The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating patterns, nutrient intakes, blood levels, and health status of male college students in Seoul according to body mass index (BMI). In this study, we classified subjects into normal weight (n=240), under weight (n=11), and obese (n=46) groups according to BMI. The weight and BMI were significantly higher in the obese group compared to other groups (p<0.0001). The obesity was associated with overeating and frequent eating. The under weight group showed significantly higher consumption of fast food, snacks, and fried foods compared to the other groups (p<0.05). The intakes of milk, meat, fish, eggs, and fried food and preference ratios were higher in the obese group (p<0.05). The male college students in this study showed insufficient intakes of calories, vitamin C, folic acid, and calcium. The plasma LDL-cholesterol levels in the obese group were higher compared to the other groups. In conclusion, intake of nutrients among male college students is found to be insufficient and requires nutritional education. The under weight group showed regular eating habits and increased nutrient intake. The obese group was shown to need more exercise with higher intakes of vegetables and fruits.

The purpose of this study was to compare the anthropometry, serum lipid levels, dietary behavior and health-related behaviors of shipbuilding workers. The education level was significantly higher in office workers than laborers, while age, monthly income and working years were not significantly different between both groups. The serum triglyceride, glucose concentration and AI were significantly higher in office workers than in laborers, but the serum LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in laborers than in office workers. The frequency of breakfast and coffee intake was significantly higher in office workers than in laborers. In the office workers, age was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure but was negatively correlated with hemoglobin and hematocrit concentration In the laborers, working year was negatively correlated with hemoglobin, total cholesterol and serum LDL cholesterol concentrations. Exercise was negatively correlated with total cholesterol concentration, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol concentration and AI in the office workers. The results of this study showed that office workers are more prone to related chronic degenerative diseases. Therefore, nutritional education for the provention of chronic degenerative diseases of shipbuilding workers needs to be more focused on improving the health status of office workers.

This study focused on the yearly-dietary habits, nutrition status, and health of female students residing in Seoul. A number of classes were assess based on their dietary behaviors in oder to attempt to determine differences in their attitudes to nutrition, according to age. The students of class 2011 (sophomore) ate meals more regularly than the female students of the 2008 class (p<0.05). It was found that sophomore female students of class 2008 consumed higher than average nutrient intake. Sophomore female students of the 2011 class consumed lower than average vitamin B₂, C, Ca, and Fe intakes. Folic acid in take was lower than average in both groups. Phosphorus and sodium intakes in both groups were excessive (p<0.05). When surveyed, sophomore female students of the 2008 class believed that the most important thing for health was exercise, whereas students of class 2011 believed that nutrient intake was the most important factor (p<0.05). Female students of the 2008 class exercised 1～2 times a week generally, whereas students of class 2011 exercised three times (43.2%) (p<0.05). Therefore, it is necessary to study changes in dietary habits and health status according to the age of students, and develop specific nutrition education programs for female students.

Proper skin care promotes good metabolism and the biological activity of skin, helps maintain the skin in a healthy and beautiful state when combined with nutritional nourishment. Health functional foods are being used for the purpose of enhancing efficient skin care. Health functional foods related to skin care maintain the epidermis, dermal fibroblast layer and subcutaneous tissue that form the skin. Efficient functional foods alleviate the signs of endogenous aging that come with getting older and exogenous aging caused by sunlight. Even though the field of skin care related to health functional foods has received less attention and been the subject of less research compared to functional cosmetics which are developing widely, this area of skin care that maintains and improves the layer of dermal fibroblast through the intake of food, is expected to progress with the commercialization of products in many fields when the related technical research development is galvanized and the related patents are applied for. Research into health functional foods related to skin care in Korea started rather late in comparison to other advanced countries where patents for relevant techniques have been applied for since 1990's together with research conducted on how they might be used for practical purposes. This study used the key words ‘skin care, health functional food’ to search for Korean patents that have been applied for at the Korean Intellectual Property Office from 1983 to 2011 using the KIPRIS database, in order to help researchers in the related fields by organizing the patented formulas for health functional foods for skin care which have gained attention recently. According to the number of registrations in each industry field, the total number of patents was 1, 120 we screened the major patents among them, the field with the largest number was food foodstuff non-alcoholic beverage and preparation or treatment(A23L) with 135, then natural plant medicine & medical supplies and cosmetics(A61K) with 112, microorganisms or enzymes(C12N) with 63, heterocyclic compounds(C07D) with 44, horticulture or cultivation of sea weeds, forestry(A01G) 16 times, listed from the highest to the lowest number of applications. It has been revealed that food, foodstuff, non-alcoholic beverage and preparation or treatment(A23L) was the industry field where the most patents for health functional foods related to skin care were registered.

