seedling stages of rice plant in the green house. Under the normal condition, the plant height of rice variety, Samgwangbyeo, and 3 species of barnyard grass, E. caudata, E. pratocola and E. utilis were not showed the difference up to 10 days after seeding while the plant height of 3 barnyard grass species, especially E. utilis, was more elongated than the rice at 25 days after seeding. Plant height of the 3 barnyard grasses were not elongated largely during 3, 5 and 7 days of flooding treatment at 10 days after seeding. Interestingly, the rice seedlings was grown over 20 cm, and the flooding tolerance of rice seedling was higher than the 3 barnyard grass varieties. However, after flooding treatment for 3, 5 and 7 days, the elongation of plant height of 3 barnyard grasses, especially E. utilis was more speedy compared to rice seedlings as 6 to 9 days passes. And the protein spots from barnyard grasses were also reduced and eliminated more than the spots of rice seedling after flooding treatment.