식품의약품안전처는 기후 변화 및 수입 식품 다변화에 따른 위험 요소에 선제적으로 대응하기 위해 신규 출현 가능 해양생물독소 뿐만 아니라 현재 관리하고 있는 분야 까지 포함한 ‘해양생물 독소의 선제적 대응을 위한 안전 관리망 구축’ 사업을 5년에 걸쳐 추진하고 있다. 이 사업 을 통해 국내 연안에서 발생하는 해양생물독소 뿐만 아니 라 해외에서 발생하는 독소 사고에 신속하게 대응함으로 새로운 해양독소의 유입과 피해를 방지하고, 국내외에서 관리되는 독소 및 신규 독소를 국가 차원에서 관리 감독 할 수 있는 시스템을 마련하여 우리나라 수산물 안전관리 수준을 국제적으로 향상시켜 국내 수산업의 안전을 강화 하고 수출 경쟁력 확보에도 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

This study used the big data method to analyze the chronological frequency of seafood appearance and variety mentioned by the veritable records of the Joseon dynasty. The findings will be used as a basis for Joseon Period’s food cultural research. The web-crawling method was used to digitally scrap from the veritable records of the Joseon dynasty of Joseon’s first to the twenty-seventh king. A total of 9,536 cases indicated the appearance of seafood out of the 384,582 articles. Seafood were termed ‘‘seafood” as a collective noun 107 times (1.12%), 27 types of fish 8,372 times (87.79%), 3 types of mollusca (1.28%), 18 types of shellfish 213 times (2.23%), 6 types of crustacean 188 times (1.97%), 9 types of seaweed 534 times (5.60%). Fish appeared most frequently out of all the recorded seafood. Sea fish appeared more frequently than the freshwater fish. Kings that showed the most Strong Interest Inventory (SII) were: Sungjong from the 15thcentury, Sehjo from the 15th, Youngjo from the 18th, Sehjong from the 15th, and Jungjo from the 18th respectively. Kings of Chosen were most interested in seafood in the 15th and 18th centuries.

2011년 동일본대지진에 의해 발생한 후쿠시마 원자력 발전소 사고와 최근 국내 지진 발생 빈도의 증가는 원자력 발전소의 지진 안전성에 대한 불안감을 야기하였다. 더불어 최근(2021년) 일본 동경전력은 후쿠시마 원전 오염수의 태평양 방류를 결정하였으며, 이로 인해 국내외 수산물을 통한 방사능 오염 가능성이 높아지면서 국민들의 우려가 급증하고 있다. 후쿠시마 원전사고 이후 해양으로 의 인공방사능 유입에 관한 연구는 국제적으로 많이 이루어졌으나, 한국인의 주요 식재료인 동아시아 연근해의 수산물에서 인공방사능의 분포 현황 및 축적에 대한 연구는 상대적으로 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 후쿠시마 원전사고 이후, 국내산 수산물에서의 원전 기원 인공방사능(예, 137Cs, 239,240Pu, 90Sr 등)의 분포 특성과 관련한 최근 연구 사례들을 소개하고자 한다. 또한, 후쿠시마 원전 오염수의 방류와 더불어 2030년까지 계획된 중국의 신규 원전 시설로 인한 향후 한반도 주변해역의 방사능 유출 영향에 대한 대비 및 사전 연구가 필요한 시점이기에 향후 연구 방향들을 제안하고자 한다.

서울시 경동시장 및 인근 대형마트에서 유통 중인 건조 수산물 150여 건을 시료로, ICP-MS를 이용하여 규격 미설정 중금속인 비소, 크롬, 니켈에 의한 오염도를 확인하고 그에 따른 위해도를 분석하였다. 크롬과 니켈은 검출량 및 위해도 분석 결과, 유의할 만한 결과를 확인할 수 없었다. 비소 검출량의 경우 건조어류 1.76±1.36 (0.00- 7.34), 건조연체류 3.38±2.42 (0.06-7.89), 건조해조류 1.99±1.33 (0.28-5.97), 건조갑각류 6.62±2.50 (3.30-13.57) ppm으로, 현재 건조 농산물 일부 및 한약재에서의 3 ppm 이하 규정을 간접적으로 적용했을 때, 건조갑각류는 분석에 사용된 시료 21건 모두 기준 이상으로 검출되었고, 건조연체류는 총 20건 중 50%에 해당하는 10건이 기준 이상, 건조 어류는 총 108건 중 15건(13.9%)이 기준 초과, 건조 해조류는 35건 중 6건(17.1%)의 시료가 기준을 초과 한 결과를 보였다. 시료 건수에 따른 한계에도 불구하고, 위 결과를 통해 각 품목별 및 세부 품목별 미 규격 중금속 오염에 대한 지속적인 자료 축적과 규격 설정의 필요성을 확인할 수 있었다. 비록 %PTWI 분석 결과 아직은 안전한 것으로 확인되었지만, 중금속은 여러 경로로 인체 내로 유입되며 위해도는 총합으로써 평가해야 하므로, 해양 및 수산물의 오염으로 인한 건강 위해 가능성에 대한 확인은 다각적인 연구와 검토가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