본 연구는 국내 정신보건 서비스 실태와 제도를 조사하여 문제점을 파악하고 외국의 사례와 비교하여 개선방안을 모색하기 위해 시행되었다. 우리나라의 정신보건법은 정신질환의 예방과 정신질환자의 의료 및 사회복귀에 관하여 필요한 사항을 규정함으로써 국민의 정신건강증진에 이바지함을 목적으로 1995년 제정되었다. 이후 3차례의 개정을 거쳐 최근 정신질환자의 인권보호강화 및 작업요법에 대한 근거 신설(제46조의 2) 등을 주요내용으로 일부 개정되어‘작업요법’이 재활서비스의 중요한 부분으로 명기 되었다. 그러나 국가인권위원회가 2008년 10월부터 12월까지 국∙공립병원 3개소와 민간병원 4개소를 대상으로 정신보건시설 방문조사 결과 작업치료부재 또는 종류 부족, 작업 치료 계획과 평가, 작업치료일지 작성 미흡, 작업치료의 명목의 화장실∙병동 간호사실 청소 및 중증환자 간병 등의 인권 침해사례가 보고 된 바 있다. 이에 대한 근본적인 원인은 부적합한 용어(작업요법)의 사용으로 상위법(정신보건법)과 하위법(시행규칙) 간의 모순을 초래하여 작업치료서비스가 작업치료사가 아닌 비전문가에 의해 제공되고 있는데 기인한다. 따라서 정신보건법 개정 기본 취지인 정신질환자의 인권을 보호하고 양질의 정신보건서비스 제공을 보장하여 정신보건시설 내의 작업치료에 대한 신뢰를 회복하기 위해서는 제도 개선이 시급하다. 즉 정신보건법에 작업치료의 정의와 작업치료사의 업무범위를 명시하고 작업치료사가 정신과 필수인력으로서 종사할 수 있도록 관련 법률개정이 이루어져야 한다. 우선적으로 이러한 제도적 보완이 이루어 질 때 그에 따른 정신과 작업치료사의 전문성 확립도 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

Ramyen and Korean noodles (guksu) are popular foods in Korea and around the world. Since 1998, rice consumption in Korea has gradually decreased, whereas consumption of noodles has continuously increased. The purpose of this study is to assess the consumption of ramyen and Korean noodles of Koreans, using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) of 2007. Korean adults (>20) were selected to examine the associations between noodle consumption and food and nutrient intake and health status. SAS 9.1 and SUDAAN 9.1 were used for the data analysis. 10.3% of Korean adults consumed ramyen, and 15.4% consumed Korean noodles. The consumption of ramyen and Korean noodles were higher in men than in women, in lunch than in other meals, and in the lowest income quartile than the highest quartile. Ramyen and Korean noodle consumer groups consumed more grain products, seasonings, and oils than the nonconsumer group. The noodle group showed significantly lower systolic blood pressure than the non-consumer group. The noodle groups showed lower rates of hypertension and metabolic syndrome than the non-consumer group. From these results, we conclude that ramyen and Korean noodles may have positive health effects. More studies on the association between noodles and the health of Koreans and those in other countries should be done in the future.

The purpose of this study was to investigate perceived health status, activities of daily living and depression of the elderly in nursing facil˗ ities and to identify correlations among them. The collected data is to improve healthy life for the aged people in communities. This study was performed by using of questionnaire which was consisted of perceived health status, activity of daily living(ADL) and depression. The survey was conducted by 180 aged people at nursing homes. The results of perceived health status show that 64.9% of elderly feel very bad or bad, 61.6% of elderly have a degree of independent level of activity of daily living(ADL) and 48.6% of elderly have a degree of depression. There were statically revealed meaningful correlation between ability of activity of daily living(ADL) and perceived health status, ability of activity of daily living(ADL) and depression. This study about connection among perceived health status, activity of daily living(ADL) and depression is necessary for number of the affil˗ iation function of elderly at nursing homes and development of inter˗ vention programs concerned about depression are necessary.

