This study evaluated the fungicidal efficacy of weakly acidic hypochlorous acid water (WAHW) against Microsporum canis (M. canis) and its therapeutic effect on M. canis-infected mouse skin. WAHW was produced by a WAHW generation module. A fungicidal efficacy test by the broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective concentration of the WAHW. The lowest effective concentration of WAHW was less than 10 ppm. For T-1, T-2, and T-3, 30 ppm of WAHW was applied to the infected skin once, twice, and three times a day, respectively, and for T-4, 50 ppm of WAHW was applied once a day. On the 3rd day after the initiation of treatment, skin scores in all of the WAHW-treated groups were significantly decreased compared to those in the positive control group (PC) (p<0.05), and there were no significant differences compared to the normal control (NC). The area of the infected skin in all of the WAHW-treated groups was significantly decreased compared to PC from the first day after the initiation of WAHW treatment (p<0.05). The results showed that WAHW had a fungicidal efficacy on M. canis at less than 10 ppm, and it was effective in improving skin symptoms when 30 ppm of WAHW was applied to the M. canis-infected area once a day for five days or 50 ppm of WAHW was applied once a day.

아토피 피부염(Atopic dermatitis, AD)은 주로 5세 이전에 발병하여 심한 가려움을 동반하는 만성 염증성 피부질환이다. 본 연구의 목적은 NC/Nga 마우스를 AD 유사 증상에 대한 405 nm+ 850 nm LED 광선 치료의 효과를 조사하는 것이다. 마우스는 Normal (Vehicle), 아토피성 피부염 유발군 (CON), 405 nm+ 850 nm LED 광선 치료군 (LED)으로 나누어 난괴법을 이용하여 무작위 배치하여 실험을 진행 하였다. LED 실험군은 하루 10분씩 405 nm+ 850 nm 파장의 LED 치료를 7일 간 실시하였다. LED 광선 치료 연구는 Dermatics 점수의 개선을 측정하고 피부염으로 인한 표피조직 두께 감소를 관찰하였다. LED 광선 요법으로 인한 혈청 IL-1β의 현저한 감소와 경피 수분 손실 및 혈청 IgE 농도 결과를 바탕으로 LED 광선 치료는 아토피 유발 생쥐의 정상적인 피부 상태 회복에 도움을 주었다. 본 연구 결과는 아토피 피부염 마우스 모델에서 적외선 영역의 광선과 blue light 영역의 광선의 동시 조사치료가 아토피 피부염 치료에 뛰어난 효능을 가지며, 두 파장의 LED의 동시 사용 가능성에 대하여 시사하였다.

The leaves of Allium victorialis (AV) are known an edible perennial herb, which has been used in Korean traditional medicine. However, the beneficial pharmacological effects of AV extracts (AVE) on the antioxidant activity and atopic dermatitis (AD) have not been thoroughly examined. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate both antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effect of AVE on AD in vitro and in vivo. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by total polyphenol content and ferric reducing ability. AVE showed a level of polyphenol content and reducing power activity. The five-week-old BALB/c mice were used as an AD-like mouse model by treating them with 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB). Topical administration of AVE for 3 weeks to DNCB-treated mice significantly alleviated clinical skin lesion dermatitis severity and epidermal thickness. Histopathological analysis also demonstrated that AVE decreased eosinophil and mast cell infiltration into skin and ear tissue. These results suggest that topical application of AVE inhibits the development of AD-like skin lesion in mice by their antioxidant activity. Thus, AVE may be a potential therapeutic agent for AD.

본 연구는 육계사육에서 횃대의 제공효과와 최적 두께를 구명하기 위해 진행하였다. 12일령 육계(RossⅹRoss) 288수를 24개의 독립된 공간(7.3 수/m2)에 균등한 평균 체중으로 분배하여 42일령까지 사양실험을 실시하였다. 그룹은 일반 평사사육(대조구)과 3개의 횃대 처리구(두께: 3, 4 및 5 cm)인 총 4개로 구성하였으며, 각 그룹은 6반복과 반복당 12수씩으로 배치하였다. 각 반복 별로 횃대의 길이는 1.3 m (0.11 m/수)로서 높이 15 cm에 설치하였다. 조사항목으로 육계의 생산성, footpad dermatitis (FPD)과 hock burn (HB) 지표 및 횃대이용성을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과, 육계사육에서 횃대의 유무와 두께에 따른 체중, 증체량, 사료섭취량 및 사료요구율은 통계적 차이가 없었다. FPD는 처리구 간 유의적 차이가 없었으나, HB 지표는 4와 5 cm의 횃대를 제공한 처리구에서 일반 평사와 3 cm 두께의 횃대에서 사육한 육계에 비해 개선되었다(p<0.05). 육계가 횃대를 이용한 시간은 사육전기(12~24일령)에는 차이가 없었으나, 사육후기(25~42일령)에 횃대를 이용한 총 시간은 5 cm 두께에서 3과 4 cm 두께보다 높았으며(p<0.05), 올라간 횟수에 비해서도 더 많은 시간을 보냈다(p<0.05). 그러므로 횃대는 육계의 다리질병을 줄이며, 4~5 cm의 두께를 이용하는 것이 가장 적합할 것으로 사료된다.