The use of microwave-assisted extraction and an acid-base clean-up process to determine the amount of methylmercury (MeHg) in marine products was suggested in order to improve the complicated sample preparation process. The optimal conditions for microwave-assisted extraction was developed by using a 10% NaCl solution as an extraction solution, setting the extraction temperature at 50℃, and holding for 15 minutes to extract the MeHg in marine products. A NaOH solution was selected as a clean-up substitute instead of L-cysteine solution. Overall, 670 samples of marine products were analyzed for total mercury (Hg). Detection levels were in the range of 0.0006~0.3801 μg/kg. MeHg was analyzed and compared using the current food code and the proposed method for 49 samples which contained above 0.1 mg/kg of Hg. Detection ranges of methylmercury followed by the Korea Food Code and the proposed method were 75.25 (ND~516.93) μg/kg and 142.07 (100.14~244.55) μg/kg, respectively. The total analytical time of proposed method was reduced by more than 25% compared with the current food code method.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating habits and nutritional knowledge of elementary school students in regards to seafood in school meals. More than 80.6% of elementary school students reported an ‘average’ preference for seafood. While ‘taste’ and ‘healthy food’ were common reasons to prefer marine products, ‘unpleasant taste and smell’ was a common reason not to prefer seafood. Students in general stated ‘eating if possible’ as their attitude towards seafood in school meals, 38.1% responded ‘eating all’ as their intake level. There was a significant difference between preference for seafood by gender [boys, 3.44; girls, 3.64 (P<0.01)]. Also, students significantly difference preferred some types of seafood over others. The students who enjoyed eating seafood had more regular and balanced diets and a better attitude toward dietary life and health than did the counterparts who did not prefer seafood. A significant difference (P<0.05) in knowledge existed according to gender; girls had a higher level of knowledge than did boys.

This study was practiced to survey food-borne bacterial aspects of Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus etc. from 210 processed seasoned marine products in Garak fishery wholesale market in Seoul, 2009. Distributions of these bacterial isolates were 28 coliforms, 32 Bacillus spp., 71 Staphylococcus spp., 11 Listeria spp, and 10Enterococcus spp. in 157 dried squids, 23 dried file fishes, and 20 dried pollacks etc. respectively. Results in 16 kinds of antibiotics susceptibility test by disc diffusion method, special multiple drugs resistance patterns were NOR + LVX + CIP + SAM+ VA + S + TE + CF, SAM + C + VA, VA + S + TE, and VA + S in 9 E. coli strains, also,AMC + SAM + CF, SAM + CF, and VA + CF in 21 Bacillus cereus strains respectively. On the basis of the results above, many seasoned dried fishes had multiple drugs resistances, conclusively, we suggest limited guideline and special management on use of antibiotics in floating net cages of fishery farms.

서울시 가락농수산물시장에서 수거한 총 2,066건의 해산물(어류 573건, 패류 721건, 갑각류 208건 그리고 연체류 564건)을 대상으로 대장균을 분리 동정한 결과 10.3%(212/2,066)의 검출율을 보였다. 분리된 212주의 대장균의 월별 분포를 살펴보면, 1월 4.0%, 2월 1.0%, 3월 0.7%, 4월 9.5%, 5월 4.4%, 6월 9.4%, 7월 30.5%, 8월 42.1%, 9월 21.2%, 10월 6.6%, 11월 0.7% 그리고 12월 4.6%의 검출율을 보여, 6-9월 등 하절기에 많은 대장균이 분포됨을 알 수 있었고, 검체별 분포를 살펴보면, 어류가 7.0%(40/573), 패류 12.8%(92/721), 갑각류 8.7%(18/208) 그리고 연체류 11.0%(62/564)의 검출율을 보여, 패류, 연체류가 어류, 갑각류에 비해 대장균 분리율이 비교적 높게 나타났다. 또한, 지역별 분포를 살펴보면, 강원 21.3%의 검출율을 보였고, 인천 15.6%,경남 12.1%, 전남 11.5%, 전북 22.2%, 충남 11.6%, 제주 6.7% 그리고 우리나라 이외의 지역에서 9.0%의 검출율을 보였다. 212주를 대상으로 혈청형 동정을 실시한 결과, O6은 소라, 키조개, 그리고 건해삼에서 각각 1건씩, O25는 문어, 멍게에서 각각 1건씩, O29는 소라, 키조개에서 각각 1건씩, 그리고 O8, O25, O26, O27, O55, O78, O126, O158, O168은 문어, 갈치, 미더덕, 바지락, 낙지, 쭈꾸미, 소라, 오징어 알에서 각각 1건씩, O167도 소라에서 1건 확인되어 총 16주 (7.5% = 16/212)의 O 혈청형이 동정되어 어패류 등 해산물에 대장균이 분포되어 있음을 알 수 있었다.

