This study analyzed the changes in the nutritional components, properties, physicochemical properties, general bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria of pickled cabbage depending on the cultivation area. An analysis of the nutritional composition on the first day of storage showed no significant difference in the calories, carbohydrates, protein, fat, and dietary fiber contents regardless of the cultivation region, but regional differences were observed in the vitamin C content in the order of Andong > Pyeongchang > Haenam. The total free amino acid content appeared in the order Andong > Pyeongchang > Haenam, and the GABA (-amino-n-butyric acid) content appeared in the order Haenam > Andong > Pyeongchang. In addition, pickled cabbage was observed on the 1st, 5th, and 10th days of storage at 4oC. No significant change in appearance was observed on the 1st and 5th days, but changes were observed on the 10th day. Regardless of the cultivation area, the salinity (p<0.05) and pH (p<0.05) decreased significantly as the storage period increased, while the sugar content (p<0.05) and acidity (p<0.05) increased significantly. The general bacteria (p<0.05) and lactic acid bacteria (p<0.05) counts increased significantly as the storage period increased, irrespective of the cultivation region.

This study evaluated the nutritional composition and quality traits of rabbit meat as compared to chicken meat. Samples of loin (M. longissimus dorsi) and breast meats were collected from rabbit and chicken carcasses, respectively. The meats were then analyzed for the proximate composition, collagen and energy contents, fatty acid composition, myoglobin and heme iron contents, pH value, water-holding capacity (WHC), cooking loss, meat color, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) value, and texture profile. Compared to chicken breast meat, lower (p<0.05) protein content and higher (p<0.05) ash and collagen contents were obtained in rabbit loin meat. Rabbit meat remarkably had higher (p<0.05) total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and linolenic acid contents and lower (p<0.05) n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio as compared to chicken meat. The pH value and WHC were lower (p<0.05) in rabbit meat than in chicken meat (p<0.05). Rabbit meat exhibited lower (p<0.05) L* value and higher (p<0.05) a* and b* values compared to chicken meat (p<0.05). The WBSF value, hardness, and gumminess were higher (p<0.05) in rabbit meat than in chicken meat (p<0.05). These findings suggest that rabbit meat has higher essential n-3 PUFA, darker color, and firmer texture as compared to chicken meat.

This study evaluated the color, DPPH radical activity, and sensory characteristics of nutritional bars supplemented with varying concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5%) of freeze-dried Natto. An inconsistent pattern was observed for the L value, whereas both a and b values increased significantly up to 5% addition of freeze-dried Natto. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of nutritional bars supplemented with 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5% freeze-dried Natto were determined to be 59.54, 59.70, 44.85, and 55.07%, respectively. The appearance, color, taste, texture, and overall preference of nutritional bars supplemented with freeze-dried Natto showed significant differences between the samples. The overall preference of the nutrient bar was highest at 6.08 points, determined for the 2.5% Natto supplemented bar. The quality characteristics of the 2.5% added samples exhibited significantly higher values as compared to the controls, thereby indicating the potential of development in health-functional cereal bars.

This study aim to evaluate dietary quality and nutritional status according to the consumption of health functional food using Nutrition Quotient for Korean elderly (NQ-E) for 288 elderly people attending senior welfare centers in Gyeonggi-do. The questionnaire consisted of items about general information, health functional food, and Nutrition Quotient for Korean elderly (NQ-E). Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact tests, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were performed using the SAS program ver. 9.4. Among the male and female subjects, the female subjects consumed more health functional food. The results of the dietary quality and nutritional status difference according to the intake of health functional food showed significant differences only in the areas of variety and abstinence among nutrition quotient factors for men, while no significant differences were observed in any of the nutrition quotient factors for women. In conclusion, focused-nutrition education program and useful guideline is needed for promoting adequate consumption of health functional foods in elderly.

