Regional air quality regulation is a system that allows the Minister of Environment to designate the local area as air quality control region where the concentrations of air pollutants are exceeding the environmental standards, and the local governments that administrate the regulated area have to develop and practise a plan for reducing the air pollutants. From the data observed yearly by the monitoring stations in 8 provincial cities with more than 0.5 million people was judged the compliance with air quality standards in each municipality for the period of 2003 to 2013. As the result of investigation on air pollutants concentrations of each city, it was found that there was no station that exceeds the ambient air quality standards of CO, SO2 and 24-hour NO2. But all municipalities exceeded the standards of 8-hour O3, annual and 24-hour PM10, and therefore 8 municipalities can be designated to be under the local air regulation. For the annual NO2 were the monitoring sites necessary requirements for designation of the air quality regulation region in Cheongju, Cheonan, Daejeon and Gwangju area. Incase of 1-hour O3, some of stations in Pohang, Cheongju, Cheonan and Changwon area were over the designation standards for the air quality control region.

In order to improve the prediction of the regional air quality modeling in the Seoul metropolitan area, a sensitivity analysis using two PBL and microphysics (MP) options of the WRF model was performed during four seasons. The results from four sets of the simulation experiments (EXPs) showed that meteorological variables (especially wind field) were highly sensitive to the choice of PBL options (YSU or MYJ) and no significant differences were found depending on MP options (WDM6 or Morrison) regardless of specific time periods, i.e. day and night, during four seasons. Consequently, the EXPs being composed of YSU PBL option were identified to produce better results for meteorological elements (especially wind field) regardless of seasons. On the other hand, the accuracy of all simulations for summer and winter was somewhat lower than those for spring and autumn and the effect according to physics options was highly volatile by geographical characteristics of the observation site.

The final goal of this research is to develop a botanical biofiltration system, which combines green interior, biofiltering, and automatic irrigation, which can purify indoor air pollutants according to indoor space and the size of biofilter. The biofilter used in this experiment was designed as an integral form of water metering pump, water tank, blower, humidifier, and multi-level planting space in order to be more suitable for indoor space utilization. This study was performed to compare indoor air quality between the space adjacent to a botanical biofilter and the space away from the biofilter (control) without generation of artificial indoor air pollutants, and to evaluate plant growth depending on multiple floors within the biofilter. Each concentration of indoor air pollutants such as TVOCs, monoxide, and dioxide in the space treated with the biofilter was lower than that of control. Dracaena sanderiana ‘Vitoria’ and Epipremnum aureum ‘N Joy’ also showed normal growth responses regardless of multiple floors within the biofilter. Hence, it was confirmed that the wall-typed botanical biofilter suitable for indoor plants was effective for indoor air purification.

This research performed the effects of the air ratio to produce the syngas from the fixed-bed gasifier for municipalsolid waste. At the inside of reactor, temperature depends on amount of the oxidant to classify four distinct process,combustion, reduction (gasification), pyrolysis and dry zone. As decreasing the air flow rate, the particulate matters hada tendency to decrease, proportionally. In this system, the producer gas needs the clean-up process over 98% efficiencyfor connecting the internal combustion engine to generate electric power. At the test 1 and 2, while the air ratio decreased,the LHV of syngas and CGE were increased. however, at the test 3, because the oxidizer had injected more less thandemanded, these showed a decreasing tendency.

The extreme weather conditions negatively affect the traffic flow performance, and the change of traffic systems has significant impacts on the air pollutant emission. This study identifies the correlation between rainfall, traffic volume, travel speed and air pollution concentration (NO2 and PM10) in Seoul. We employed a path analysis using rainfall data from Korea Meteorological Administration and Seoul’s air quality and traffic monitoring data in July and August on 2014. It is found that the occurrence of rainfall decreases NO2 and PM10 concentration due to the higher washing effect, while rainfall increases NO2 and PM10 concentration via the changes in traffic volume and traffic speed. The analysis of the rainfall intensity reveals that the rainfall increases NO2 concentration due to the traffic volume increase and the traffic speed reduction if an hourly rainfall is more than 5mm. It is to note that the current model succeeds in identifying the relationship between weather conditions, traffic flow performance and air pollution in a unified and consistent framework, which can be used for better predicting the changes in air pollution concentration.