The purpose of this study was to determine the basic materials needed for nutrition and health programs for aged people. In order to set up these programs, the nutritional habit, nutritional knowledge and functional health status (mobility, functional assessment, and falls efficacy) of the aged were measured, and their relationships were determined. Data was collected on 57 aged individuals that participated in the 'Exercise Program for the Aged' conducted by the National Health Insurance Corporation. These 57 subjects were interviewed and tested by direct measurement prior to conducting the program. The data was analyzed using the SPSS 13.0 Package. According to the results, the nutritional habit ranged from 24-50 out of 50, and the average was 37.2, which was above the middle level. The average nutritional knowledge was of 4.02 out of 5, which was considered reasonably high. Especially, more than half of these subjects were uneducated, but they had a high interest in nutrition. The average mobility was determined to be 9.2 seconds and the falls efficacy was 64.2 out of 100. In addition, subjects answered that they had a fear of falling due to low confidence, which indicates that safety education for the prevention of falls should be provided to aged individuals in the future. The results showed that notable counter-relations between nutritional habit and functional health status existed.

From 1997 to 2007, in order to fight for its so-called “international room,”Taiwan continuously endeavored to try and squeeze into the Word Health Organization (Hereinafter referred to as the “WHO”). However, the outcome has always been disappointing for Taiwan due to the diplomatic endeavor of the People’s Republic of China. In 2007, the fight especially attracted the world’s attention because Taiwan bid for membership to the WHO instead of observer status for which it had previously been bidding. In fact, Taiwan’s request for WHO membership had a big impression on the world and the reason why Taiwan has had a great interest in the WHO is not to engage in meaningful participation within the WHO, as propagandized by Taiwanese authorities, but to eventually acquire recognition as an independent state.1 Although Taiwan has failed to achieve its goals for 11 years, accession to membership of the WHO has been, and still will be, a political goal pursued by Taiwanese authorities. The question is whether this goal can be backed from a legal perspective. It is submitted that the answer is“ No.”

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects that body composition, nutrient intake, and biochemical indices have on skin status, as well as their associations with skin health status, by assessing 44 female university students. The subjects were classified into 3 groups according to skin sensitivity: sensitive skin (n=11), slightly sensitive skin (n=24), and normal skin (n=9). The study included anthropometric measurements and body composition analyses, dietary intake evaluations, blood chemical analyses, and skin health status assessments. Based on % body fat, the results indicated the subjects were moderately obese (29.6%). Obesity indices were not different among the groups, but the sensitive skin group tended to have higher skinfold thickness. Dry skin was determined as the skin type of all subjects. In the sensitive skin groups, U-zone and T-zone sebum were significantly lower (p〈0.05), and spots were significantly higher (p〈0.05) than in the normal skin group. In terms of nutrient intakes, the sensitive skin groups consumed significantly lower amounts of P and vitamins A and E (p〈0.05). There were no significant differences in serum lipid fractions or total antioxidant status among the groups. In correlation coefficients analysis, skin elasticity had significant negative correlations with subscapular and midaxillary skinfold thickness, body protein, and body minerals (p〈0.05). Wrinkling had positive correlations with triceps and thigh skinfold thickness (p〈0.05). Skin evenness had negative correlations with energy intake, vitamins A, B1, B2, C, E, niacin, and zinc (p〈0.05), as well as folate and P (p〈0.01) and vitamin B6 (p〈0.001). A similar correlation tendency was observed for spots and nutrient intake, showing negative correlations with vitamins A, B6, and E, as well as folate, Fe, and P. U-zone sebum showed significant positive correlations with serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. From these findings, skin health status appears to be affected by both nutrient intake and body composition. Therefore, having a proper balance between dietary intake and body composition may influence skin health status in females with sensitive skin.