An 8-year-old, spayed female Maltese dog was presented with a one-month history of erythema, swelling and alopecia of periocular region with pruritus. The skin lesions were first detected at the age of three years, but this was the first time that symptoms had appeared in the eyes. Physical examination revealed markedly swollen and erythematous eyelids and conjunctiva including Meibomian glands. In addition, periocular alopecia and tears were identified. Slit lamp microscopy revealed erythema of conjunctiva and swelling of Meibomian glands. The Schirmer’s tear test was normal. Impression smear cytology of eyes revealed sterile neutrophils and corneal epithelial cells. There were no virus or bacterial infections in the eyes. On skin examination, generalized erythema was detected but there were no other skin lesions. A case of allergic blepharoconjunctivitis associated with canine atopic dermatitis was diagnosed based on history taking and skin examination. Treatment included cetirizine, cyclosporine, prednisolone and Forus eye drops®. The owner was instructed to wear an Elizabethan collar around his dog's neck at all times and restrict walking. And the diet was changed to hypoallergenic dog food. Medications and environmental restrictions significantly reduced erythema, edema and swelling of meibomian glands. Pruritus was also decreased. Six weeks later, the edema lesions of eyes disappeared.

본 연구는 PFEG(글루코실세라마이드 4.0% 함유)가 저미네랄 특수사료(HR-AD)를 섭취시킨 헤어리스 마우스에서 발생하는 피부장벽 붕괴에 대한 억제작용이 있는지를 확인하고자 하였다. 4주간의 투여를 통해 정상군(Rabo MR Stock)과 비교하여 대조군(HR-AD)에서는 경피 수분 손실량(TEWL)이 서서히 상승하여 피부장벽기능의 붕괴가 발생함과 동시에 표피 수분량 및 각층 수분량도 서서히 저하되는 것이 확인되었다. 육안적으로는 깊은 주름 형성이 확인되었으며 조직학적 소견에서는 표피의 비후와 각화 항진이 확인되었다. 그러나 PFEG를 섭취시킨 시험군에서는 대조군에서 유발되는 피부장벽기능 붕괴에 대한 억제 효과가 확인되었다. 즉, 글루코실세라마이드 0.01% 배합군 및 0.1% 배합군에서는 섭취 시작 2주일째 이후 야기되는 TEWL 상승을 완전히 억제하였다. 또한, 저하되는 표피 수분량, 각층 수분량에 대해서도 유의하게 억제하여 피부 보습 기능을 유지하고 있었다. 육안적으로도 깊은 주름 형성은 억제되었으며, 조직학적인 검토에서도 표피의 비후나 각화 항진은 확인되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 HR- 1 마우스의 피부 세라마이드 생산 개선에 기인한 결과라고 예상된다. 즉, HR-AD 섭취에 의해 HR-1 마우스는 세라마이드를 포함한 피부 지질의 함량 및 구성에 이상이 생기고, 피부 수분량이 급격히 줄어들어 피부 보습 능력이 저하된다. 그런데 PFEG의 혼합 투여는 손상된 피부의 세라마이드 함량 및 구성을 정상과 가깝게 만들어, 대조군에서 나타나는 증상의 발현을 억제하는 것으로 판단된다. 이상의 결과로부터 PFEG의 섭취는 피부장벽기능의 손상으로 발생하는 다양한 피부 수분 손실을 억제함으로써 피부 보습 개선에 우수한 효능이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 PFEG가 피부 보습에 도움을 주는 건강기능성 원료로서 이용 가능성이 높음을 확인할 수 있다.