This study aimed to assess the nutritional quality of breakfast among Korean school-aged children and adolescents depending on eating together as a family, based on the 2013-2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. One day 24-hour recall data of 1,831 children and adolescents aged from 6 to 17 years were collected. The nutritional quality of breakfast was analyzed and compared between Family Breakfast Group (FBG, n=1,410) and Eating-alone Breakfast Group (EBG, n=421). The results showed that age, family structure, number of family members, and frequency of breakfast were associated with eating breakfast as a family. The calorie intake from breakfast explained 19% and 16% of the daily intake for FBG and EBG, respectively. The percentages of children and adolescents consuming Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin C, Niacin, and Iron less than 1/4 of the Estimated Average Requirements were significantly lower in FBG than in EBG. The average numbers of serving for “Grains” and “Vegetables” food groups and the average Dietary Diversity Score were significantly higher in FBG than in EBG. Overall, the results indicated that eating breakfast as a family is positively associated with nutritional quality of breakfast among Korean school-aged children and adolescents.

블루베리의 재배면적은 증가추세이고 재배특성상 피트모스에서 잘 자라며 관목인 점을 고려하여 용기재배를 많이 하고 있다. 또한 안정적으로 생산할 수 있는 재배기술 개발이 요구되고 있다. 본 시험에서는 블루베리 양액재배시 양액조성이 수체생육과 과실품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 시험방법은 3년생 ‘듀크’ 품종을 대상으로 피트모스와 펄라이트의 용량을 각각 130L, 40L(v/v)로 하여 용기(60×80×40cm)에 식재하고 톱밥으로 멀칭한 후 2015년과 2016년에 3종의 조성이 다른 용액을 4월 중순부터 7월 하순까지 공급하여 수체생육 및 과실품질을 조사하였다. 처리내용은 무시비구, 조성액 1(표준액), 조성액 2(표준액보다 10%질소 감소), 조성액 3(표준액보다 20%질소 감소)을 처리하였다. 블루베리의 생육을 보면, 신초경은 표준액 처리가 3.7mm로 가장 컸으며, 신초장 또한 35.7cm로 가장 길었다. 신초수는 표준액 처리가 질소를 20% 감소한 처리 대비 47%로 가장 많았다. 질소함량이 많은 처리에서 엽장과 엽폭이 길거나 넓어졌으며, 엽록소 함량도 증가하였다. 처리별 과실특성은 과립중, 고형물 함량, 산함량 등은 처리간 큰 차이가 없었으며, 수량은 질소를 10% 감소한 처리가 주당 2.9kg으로 가장 많았고, 표준액 처리가 2.2kg, 질소를 20% 감소한 처리가 2.7kg였다. 이는 질소 함량이 가장 많은 표준액 처리가 신초가 가장 많이 발생하여 영양생장은 왕성했으나 꽃눈 착생은 감소해 수량이 오히려 감소한 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 블루베리 양액재배시 생육은 질소비율이 중간정도에서 가장 좋았으며, 과실의 수량과 크기에서도 저농도나 중간농도가 고농도에 비하여 우수하였다.

The objective of this study was to evaluate quality properties of high quality rice. Seven rice varieties, Dabo, Daebo, Samkwang, Sindongjin, Sukwang, Jinsumi, and Haiami, were investigated for proximate contents and physicochemical characteristics. Moisture content was highest in the Jinsumi (13.13%). Protein and lipid content was highest in the Haiami. The amylose content of the rice cultivars was 20.15~22.51%. The degree of amylopectin polymerization (DP) was analyzed, and in all cultivars, DP 13-24 content was found to be highest, at more than 53%, whereas DP ≥37 content was lowest, at less than 5.81%. With regard to free sugar, maltose content in rice was the highest (≥46%). Toyo value of rice was highest in Samkwang, Daebo, and Jimsumi. Palatability characteristics were highest in Daebo and Jimsumi. Thus, the results of this study suggested that Samkwang, Daebo, and Jinsumi can be effectively used as processed cooked rice, though further studies should be required regarding changes in the quality of rice after cooking.