To improve air quality around a broad way, Daegu Metropolitan city employed the clean-road system at a part of the broad way of Dalgubul (Daigubul-daero) in 2011. The clean–road system in general is operated two times (4 am, 2 pm) during summertime. In case of scorching alert, the system is operated 3 times a day (4 am, 2 pm and 4 pm). To evaluate the effect of air quality improvement due to the system, we analyzed the time variation of monthly mean particulate matter (PM10) concentration in recent 3 years (2011-2013). The improvement of air quality was estimated at about 5～15 % under the system.

Mobile sources produce a significant fraction of total anthropogenic emissions in Korea and have harmful effects on air quality. Mobile emissions are intrinsically difficult to estimate due to complicated road networks and variations of traffic volume with location and time. To measure traffic pollutants with high temporal and spatial resolution under real conditions a mobile laboratory was designed. The mobile laboratory provide concentrations of SO2, CO, NO, NO2 and location coordinate value. This approach allowed for pollutant level measurements on many roads within short periods of time. In this study, on-road concentrations of SO2, CO, NO and NO2 were measured using mobile platform measurement along the 25 main roads in Busan to estimate the average air pollution level in short time difference. The measurements were conducted on favorable meteorological days from 2010 to 2012 and the overall concentrations of SO2, CO, NO and NO2 were 0.006, 0.8, 0.182 and 0.055 ppm respectively. The result showed that the concentration of CO, NO and NO2 on road were twice, 18 times and 2.5 times higher than regional air quality monitoring sites mean in same period.

In recent, many researches are in progress to improve the indoor air quality. So, we proposed the specified concrete mixed with functional materials. In order to evaluate the performance of functional concrete, the mechanical properties, durability and the change in formaldehyde concentration were compared. According to the results, the specified concrete compared to normal concrete, showed similar levels in terms of mechanical properties and durability, while its effect of reducing concentrations of formaldehyde was notably efficient.

This study was conducted to investigate the pH, soluble solid contents, color difference, mineral contents, free sugar contents, and sensory quality of infrared- and cold-air-dried peaches. The pH, soluble solid contents, and free sugar contents of the infrared-dried peaches were higher than those of the cold-air-dried peaches. In the Hunter’s color value, the L and ΔE values of the infrared-dried peaches were higher than those of the cold-air-dried peaches; but the a and b values of the cold-air-dried peaches were higher than those of the infrared-dried peaches. The major organic acids of the dried peaches were citric acid, malic acid, and oxalic acid. The minerals with the highest to lowest contents, in that order, were K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Al. The mineral contents of the cold-air-dried peaches were higher than those of the infrared-dried peaches. The appearance and taste of the infrared-dried peaches were better than those of the cold-air-dried peaches. These results indicate that infrared drying is the effective drying method for the production of high-quality dried peaches.

The elevator is needed healthy and comfortable indoor air quality (IAQ) for using many people, but we found nothing about IAQ studies of an elevator. In general, air in the elevator car is sucked from the elevator’s hoistway straight into the car using a fan. The air sucked into the hoistway may be filled with dust, mold and bacteria. This study was performed to measure of characteristics of indoor air quality (PM10, falling bacteria, CO2, Rn and HCHO) in elevator`s hoistway, CAR and lobby of 8 sites (4 apartments and 4 commercial buildings) in Gyeongnam from May, 2010 to January, 2011. With regards to the differences of pollutant distribution among hoistway, CAR, and lobby, the concentration of Rn and HCHO were the highest in hoistway followed by CAR and lobby, and PM10, falling bacteria and CO2 were the highest in CAR followed by hoistway and lobby. Mean concentrations of PM10 were 104.9 μg/m3 in CAR, 92.3 μg/m3 in hoistway and 68.2 μg/m3 in lobby, respectively.