목적 : 40세 이상 한국 성인에서 녹내장과 따른 아토피피부염의 위험요인을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 국민건강영양조사 제7기(2017년) 조사대상자의 건강 설문조사와 안과 검진을 받은 40세 이상을 대상으로 녹내장 검사를 받고 성별과 연령, 체질량지수, 사회학적 요인인 월평균 가구소득, 교육, 월간음주율, 현재흡연율을 보정하였고, 통계는 SPSS 18.0을 이용하여 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였으며 유의수준은 0.050미만으로 하였다. 결과 : 40세 이상 녹내장 유병률은 3.46%였다. 녹내장에 대해서 나이(OR=1.03 p=0.007)와, 성별(OR=0.52 로, p=0.009) 및 아토피피부염(OR=3.43, p=0.023)은 유의하게 나타났다. 결론 : 녹내장과 아토피피부염과의 관계에서 사회학적인 요인을 보정한 후 통계적으로 나이와 성별 및 아토피 피부염은 유의미한 결과를 확인하였다.

Probiotics improve the immune system. However, the effects of its lactic acid bacteria on atopic dermatitis relief and inflammation improvement is not fully understood. Recently, one of the probiotics, Lactobacillus helveticus HY7801 (HY7801), was found to have an anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we investigated the effects of HY7801 on atopic dermatitis-induced animal models. After four weeks of oral administration, the group treated with HY7801 showed amelioration of the atopic dermatitis compared to the group receiving placebo. In the HY7801 treated group, the epidermal hyper-proliferation and collagen deposition were inhibited compared to the placebo group, and the secretion amount of the inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-4 were reduced. In conclusion, these results suggest that HY7801 acts as a functional probiotic via amelioration of the atopic dermatitis such as a decrease of epidermal hyper-proliferation, and collagen deposition and anti-inflammatory effects.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) usually develops in patients with an individual or family history of allergic diseases, and is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation seen specially in childhood, association with IgE hyperproduction and precipitation by environmental factors. and wished to examine closely effect that Polygonum multiflorum isolated PM-E and PM-70M orally adminstration used to atopy dermatitis disease patient get in atopy eruption control experimentally. Atopic dermatitis is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Animal models induced by relevant allergens play a very important role in the elucidation of the disease. This study was investigated the anti-allergic effect of PM-E and PM-70M on BMAC induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. We summerized as the follow. PM-E and PM-70M significantly reduced the skin number of total cell number, CD4+ and CD11b+/Gr-1 cell compared with positive control and decreased the invasion of CD4+ cell in dorsal skin tissue compared with positive control group by using immunohistochemical staining and chemokine such as eotaxin and CCR3 compared with positive control group. PM-E and PM-70M markedly suppressed invasion and edema of leukocytes and mast cell in dorsal skin. Taken together, these findings suggested that PM-E and PM-70M has an anti-allergic activity and this might be useful for the clinical application to treat allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis.

The occurrence of allergic disease has increased harmfully in the last few decades. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic inflammation disorder characterized by itchy, red, swollen, cracked skin. Although the pathogenesis of AD is not fully understood, it is assumed that deregulation of T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2) immune responses, a predominance of allergen-specific IgE, and interrupted epidermal barrier function are keys to the pathogenic mechanism. Activated T helper 2 (Th2) immune function is hallmark of various allergic diseases. Oxidative stress implicated in cutaneous damage in various inflammatory skin diseases. We investigated the effect of fermented soybean (SCGB1) on the improvement of AD. Soybean fermentation was carried out using B. amyloliquefaciense SCGB1 (KCCM11964P), which is known to produce of natural antibiotics. And then, we experiment of SCGB1 and soybean powder (NC) in DNCB-induced AD model. Mice were respectively oral administration of variety dose for 14 days. As a results, it was confirmed that serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) expression was dose-dependently decreased in SCGB1 and NC compared to negative control, and it was reduced the skin pruritus inducing factor that Interleukin-31 (IL-31) mRNA level. In addition, the inflammatory cells were infiltration in skin for histological analysis. As a result, it reduced that epidermal hyperplasia, cancellation and aveolarization compared to negative control. These results suggest that SCGB1 may be effective for prevention and treatment of AD.

Exposure to the indoor air pollutants could be associated with the risk of developing atopic dermatitis, including allergic symptoms and exacerbations. A total of Fifty homes who had a past or current symptoms of atopic dermatitis were enrolled in the study. To rate the levels of environmental factor, we measured concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, Heavy metals XRF (X-Ray Fluorescene), Bacteria (CFU/m3), mold (CFU/m3) in dust of the children’s houses. The prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children is increasing especially in Urban areas. Exposure to levels of indoor environmental factor and air pollutants has been related to atopic dermatitis development. The house dust were higher for the results of atopy, asthma patients analyzed fungi and bacteria, resulting XRF measurements Cr (chromium), As (arsenic), Br (bromine), Cd (cadmium), Hg (mercury), Pb (lead) etc. this has a significant relationship. Recent studies have shown that indoor air pollutants control is beneficial in reducing atopic dermatitis prevalence and development. Urban areas children are exposed to kinds of indoor environmental factor and air pollutants that may lead to atopic dermatitis development.