Button mushroom is one of the popular agricultural products and it is cultivated in 70 countries. It has been cultivated more than 50 years in Korea because it is applied many Korean dishes as nutritional foods. The screening criterion for qualities of button mushroom is very strict and difficult for passing evaluation in Korea; therefore, the mushroom growers are burdened with difficulty in production and consumption in price as well. In this study, the contents of crude fat, fiber, ash, and protein were analyzed in three different qualities of button mushroom as normal, immature, and developed button mushrooms. The contents of crude fat, fiber, ash, and protein were 0.21% 8.68% 0.79% and 2.22% normal product, 0.23% 8.95% 0.86% and 2.41% in immature product, and 0.22% 7.79% 0.82% and 2.22% in developed product, respectively. There was no significant difference in basic nutritional values among the products. Therefore, it is expected that will be loosened the screen criterion of button mushroom, and the producers of button mushroom will be more economically benefits for production as well as the mushroom consumers are more economically consumption for button mushroom by reasonable price.

The quality characteristics, total phenolic content, anthocyanin content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of rice nutritional bar with added powder of aronia byproducts were investigated in this study. The rice nutritional bar was prepared by adding aronia byproducts powder at concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6%. The pH of the rice nutritional bar batter was lowered for the control and 2% aronia byproducts powder was added. The moisture content, baking loss rate, leavening rate and specific volume of the rice nutritional bar decreased with as the aronia byproducts powder content increased. In relation to measurements of the colors of the rice nutritional bar crust and crumbs, as the content of aronia byproducts powder increased, the L and b values decreased while the a value increased. From texture analysis, the hardness and chewiness increased according to the level of added aronia byproducts powder, but the springiness and cohesiveness decreased. The total phenolic content, anthocyanin content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity showed the highest values in the rice bar with 6% aronia byproducts powder added. According to a sensory evaluation, overall preference was highest for the rice bar with 4% added aronia byproducts powder, whereas the color and taste was rated higher for the rice bar added with 4% and 6% aronia byproducts powder.

This study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition and physico-chemical meat quality properties for Jeju-horse (Jeju-horse×Thoroughbred) with different fattening periods (4-, 8- and 13.5-month). In chemical composition, the moisture contents were decreased as the fattening periods increased. The fat contents were 3.78% at 4-months and they were decreased such as 70∼76% at 13.5-months whereas the protein contents increased as the fattening period increased. The cooking loss was highest (33.41%) at 4-months group and decreased after that periods, however, there was no significant difference among 3 fattening period groups. The Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) values were lowest at 4-months group and tended to increase as the fattening period increased. In mineral contents, the contents of Fe, Na, Zn were significantly higher for 4-month group than 8- and 13.5-month group whereas the contents of Mg were significantly lower for 4-month group than 8- and 13.5-month group (p＜0.05). The results of the amino acid composition analysis showed that cystein, methionine, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, alanine, valine, lysine, histidine, arginine contents were significantly increased and tyrosine contents were significantly decreased as the fattening period increased (p<0.05). The contents of palmitic acid (C16:0) were highest at 4-month group and they decreased as the fattening period increased (p＜0.05). The contents of oleic acid (C18:ln9) were highest at 8-month group and they were lowest at 13.5-month group. The total contents of unsaturated fatty acids were significantly higher for 13.5-month group than those for 4-month groups (p＜0.05). In conclusions, the fat contents were decreased whereas the protein, Fe, Mg contents and WHC increased as the fattening periods increased. Overall contents of amino acids increased only except several amino acids. The total contents of unsaturated fatty acids were increased as the fattening period increased, however they were not significantly different when those were fattened more than 8-month. These results indicated that longer fattening period could be more effective to enhance horse meat quality.