The objective of this study was to compare the healthy dining out attitude of restaurant diners by self-rated health status. Using healthy dining attitude and behavior questionnaire and a single question describing self-rated health status, the needs and importance of healthy dining out was detected. Mean age of the 182 respondents was 38.9±11.37 years old and 37.4% of the respondents answered their mean monthly income was over 6,000,000won showing the subjects belonged in high income diners. The needs of healthy dining measured by five scales and offering healthy menus(3.80), labeling foods about original country(3.79), using environmentally friendly foodstuffs(3.71) and labeling nutrients on menu board(3.62) show higher score than others. A total of 76.4% of the respondents assessed their health status as 'good-rated Health' and 23.6% was 'poor-rated health'. There was no difference in frequency of eating out by self-perception of health status but, the 'poor-rated health' group need more nutrition information in restaurant specially for calorie(p〈0.05), cholesterol(p〈0.05), fiber(p〈0.05), functional nutrients(p〈0.001) showing significant differences comparing to 'good-rated health' group. In good-rated health group, selection of Korean cuisine for eating out was more frequent than the poor. The results shows the needs of healthy dining can be varied by diner's health status and therefore restaurateur should focus on understanding of the needs of diners with various health status.

The study aims to examine whether regular leisure activity of the elderly with active and passive types has a beneficial effect to enhance their health condition. The elderly subjects of 164 (82 of elderly who do active leisure and 82 of elderly who do passive leisure) aged over 60 years in Suwon area were employed. Survey questionnaires were administered to investigate general characteristics, life style, and health status along with anthropometric measurement. From the findings, the elderly who do active leisure were highly educated and better in living status. The elderly who do passive leisure showed higher drinking and smoking rates as well as higher obesity and overweight rates in comparison to the other counterpart. Furthermore, the elderly who do passive leisure were poor in health status. 'Painful knee and eye', 'lower back pain', and 'fatigue' were the most prevalent among subjective symptoms of the elderly. In conclusion, the elderly with active leisure activity seemed to have better life style and maintain good health status. Therefore, it is critically important to establish the health program combined with various leisure activity for the seniors to promote and energize the later years of life.

선원들의 구강건강 유지 및 중진을 위해 구강건강실태를 조사 분석하기 위하여 한국해양수산연수원에서 안전교육을 이수하고 있는 선원들을 대상으로 한 조사에서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1일 잇솔질 횟수는 2회가 51.0%로 가장 많았고, 잇솔 방향은 섞어서가 39.0%로 가장 많았으며, 스켈링은 64.2%가 경험이 있었고 1일 간식 횟수는 2-3회가 62.6%로 가장 많았다. 구강건강 인식은 '건강하다' 25.9%, '약하다' 38.8%로 응답하였고, 영구치의 충치경험은 78.1%였으며, 현재 구강불편중상은 '이가 시리다' 가 25.6%로 가장 높았다. 연령별 구강불편중상은 40대 미만은 충치, 40대이상은 이가 시리다의 응답이 높았고 간식횟수가 많을수록 구강 질환이 많곤 충치 경험도 높게 나타났다. 이상의 조사 결과에서 선원들의 구강보건을 적절히 관리하려면 우선적으로 장애요인인 시간적, 경제적 제약의 해결이 우선되어야 하겠으며 선원들의 구강보건 교육을 기획 할 때는 실천성이 높은 교육계획이 되도록 노력해야 할 것이다.

This study was performed to investigate the health status of 600 owner-driver of taxi in Seoul City during from August 1, 2003 to February 28, 2004. The prevalence of subjective symptoms were surveyed by a general health questionnaires such as Todai Health Index (THI) and the Cornell Medical Index (CMI). In the THI health check table, prevalence of the complaints of mental subjective symptom by age was high in the items of fabrication (L), digestion (C), and aggressiveness (F) from 31 to 40 years old drivers and mental subjective symptom by age was high in all items except for tiredness (I), melancholia (N), and hypersensitivity (P) for the 60 years old drivers and showed in the items of melancholia (N) and hypersensitivity (P) for the 40 years old. From the complaints of mental and physical subjective symptoms about work satisfaction in the THI health check table, the strong dissatisfaction showed in the all items except for eye and skin trouble (B). All items except hypersensitivity (P) showed dissatisfaction in prevalence of complains of mental and physical subjective symptoms about work satisfaction in the CMI health check table. From the complains of mental and physical subjective symptoms on salary satisfaction in the THI health check table, the taxi driver who earn the salary of 1 million won showed statistically significant symptom of eye and skin trouble (B) and showed high tendency in all items except for respiratory (A) and digestion (C) systems. It is suggested that the appropriate health control for owner-driver of taxi should be applied to reduce the prevalence of complaints that showed mainly in the irregular working time and sleeping disorders.