In this study, the 2-way condensation system was designed applying air-to-air heat pump to dry a marine product such as squid in the winter. And to be made the drying apparatuses by this system, there are two kinds of type, A type, was set a compressor outside of the drying apparatus, B type, was set a compressor in the drying room. And then the variations of temperature in drying room were measured to compare the heating performance of the drying apparatuses between A type and B type at -6.5℃, outdoor temperature. The temperature of the drying room for B type was increased to 36℃ but the temperature of the drying room for A type was not increased to 36℃, to be increased to 20℃.

This study was performed to investigate the contents of sulfites in 2,770 dried marine products in Seoul Chung-Bu market from March to October in 1999. Sulfites of the samples were determined by Zn powder reduction method and Monnier-Williams's modified method. Eight samples of 2,770 (0.29%) were detected over 30ppm in S02 contents by Monnier-Williams's modified method. In samples detected over 30ppm, six dried filefishes(130.2-573.4ppm) were imported from Vietnam, same kind of other one(114.2ppm) was from China and the other one Alaska pollack(195.3ppm) was domestic. By Zn powder reduction method, 259 dried marine products (259/2,770=9.35%) were positive reaction (1-30ppm). These were 93 dried shrimps, 53 filefish meats, 34 dried squids, 33 slices of dried pollacks and 17 sea mussel meats. So sulfites must be use commonly to prevent black spot and preserve for many dried shrimps, filefishes meats, dried squids etc. According to results, the quality test for the imported dried marine products must be reinforced to supply safety food for the citizens.

The major purpose of the present study is to survey vegetables, meats, seafoods, processed foods and imported foods for the presence. of Listeria spp. and to prevent listeriosis caused by the contamination of Listeria monocytogenes. Listeria spp. was isolated from 6.0% of meats, 3.4% of seafoods, and 11.4% of imported foods but was not found in vegetables and processed foods. The optimum growth condition of isolates indentified as Listeria monocytogenes was pH 7.0 and 37℃. The antimicrobial effect of grapefruit seed e×tract (GFSE) was observed in the level of more than 100ppm by disk method. When lml(2.5× 10^6 CFU/ml) of Listeria monocytogenes was inoculated and incubated for 3 days at 30, the total cell number of the organism was 4.5 × 10^9 in the control, 7.2 × 10³ in 100 μg/ml of GFSE medium, and 3.5 μg/ml of GFSE medium. Direct visualization of microbial cells by using both transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope showed microbial cell membrane the function of which was destroyed by treating with the dilute solutions of GFSE. It could be confirmed that GFSE completely inhibited the growth of the test strain of Listeria monocytogenes.

Levels of sterols including δ7-dehydrogenase isolated from the tissues of marine animal products (20 species) were determined on 1.5% OV-17 columm of gas-liquid chromatography. The composition showed that the mussels and clams contained various sterols in their tissues : cholesterol, brassicasterol. 24-methylenecholesterol with some minor components such as 22-trans-norcholesta-5,22-dien-3β-ol, 22-cis-dehydrocholesterol, 22-trans-dehydrocholesterol, desmosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, isofucosterol, and 7-dehydrocholesterol which could be converted into vitamin D3 in the skin tissue of animal was present in the muscle of oyster, Crassostrea gigas. On the other hand, the others including gastropoda were predominantly composed of cholesterol. The minor sterols such as 24-methylenecholesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol in the fish intestines are supposed to be derived from dietary plankton. Cholesterol δ7-dehydrogenase which could convert cholesterol into δ7-dehydrogenase was present in the pickles of Tricurus haumela intestine.