대마[Cannabis sativa L.]는 오랫동안 섬유작물로 재배되었지만 종실의 기름 함량이 많고 불포 화지방산 비율이 높아 식용유 원료작물로 유망하다. 오랫동안 대마 종실유를 이용해온 유럽의 여러 나라에 서는 압출식으로 착유하는데, 이용 역사가 짧은 우리나라에서는 대마 종실유에 대한 정보 부족으로 소비자 기호도가 낮은 편이다. 본 연구는 압착식과 압출식으로 착유한 대마 종실유의 성분을 분석하여 소비자들에 게 올바른 정보를 제공하기 위해 수행하였다. 압출식 착유기로 착유하면 착유량이 압착식에 비해 많았다. 착유 부산물인 유박은 압출식에서는 으깨어져 얇고 납작하게 배출되지만, 압착식은 종실이 다소 납작해졌 으나 종실의 형상을 유지하였다. 압출식 착유 종실유는 압착식에 비해 Chlorophyll A, B 및 Carotenoid 함 량이 높아 명도(L)는 낮고 녹색과 황색은 진하였다. 지방산 조성에서 Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Oleic aicid, γ-Linolenic acid 비율은 압출식 착유 종실유가 압착식에 비해 다소 높았으나, Linoleic acid와 α -Linolenic acid는 낮았다. 대마 종실유는 총 토코페롤 함량이 많고 그 중 γ-Tocopherol 함량이 많은 것 이 특징이었는데 압출식 착유 종실유가 압착식에 비해 다소 적었다.

Brown rice, barley, and buckwheat contain a variety of functional ingredients, such as vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibers. Germination is an effective technique for improving the digestion and absorption of the constituents in grains. In addition, germination could modify the chemical properties of grains and increase the content of biologically active substances. Many studies have reported that the intake of grains or germinated grains could ameliorate blood glucose level, stimulate the immune system, lower blood pressure, and result in anti-obesity effect. Therefore, grains and germinated grains are being utilized in a variety of functional products. The present study reviews the primary components and bio-functionalities of grains (brown rice, barley, and buckwheat) and germinated grains (germinated brown rice). The development of grain products for promoting health functional properties is also discussed.

Twelve Lamiaceae plant essential oils (EOs) and their components were evaluated for their fumigant and contact toxicities. Inhibition of AChE by the major components of active EOs was also assessed. Strong fumigant toxicity was observed from EOs of Mentha piperita and Perilla frutescens. Menthone and menthol, and perilla aldehyde were identified as major components of the above two EOs, respectively. The LC50 (mg/L) values of M. piperita, P. frutescens, menthone, menthol and perilla aldehyde were 3.87, 2.44, 5.76, 1.88, and 0.99 against male, and 4.10, 3.31, 5.13, 1.94, and 1.15 against female, respectively. Strong contact toxicity was observed from the EOs of Satureja montana and Thymus zygis. Thymol and carvacrol were major components of these two EOs. The LD50 (μg/fly) values for contact toxicity of S. montana, T. zygis, thymol and carvacrol were 2.95, 2.93, 1.63, and 1.30 for male, and 4.59, 5.09, 2.68, and 2.60 for female, respectively. Among the five major components, perilla aldehyde showed most active inhibition activity against AChE of both sexes of SWD.

The food components of red sea bream(Pagrus major) cultured in copper alloy(brass) net(BN) and nylon net(NN) cages for nine months were investigated. The body weight was 234.9g at the beginning of the culture(the young fish), and then 692.1g(BN group) and 549.3g(NN group) at the fish cultured for nine months(the nine-month culture fish). The moisture content of the edible portion of the fish was higher in the young fish than in the nine-month culture fish. On the contrary, the lipid content was higher in the latter (9.1-10.6%) than in the former (7.6%).　 The lipid content in the nine-month culture fish was slightly higher in the BN group compared to the NN group. There was little difference in protein content between the young fish and the nine-month culture fish, or between the BN and NN groups. There was a slightly higher level of copper content in the liver (5ppm in the young fish and 5-6ppm in the nine-month culture fish) compared to the edible portions (1ppm in the young fish and 3-4ppm in the nine-month culture fish), but no difference was evident between the BN and NN groups. The prominent fatty acids were 16:0, 18:1n-9, 22:6n-3, 16:1n-7, 18:2n-6, 20:5n-3, and 18:0 in the edible portions of the young and cultured fish. The n-3 fatty acid content was slightly richer in the BN group.