The purpose of this study is to know the status of prevention on health obstacle in industries with confined space. Total 190 respondents, 95 safety or health managers and 95 confined space workers from 95 industries with confined space are surveyed by hygienists from April 2003, to July 2003. The contents of survey include health-work program in confined space, instrument of oxygen sampling, equipment of ventilation, safety and health education, watching manager, head count, awakening of risk, air condition and emergency training. The results are as follows: 1. It is found 38% of respondents established health-work program in confined space. The percentage of respondents with instrument of oxygen sampling and equipment of ventilation, operation of safety and health education, posting of watching man and operation of head count are 42%, 35%, 75%, 46% and 56%, respectively. 2. The percentage of awakening of risk, confirm of air condition and operation of emergency training are 36%, 25% and 15%, respectively.

Purpose of this study was to investigate the health status and life style of middle-aged people in Daejon. The subjects expressed more fear for disease as getting older(p<0.01). Sixty six percent of the subjects have suffered in the past or suffer at present certain kinds of disease. The older they are, the more disease they have. The alimentary disease, neuralgia, and arthritis were the most popular disease. The eye strain and exhaustion of body were indicated more frequently in fifties than in thirties or forties(p<0.01). They considered excercise as the most important factor to maintain health status, and then moderation in diet, relaxation, rest, decrease of alcohol intake, no smoking. Forty three percent of them were non-drinker. The number of drinker was four times more in male than female and increased as getting younger(p<0.01). Only male revealed smoker and 29% of them smoked 10-20 cigarettes per day. The number of smoker decreased as getting older(p<0.01). Male played exercise more regularly than female and subjects have better exercise habit as getting older(p<0.01). This study suggests that practical programs for self-health control should be developed for playing exercise regularly for female and for considering nutrition, no smoking, and no drinking in the daily life for male.

지난 10년간의 재해발새 현황을 분석해 보면 규모별로는 300인 미만 중·소규모 사업장에서 전체 재해자의 약 85%가 발생하였으며 특히 전체재해의 약 60% 정도가 50인미만의 소규모 사업장에서 발생하였다. 최근 국내의 가장 큰 경제위기 상황인 IMF 경제위기 이후 안전보건관리 기반이 취약해진 상황에서 최근의 경기회복으로 산업 가동률과 실질 근로 시간이 증가함으로써 산업재해 발생위험이 높아지고 있어 향후 1∼2년 간은 재해가 증가할 가능성이 크다. 그리고 현재 근로자 5인 이상 사업장에 대해서만 산업재해보상보헙법이 의무가입으로 되어있으나, 2000년 7월부터 5인 미만의 영세사업장에 대해서도 산재보험이 확대적용 됨으로써 산업안전보건 행정대상이 지금보다 사업장수는 10배, 근로자수는 50%이상 확대될 전망이다. 산재보험서비스가 5인 미만 사업장까지 확대되고 산업구조의 변화로 중·소규모 사업장 수가 증가될 것으로 전망되나, 중·소규모 사업장은 안전보건관리 능력이 부족해 재해자가 계속 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있으므로 산업재해 감소추세의 유지라는 전략목표의 달성 여부는 중소규모 사업장에 대한 안전보건관리에 달려 있다고 할 수 있다.

Although it is rapidly increasing the number of day-care centers in Korea, the quality of food and nutrition services is not improved sufficiently. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutrition and health status of children in day-care center. Menus for lunch of 253 centers were collected and the content of nutrients was analyzed. Nutrient intakes from lunch and snacks of 90 children were investigated using weighing method and those from breakfast and dinner by 24-hour recall method surrogated from their mothers. Anthropometric indices of height, weight, skinfold thickness, the ratio of fat were measured. The lunch menus for children contained 437.0±138.9 Kcal, 17.6±6.7gr protein, 153.9±87.7mg Ca, 3.63±1.6mg Fe, 164.5±158.2RE Vit A. and 4.46±3.04mg Vit B1. Energy, Ca and Fe supplied were below one third of RDAs. Mean daily calorie intake of children aged 3 years was 1303.0±474.0Kcal/day, 1322.3±442.4Kcal in aged four, 1307.0±545.9Kcal in aged five and 1497.1±93.5kcal in six year of age. Intake of iron, vitamin A and vitamin B1 were below RDAs.