본 연구에서는 카모마일, 라벤더, 샌달우드를 혼합한 아로마 혼합오일(CLS)과 면역억제제(FK506)의 아토피 피부 염 치료효과를 알아보기 위하여 혈청 중 IgE(Immunoglobulin E)와 IgG1(Immunoglobulin G1)의 수준의 감소효과, 피부 임상지수를 이용한 육안평가 등을 실시하였다. 그 결과 IgE 수준을 낮추는데는 CLS가 더 효과적이었고, IgG1 수준을 감소시키는 데에는 FK506이 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 육안평가 결과를 통하여 아토피 피부염을 가진 마우스에 FK506과 CLS를 도포한 후 2주까지는 아토피 증상을 더 악화시켰으며 4주후부터는 증상완화가 현저하게 나타남을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 FK506의 효과가 두드러졌는데 이는 IgG1 수준감소와 관련이 있는 것으로 사료되 며 이와 관련하여 보다 심도있는 실험 조사가 필요하겠다. 이상의 결과로부터 카모마일 저먼, 라벤더, 샌달우드의 아로마 혼합오일이 아토피 피부염의 개선에 효능이 있음이 인정되었고 이와 같이 장기간 피부에 도포하여 치료하는 경우 CLS가 아토피 치료의 한 방법으로서 가능성이 보임을 확인하였음에 본 연구의 의의가 있다.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells, which can be induced to differentiate into several cells. MSCs are also reported to possess immunomodulatory properties through secretion of inflammatory cytokines and generation of regulatory T (Treg) cells. Treg cells play an important role in allergic disorders, including atopic dermatitis. We examined the immunomodulatory effects of canine adipose tissue derived-MSCs (cAD-MSCs) in 3 groups: Group 1, untreated normal dog; Group 2, dogs with Dermatophagoides farinae ointment-induced atopic dermatitis; and Group 3, dogs with atopic dermatitis. Canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from each group and co-cultured with cAD-MSCs. After co-culturing, PBMCs were separated and the expression of Treg cells was examined by flow cytometry. According to the results, the populations of Treg cells were increased in 3 ex vivo experimental groups, co-cultured with cAD-MSCs. These results would be important for the application of MSCs in clinical trials.

The effects of extracts from Lentinula edodes (L. edodes) and Aquilariae agallocha (A. agallocha) on the DNA damage response in ultraviolet A (UVA)-exposed HaCaT cells and on the allergic contact dermatitis caused by 2,4-dinitro-chlorobezene (DNCB) were investigated. When UVA-exposed cells were incubated for 24 hours in medium containing L. edodes or A. agallocha extract, the level of 8-OHdG and CPD decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. The combined treatment with both extracts potentiated the decrease in UVA-induced 8-OHdG and CPD levels as compared with those following treatment with a single extract. In addition, the two extracts showed preventive effects against the UVA-induced reduction in collagen levels. Furthermore, the blood levels of IgE, IL-6, and histamine decreased more significantly upon combined treatment with L. edodes and A. agallocha extracts as compared with those following treatment with single extracts in DNCB-induced allergic contact dermatitis in the ICR mouse. The results of the present study suggest that the components with in the extracts of L. edodes and A. agallocha can help to prevent of UVA-induced genomic instability via a decrease in DNA damage, and to decrease the DNCB-induced allergic dermatitis via modulation of relevant proteins including IgE and IL-6. Further study is needed to clarify the purified components related to the preventative effects of the two extracts against UVA- or DNCB-induced genomic damage.

The intradermal test (IDT) has been developed for confirming diagnosis of canine atopic dermatitis (CAD). Prior to performing IDT, rapid immunoassay (Allercept E-screen 2nd generation; ES2G) can detect allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in canine serum. The objective of this study was to evaluate agreement between IDT and immunoassay in diagnosis of CAD in domestic atopic dogs. Forty dogs were diagnosed with CAD in accordance with Favrot’s criteria. Intradermal testing was performed using 39 selected allergens. ES2G detected IgE antibodies specific for three allergen groups, including indoor allergens, grasses and weeds, and trees. Among 19 dogs diagnosed by IDT, the highest positivity was observed in house dust mites, followed by molds, epidermis and inhalants, house dust, and weeds. A total of 28 atopic dogs were evaluated by rapid ES2G immunoassay. Indoor allergens showed the strongest positive reaction, followed by grasses/weeds and trees. IDT and ES2G were performed concurrently in 17 dogs. The results of ES2G showed slight agreement with those of IDT. Level of agreement was highest for indoor allergens, which showed a predictive positive value of 100% in ES2G. These results indicate that a rapid immunoassay may be valuable for predicting the results of IDT in atopic dogs sensitized to indoor allergens.

Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is an allergic skin disease with characteristic clinical features associated with immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. Identification of the causative allergens is the diagnostic goal, which is essential to treat and manage CAD patients. CAD is commonly associated with environmental allergens surrounding the patients. For this reason, it is important for diagnostic tests to select allergens that are related to the environment of each country and each province. There are two main allergen-specific tests, serological IgE test (SAT) and intradermal skin test (IDT). SAT did not show direct cutaneous reaction but did show serological reaction against allergens. However, SAT is simpler and more convenient than IDT in small animal practice. In this study, we selected domestically prevalent allergens for SAT, including 60 food allergens and 60 inhalant allergens, and tested eight dogs tentatively diagnosed with CAD based on Favrot’s criteria. Furthermore, IDT was performed on four dogs from the SAT group for comparison of SAT and IDT, and the results were very similar. In SAT, four types of mites (Bloomia tropicalis, Glycophagus domesticus, Euroglyphus maynei, and mite mixture 1 Korea; house dust mites), four types of molds (Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria alternata, mold fungi mixture 11, mold fungi mixture), and one type of pollen (tree pollen mix 3 Korea) induced a reaction in more than half of dogs tested. In IDT, all four dogs reacted positively to Dermatophagoides farinae, and three reacted positively to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and house dust. The mean agreement rate between SAT and IDT in this study was 76.3%. This is the first trial to apply local allergens for SAT in Korean veterinary medicine, and it might play an important role for diagnoses and management of animal allergic diseases.

Allergic disorders are exaggerated immune responses to foreign antigens, regardless of the mechanism, while atopic disorders are exaggerated IgE-mediated immune responses (type I hypersensitivity). Allergic dermatitis is a common pathological condition of skin in humans and dogs. Canine allergic dermatitis presents with clinical signs similar to those reported in humans, and its causes are complex; therefore, diagnostic tests and treatments may need to be adjusted for each patient. Dogs with allergic dermatitis can suffer from secondary infections, which must be considered and confirmed or excluded for successful treatment. In this report, 35 cases of canine allergic dermatitis diagnosed using variable methods, including histological and cytological examination, are described. Patients were treated with oral or topical medications (antimicrobials, anti-inflammatories, immune modulators, topical ointments, and medicated shampoos), and their diets and environmental surroundings were also modified. This report provides an analysis of the breed, gender, age of onset, clinical signs, diagnostic methods, and treatments for canine allergic dermatitis. The information on canine allergic dermatitis presented here could be helpful in the study of human cases because these two species often share living spaces, environments, and lifestyles more closely than other animals. However, previous reports have suggested that human and canine allergies differ in some features, such as involvement of histamine in induction of pruritus, and in histopathological characteristics such as cutaneous structures.

아토피성 피부염은 만성 재발성 염증성 피부질환으로 피부장벽기능의 이상과 환경유발인자에 대한 피부과민성과 연관되어 있다. 이전의 연구에서는 아토피성피부염에 효과적인 약용식물 추출물을 발굴하기 위하여 노회, 자회지정, 석류, 석곡 추출물들의 세포독성, 항산화, 항염, 항알레르기 효과를 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 지질다당류로 활성화시킨 대식세포 RAW26.7 에 대한 약용식물 추출물들의 항염작용을 보다 상세하게 검토하여 항염작용의 근본적인 분자기전을 확인하고자 하였다. 역전사중합효소연쇄반응분석(reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis) 결과, 석류, 석곡, 노회는 염증성 사이토카인인 IL-6 와 IL-1β 유전자발현을 현저하게 억제시켰으며 자화지정은 영향이 없었다. 형질주입과 발광효소분석(transfection and luciferase analysis) 결과, 약용식물 모두가 전사 핵인자 카파비(NF-kB)의 활성화를 억제시켰다. 웨스턴 블럿 분석(western blot analysis) 결과, 노회는 JNK MAP 인산화효소의 활성화를 차단하였지만 p38 MAP 인산화효소의 활성화는 차단하지 못하였다. 반면에 자화지정, 석류, 석곡은 JNK MAP 인산화효소뿐만 아니라 p38 MAP 인산화효소의 활성화도 차단하였다. 이들 실험결과들은 노회, 자화지정, 석류, 석곡은 항염효능을 가지고 있으며 따라서 아토피성 피부염의 증상을 경감 또는 완화시키는 잠재력이 있음을 보여 준다.