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity and changes in major functional components of fermented Gastrodia elata Blume. Fermented G. elata Blume powder by Phellinus linteus repeated thrice (3rd FGP) showed more DPPH radical scavenging activity than a non-fermented G. elata Blume powder (NFGP), and once fermented G. elata Blume powder (1st FGP) at a concentration of 500 and 1,000 ppm. Free radical scavenging activity of 3rd FGP was similar to that of BHA at a dose of 1,000 ppm. Moreover, the ABTS radical scavenging activity of the 3rd FGP increased compared to NFGP and 1st FGP at a concentration of 31.25 ppm. Total polyphenols and flavonoid contents were increased as fermentation progressed. Ergothioneine content was increased more than 8 times in the 1st FGP, 3 times in the 3rd FGP, respectively than NFGP. In conclusion, this study indicated that the antioxidant activity and functional component contents of G. elata Blume were increased depending on the fermentation number.

Changes in major volatile odor components (VOC) and sensory properties of kimchi during ripening for 4 days were investigated, and major VOCs of the raw materials of kimchi were also analyzed. Seven of eight major VOCs of kimchi originated mainly from garlic, while one originated from ginger. During 4 days of kimchi ripening, the amount of ethanol, which was substantially higher than that of other VOCs, increased continuously but decreased slightly on the fourth day. The amount of diallyl disulfide decreased during ripening, while that of allyl mercaptan decreased on the first day and increased slightly thereafter. The amount of methyl allyl sulfide, diallyl sulfide, and methyl trisulfide increased continuously during ripening, while that of dimethyl disulfide and methyl propyl disulfide increased until the second day and decreased thereafter. Scores of overall acceptability, taste, and odor for kimchi ripened for 2 days were significantly higher than those of other samples (p<0.05). The correlation between scores of overall acceptability and the amount of dimethyl disulfide or methyl propyl disulfide was higher than that of other VOCs.

반복성 염기서열을 응용한 PCR법인 REP-PCR을 사용하여 식중독 미생물의 분리와 동정을 위한 연구에 적용하기 위하여 주요 식중독 유발세균 5속(genus), 6종의 균주를 사용하여 실험을 실시하였다. PCR 구성성분인 MgCl2, dNTPs, REP sequence primer, 주형 DNA의 농도를 최적화하기 위한 연구 결과, MgCl2의 농도가 2.0 mM과 2.5 mM일 때, 균주들의 fingerprinting pattern의 변화가 없거나 적은 것으로 관찰되어, 모든 속의 균주를 단일조건으로 분리?동정하기 위해서 MgCl2의 농도는 2.5 mM이 최적인 것으로 결론을 내렸다. dNTPs는 50 μM의 농도를 적용하였을 때부터 전체 fingerprinting pattern범위의 주 단편들을 나타내는 균주들도 있었으나 총 단편의 수가 완벽하게 나타나지는 않았고, 200 μM의 적용시점에서 6종의 균주 모두 단편의 수나 강도의 변화가 관찰되지 않았기 때문에 fingerprinting pattern의 파악을 위한 목적에는 200 μM의 dNTPs 농도만으로도 충분하였다. REP primer는 적용한 농도가 증가함에 따라 단편의 수와 강도가 증가하였으며 Vibrio를 제외한 5종의 균주가 2.0 μM의 primer를 적용했을 때 고유한 fingerprinting pattern을 나타냈다. 주형 DNA의 양을 변화시켜 적용하였을 때 DNA 양의 비율이 2배에서 5배까지 증가하여도 초기 미량 적용 시 생성되었던 fingerprinting pattern은 많은 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 그러나 적용되는 DNA 양에 따라 단편들의 강도와 수가 약간씩 점증하는 양상을 보였다.

Korean and Chinese sesames were subjected to microscopic observation and instrumental determination of fatty acid composition and sesamolin/sesamin ratio to obtain basic data for discriminating each other. The overall appearance of both samples was differently observed by stereo microscope (X8). Fatty acid composition of sesame oils, extracted from both samples with different roasting degrees, showed a similar pattern although Chinese samples cointained about 6% higher content of stearic acid and 47% lower content of linolenic acid than Korean ones. The sesamolin/sesamin ratio was remarkably lower(0.39) in Chinese samples than Korean (0.67-0.72), showing a variation depending on producing districts. Roasting degrees of raw sesames little influenced their composition of fatty acid and sesamolin/sesamin ratio. Based on the above results, it is considered that the comparison between domestic and Chinese sesames in view of their stearic and linolenic acid contents and sesamolin/sesamin ratio might be one of the potential criteria in discriminating their production origins.