The Government had devised legislation of Special Act and drew up guidelines for improving air quality in Seoul Metropolitan area. In 2007 local government of Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi conducted the results of application policy by reduced air pollutants emission for the first time. Although there was reduction of air pollutant emission in each local government, it was ineffective as expected using air pollution monitoring database. Therefore we worked out a way to prepare modeling input data using the results of enforcement plan. And we simulated surface NO_2 and PM10 before and after decrease in air pollutants emission and examine reduction effects of air pollution according to enforcement regulation except other influence, by using MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ system. Each local government calculated the amount of emission reduction under application policy, and we developed to prepare input data so as to apply to SMOKE system using emission reduction of enforcement plan. Distribution factor of emission reduction were classified into detailed source and fuel codes using code mapping method in order to allocate the decreased emission. The code mapping method also included a way to allocate spatial distribution by CAPSS distribution. According to predicted result using the reduction of NOx emission, NO_2 concentration was decreased from 19.1 ppb to 18.0 ppb in Seoul. In Gyeonggi and Incheon NO_2 concentrations were down to 0.65 ppb and 0.68 ppb after application of enforcement plan. PM10 concentration was reduced from 18.2 ㎍/㎥ to 17.5 ㎍/㎥ in Seoul. In Gyeonggi PM10 concentration was down to 0.51 ㎍/㎥ and in Incheon PM10 concentration was decreased about 0.47 ㎍/㎥ which was the lower concentration than any other cities.

Air quality monitoring networks are very important facilities to manage urban air pollution control and to set up an environmental policy. Since air quality monitoring network of Daegu was allocated from 1980s to mid-90s, there is need to reevaluate it and relocated its site. This study was evaluated the position of Daegu air quality monitoring station by unit environmental sensitivity index, grid emission rate, CAI (Comprehensive Air-quality Index) point. The investigation domain covered an area of 16 × 24 km centered at the metropolitan area of Daegu with grid spacing of 2 km. The location of alternative air quality monitoring networks was selected through optimization and quintiles analysis of total score. The result showed that all things considered, new air quality monitoring network need to install grid numbers 10, 28, 36, 37, 46. We also recommand three scenarios of alternative air quality monitoring network when considering unit environmental sensitivity index, emission rate and CAI point.

Perceived air quality (PAQ) is defined as evaluation of indoor air satisfaction and comfortable sensory by occupants. However, there are differences between criteria of indoor pollutants and lowest sensory thresholds. In this study, we compared indoor PAQ by questionnaire with measured benzene, toluene and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations in home indoors. The NO2 concentration was the highest in Seoul, while benzene and toluene were the highest in Asan. Average PAQ score in winter was higher than that in summer. Significant correlations between PAQs of home indoor air pollution and measured pollutant concentrations were not shown and correlation coefficients (r) ranged between -0.453<r<0.258. Several groups have been divided to analyze what may affect PAQ scores such as gender, city, home indoor smoking, passive smoking, and self-reported respiratory symptoms. Gender, city, and self-reported respiratory symptoms by indoor air quality were associated with high PAQ scores by using of logistic regression analysis. We are confirmed that no association between concentrations of home indoor pollutant and PAQ scores. Therefore we further need to develop new indicator indoor air pollutants, measurement, and evaluation by PAQ.

The urban microscale wind field around the air quality monitoring station was investigated in order to check how a building complex influences it. For this study as the high density areas Jwa-dong and Yeonsan-dong monitoring sites in Busan were chosen. As the direction of inflow which is perpendicular to the building of the monitoring station was expected to cause the considerable variation of the wind field, that direction was selected. The model Envi-met was used as the diagnostic numerical model for this study. It is suitable for this investigation because Envi-met has the microscale resolution. After simulating it, on the leeward side around a building complex the decrease of flow velocity and some of vortexes or circulation area were discovered. In addition, on the edge of the top at the building and at the back of the building the upward flow was developed. If the sampling hole of monitoring site were located in this upward flow, it would be under the influence of upward flow from the near street.