The present study was planned to analyze the nutritional quality, microbial counts and fermentative acids in Italian ryegrass (IRG) 80% and alfalfa 20% (IRG-HV) mediated silage inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a probiotic strain for 3 months. Crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and In-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeast and fungi counts and fermentation metabolites such as lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acids were analyzed. The result shows that the nutritional quality and metabolite profiles of silage were significantly improved with LAB. For microbial counts, LAB showed dominant followed by yeast as compared with control silage. The pH of the silage also reduced significantly when silage inoculated with LAB. The result confirmed that silage preparation using different crops with L. plantarum inoculation is most beneficial for the farmers.

The aim of present study was to improve the quality of silage using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and chlorella as a supplement. Italian ryegrass (IRG) mediated silage was prepared with lactic acid bacteria (L. plantarum) and different concentration of chlorella. We analyzed the nutritional profiles such as crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), microbial counts and fermentative acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid in the control and experimental silage after three months. It shows increased crude protein content and also maintains the rest of nutritional values as compared with control silage. LAB inoculation with chlorella as supplementation slightly reduced the pH of the silage. In addition, it increased the fermentative acids production as compared with control silage and inhibits the undesired microbial growth especially fungi in the silage. Therefore, we suggest that LAB inoculation and chlorella supplementation to the IRG mediated silage could be improved the nutritional quality of the silage which is an intrinsic feature for the application in the preparation of animal feeds and functional foods.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different thawing methods including; refrigerated at 4℃ for 6 hr, soaked in 15℃ water for 40 min, exposed to room temperature (25℃) for 4 hr, and microwaved (600 W) for 2 min on the water-soluble nutritional component and meat quality trait of Hanwoo beef. The thawing beef by the refrigerated method resulted in significantly lower cooking loss, drip loss and loss of water-soluble vitamin B group, whereas the water-soaked method had higher loss of vitamin B group (p<0.05). Furthermore, total aerobic counts and coliforms were significantly lower in the meat samples thawed by the refrigerated method than that in the samples thawed by the other methods when stored for 6 days at 4℃. However, the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) content was found significantly (p<0.05) higher in the microwaved method than that in the other thawing methods. Based on the results obtained in the present study, it is concluded that the thawing methods had remarkable impact on the water-soluble nutritional components, quality properties and storage stability of meat. Therefore, the present study recommends that the thawed meat needs to be consumed and should not be stored for long time due to the acceleration of its quality deterioration

The objective of this study was to investigate meat quality and nutritional composition of 10 cuts (loin, striploin, chuck roll, chuck tender, short plate, brisket, bottom round, top sirloin, eye of round, and top round) from quality grade 1 beef from 11 Hanwoo steers at Hanwoo Experimental Station of National Institute of Animal Science. The protein contents were higher in top round (Udoon) and eye of round (Hongduke) and lower in loin (Dngsim) and short plate (Abjin) when compared to the other cuts (p<0.05). Whereas the intramuscular fat contents were highest in loin (12.51%), those were lowest in top round (4.14%) (p<0.05). The calories were higher in loin and short plate and lower in top round, chuck tender (Guri), top sirloin (Bosup), eye of round, chuck roll (Moksim), and bottom round (Sulgit) (p<0.05). The cooking loss (%) was 24.38% in loin and it was lower than the other cuts (p<0.05). The bottom round had higher water holding capacity (WHC) and chuck tender had lower WHC than those in the other cuts (p<0.05). In meat color, L* values were higher in loin and lower in top round than the other cuts (p<0.05). Total saturated fatty acid contents were higher in loin and lower in bottom round than the other cuts (p<0.05). In amino acid compositions, top round had significantly higher than those in the other cuts (p<0.05). The iron contents were higher in chuck tender and chuck roll contained higher iron contents than those of the other cuts (p<0.05). In conclusion, the meat quality and nutritional properties were significantly different among 10 cuts in the same quality grade of Hanwoo beef. Therefore, the provision of the meat quality and nutritional information of 10 cuts to consumers could be important for utilization and balanced consumption of different cuts.