Background : This study examined the effect of harvesting time on the growth, yield characteristics, and major beneficial components in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Methods and Results : Although plant height, stem diameter and branch length were not affected by harvesting time, the number of stems was highest when harvested in mid October. There were no differences in root length and thickness, however, the rhizome was thicker when it was harvested at the end of October or early November than when it was harvested in early and mid October. The dried root weight also showed a similar pattern. However, there was a statistically significant increase to 408 ㎏ (16%) in the rhizome weight when in late October and a rise to 455 ㎏ (29%) when harvested in early November. Harvest time had little effect on the content of the major component of S. miltiorrhiza. For example, salvianolic acid content rose from 9.42 to 9.64% with later harvest times, and tanshinone ΠA content was tended to be slightly more increased in mid October which S. miltiorrhiza has 0.22% tanshinon ΠA than in early October. Conclusions : According to these results, the optimum harvest time for S. miltiorrhiza is early November when plant or major component yields are hightest. There were no significant harvest time effects on the major beneficial components.

시판 건조김의 일반성분, 아미노산, 지방산, 구성당 및 무기질 함량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 수분 함량은 5.67~7.43%, 조회분 함량은 8.01~8.95%, 조지방 함량은 1.54~2.25%, 조단백질 함량은 37.77~39.98% 및 탄수화물 함량은 43.83~46.24%으로 산지에 따라 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다. 구성아미노산 함량은 건조김 100 g 당 완도가 25,982.15 mg, 부산이 23,847.35 mg, 고흥이 21,499.83 mg, 서천이 20,190.80 mg의 순으로, 필수아미노산은 건조김 100 g 당 완도가 9048.28 mg, 부산이 8003.11 mg, 고흥이 7178.65 mg, 서천이 7156.80 mg의 순으로, 유리아미노산 함량은 건조김 100 g 당 완도가 4,545.44 mg, 부산이 3,526.64 mg, 고흥이 3,103.19 mg, 서천이 2,871.62 mg의 순으로 산지에 따라 유의적 차이를 나타냈다. 주요 지방산 조성은 20:5n3가 64.50~70.06%, 16:0가 8.79~10.29%, 23:0가 3.15~7.36%, 22:1n9가 1.86~3.09%으로 산지에 따라 유의적 차이를 보였고 전체 지방산의 78.30~90.80%를 차지하였다. 구성당은 건조김 100 g 당 galactose가 3,678.84~4,052.52 mg, fructose가 2,112.30~2,473.86 mg, mannose가 1,103.74~1,648.39 mg, glucose가 361.67~590.21 mg의 순으로 산지에 따라 유의적 차이를 나타냈다. 무기질 함량은 완도 및 부산 김이 K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu 순으로, 고흥 및 서천의 김은 K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu 순으로 산지에 따라 유의적 차이를 보였다.

Adsorption and desorption characteristics of the representative 10 kinds components consisting of gasoline vapor on activated carbon were investigated at the temperature range of -30℃∼25℃. The breakthrough curves of each vapors obtained by the Thomas model were well described the breakthrough experimental results of this study. The breakthrough times of each vapors were correlated with the molecular weight, density, and vapor pressure. The breakthrough times had greater correlation with boiling point than molecular weight and density. The slope of the breakthrough curve was a proportional relationship with the rate constant (k) of Thomas model expression. The higher the slope of the breakthrough curve, the rate constant was larger. The biggest slope vapor had the smallest adsorption capacity (qe). Adsorption and desorption characteristics of mixed vapor similar to the gasoline vapor were studied at room temperature (25℃). The mixed vapor consisting of 9 components; group A (pentane, hexene, hexane), group B (benzene, toluene), group C (octane, ethylbenzene, xylene, nonane) was examined. Group A was not nearly adsorbed because of substitution by group C, and the desorption capacity of group A was smaller than group C. The adsorbed substances were confirmed to be Group C.

Mercury distribution and hazardous characteristics of major components from SCFLs (Spent compact fluorescent lamps)for 3 lamp manufactures (A, B, C) are estimated by the analysis of mercury concentration and leaching tests such asKorean Extraction Test (KET) and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). SCFLs can be separated into glasstube, phosphor powder, metals, ballast, plastics, and binder. Through the analysis of mercury in major components forSCFL, mercury concentration in phosphor powder is much higher than that in other components regardless manufacturesof lamp. Also, mercury concentration in phosphor powder is dependent of the manufactures of lamp. From the leachingtests, all components except phosphor powder from 3 lamp manufactures are verified to be non-hazardous waste becauseall leaching concentrations are below the regulatory level. However, the leaching concentration of mercury in phosphorpowder of SCFLs is higher than the regulatory level in both KET and TCLP regardless manufactures of lamp. Hence,phosphor powder should be managed as a hazardous waste and should be separately managed to control mercury.

Gastrodia elata Blume is a achlorophyllous orchid plant that has been used in traditional medicine to treat many human illnesses, such as vertigo, hemiplegia, and epilepsy. It contains three major pharmacological substances; gastrodin, ergothioneine, and vanillyl alcohol. Here we investigated the quantitative changes in those functional components by cultivation conditions and harvest times. The content of ergothioneine was different with cultivation areas, while gastrodin accumulated the higher levels than vanillyl alcohol regardless of cultivation areas. The smaller tubers contained the higher concentrations of gastrodin and the lower concentrations of ergothioneine than did the larger tubers. The cultivation under sun shade screen increased the concentrations of both gastrodin and vanillyl alcohol but decreased the levels of ergothioneine. We also determined the contents of functional substances depending on the harvest times. The concentration of gastrodin was higher in October than in April, while the level of ergothioneine was higher in April than in October. Interestingly, the use of sexually propagated seed tubers produced 1.9 times higher levels of gastrodin compared to vegetatively propagated seed tubers. In this study, we found that three major functional substances in G. elata tubers altered depending on various cultivation practices, which might be important to increase the economic values of G. elata tubers.

Linear type SFL (spent fluorescent lamp) can be classified by 3-banded lamp and general lamp. Linear type SFL is separated by the end-cutting technique to examine the distribution of mercury in the major components such as base cap, glass part and phosphor powder. In this study, the concentration of mercury is analyzed by DMA (Direct Mercury Analysis) method for major components in linear type SFL. From the results of mercury distribution for 3 companies, the concentration of mercury in 3-banded lamp is less than that in general lamp. And phosphor powder has greater than 80% of total mercury amount in SFL and the mercury concentration in phosphor powder is measured between 1,250 ppm and 1,740 ppm. The mercury concentration in phosphor powder can be changed by the type of lamp, company, and period of usage. KET and TCLP are carried out for phosphor powder, glass, and base cap to estimate the hazardous characteristic. From the results of KET and TCLP test for general lamp and 3-banded lamp, phosphor powder from general lamp and 3-banded lamp should be controlled separately by stabilization or other methods to reuse as a renewable material because the phosphor powder is determined as a hazardous waste.

사철쑥 (Artemisia capillaris Thunb.)의 수확시기 및 부위별 생육특성, scoparone과 capillarisin함량을 조사하여 약리 성분 함량이 높은 수확시기와 부위를 알아본 결과는 다음과 같다. 사철쑥은 7월 30일경 꽃봉오리가 형성되었으며 8월 30일 만개하여 9월에 종자가 성숙되었다. 생육은 8월 30일에 가장 양호하여 생체중과 건물중이 높았다. 특히 이 시기에 엽은 관찰되지 않았고 생체중은 243.7g으로 높았는데 종실의 무게는 109.6g, 줄기의 무게는 134.Is이었다. Scoparone 함량은 종실에 많이 함유되어 있었는데 8월 30일 종실에서 6.50mg/g DW로 가장 높았다. 또한 capillarisin은 줄기에는 존재하지 않았으며 엽과 종실에서 나타났는데 7월 30일 종실에 1.65mg/g DW로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었다.

우리나라의 을릉도에 자생하고 있는 우산고로쇠나무를 대상으로 흉고직경급별 수액 채취량과 수액 내 성분을 분석하였다. 우산고로쇠나무의 총 수액채취량은 376l 이었으며 흉고직경이 증가할수록 수액 채취량도 많았으며 총채취량에 대해 소 중 대경목이 각각18%, 32%, 50%의 비율을 나타내었다. 수액 채취량은 온도와 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 많은 양의 수액이 채취된 날의 기상조건은 일최고 최저기온의 온도격차가 크게 나타났다. 우산고로쇠나무 수액내의 고형분, 회분, 당도는 각각 3.04%, 0.06%, 3.06%로 나타났으며, 유리당은 자당 (30.6 g/l)이 높은 함량을 나타내었으나 포도당, 과당, 맥아당은 검출되지 않았다. 우산고로쇠나무 수액은 총 7종의 무기성분중 칼슘 (522 mg/l)과 칼륨 (309 mg/l)의 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다.