본 연구는 국내에서 생산·유통되는 무 새싹채소의 미생물 및 영양학적 품질지표를 조사하기 위하여 2개월에 한번씩 무 새싹채소를 구매한 후, 미생물 오염도, 총 페놀함량,총 카로티노이드 함량, 총 글루코시놀레이트 함량 및 개별 글루코시놀레이트 화합물을 분석하고, 항산화활성을 측정해보았다. 일반세균수와 대장균군수는 평균 7.45±0.73 log CFU/g과 6.55±0.61 log CFU/g을 나타내었으며, 겨울철에는 각각 6.70±0.61 log CFU/g과 6.09±0.50 log CFU/g으로 낮았고, 여름철에는 각각 7.91±0.15 log CFU/g과 6.94±0.17log CFU/g으로 높은 오염도를 나타내었다. 총 페놀함량은 평균 16.82±0.69 mg/g을 나타내었으며 구매시기별 유의차는 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 총 카로티노이드 함량은 평균값이 10.73±2.08 mg/g로, 계절별로 비교했을 때 겨울이 여름보다 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 총 글루코시놀레이트 함량은 평균 65.80±12.68 mg/g이었으며, 12월에 73.47±4.67mg/g으로 가장 높은 함량을 보였으나, 구매시기에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 개별 글루코시놀레이트함량은 glucoerucin, glucoraphenin, gluconasrutiin, glucobrassicin의 순서로 높게 나타내었으며, glucoerucin을 제외한 성분들은 구매시기에 따른 성분함량에서 유의적 차이를 나타내지는 않았다. 항산화 활성은 DPPH 라디컬 소거능으로 측정하였는데, 2월에 가장 높고 6월에 가장 낮은 항산화 활성을 보여, 겨울철이 여름철에 비해 항산화활성이 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 무 새싹채소의 미생물 오염도, 총 카로티노이드 함량 및 항산화 활성은 구매시기에 따라 함량 및 활성의 변화를 보였으나, 총 페놀 함량, 총 글루코시놀레이트는 구매시기별 유의적인 차이 없음을 확인할 수 있었다.

본 연구에서는 재배조건(하우스재배, 노지재배), 수확시기(어린잎, 성잎) 열처리에 따른 영양성분 및 항산화활성의 변화를 비교 분석하여 국가표준성분표 발간을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 일반성분 4종(수분, 지질, 회분, 단백질), 무기질 5종(칼슘, 철, 마그네슘, 칼륨, 나트륨), 비타민 3종(비타민 C, 엽산, 베타카로틴)의 영양성분을 분석하였고 폴리페놀 화합물과 DPPH 라디칼 제거능을 각각 측정하였다. 연구결과 일반성분의 경우 시료 간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 무기질의 경우 Ca, Mg, Na은 하우스 재배가 노지재배 보다 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 비타민함량과 폴리페놀 함량 및 항산화 활성의 경우 수확시기보다는 재배방법과 열처리에 의해 함량변화가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 하우스보다 노지 재배된 갯기름나물의 비타민 C, 엽산, 폴리페놀 화합물과 항산화활성이 증가하였으며 열처리할 경우 비타민 C, 베타카로틴, 폴리페놀 화합물, 항산화활성이 각각 증가하였다. 비타민 C의 기존 보고된 이론과 상이한 결과가 도출되어 다양한 열처리온도와 시간을 적용한 성분 변화 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 베타카로틴과 폴리페놀 화합물의 열처리에 의한 증가는 산화가수분해 효소의 불활성화와 세포조직의 견고성 저하로 인한 활성물질의 추출 효율증가로 설명될 수 있다. 따라서 나물을 데쳐서 섭취할 경우 미생물 오염방지 등 안전성을 확보할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 나물 세포조직이 연해져 베타카로틴과 같은 우리 몸에 유익한 성분의 소화흡수율이 증가될 것으로 생각된다.