Hypertension is characterized by excessive renin-angiotensin system activity, leading to blood vessel constriction. Several synthetic compounds have been developed to inhibit renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). These drugs often have adverse side effects, driving the exploration of plant protein-derived peptides as alternative or supplementary treatments. This study assessed the phenolic compound and amino acid content and the antioxidant and antihypertensive activity of 5 South Korean staple crops. Sorghum had the highest phenolic compound content and exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Millet grains, particularly finger millet (38.86%), showed higher antihypertensive activity than red beans (14.42%) and sorghum (17.16%). Finger millet was found to contain a large proportion of branched-chain, aromatic, and sulfur-containing amino acids, which are associated with ACE inhibition. In particular, cysteine content was positively correlated with ACE inhibition in the crops tested (r=0.696, p<0.01). This study confirmed that the amino acid composition was more correlated with the antihypertensive activity of grains than the phenolic compound content. Finger millet mainly contained amino acids, which have higher ACE inhibitory activity, resulting in the strongest antihypertensive activity. These findings underscore the antihypertensive potential of select crops as plant-based food ingredients, offering insight into their biological functions.

We determined physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of cookies prepared by replacing wheat flour with 0, 3, 6, and 9% freeze-dried burdock powder instead of wheat flour. The leavening and loss rates of the cookies decreased in proportion to the amount of burdock powder added to the dough. The moisture content of the cookies increased in proportion to the amount of burdock powder added and the crude protein and hardness were higher in the burdock-added group compared to the control. The lightness and yellowness of the cookies decreased, and the redness increased in proportion to the amount of burdock powder added. The total flavonoid and polyphenol compounds in the cookies increased in proportion to the amounts of burdock powder added. The antioxidant activities also tended to increase in proportion to the amount of burdock powder added. Based on the above results, adding burdock powder to cookies can increase antioxidant activity by increasing the content of antioxidant components, such as polyphenols and flavonoids. In addition, it is believed that adding burdock powder at levels of 3 to 9% of the weight of flour would result in cookies with spreadability, swelling power, and hardness similar to those of regular cookies.

목적 : 천연 항균, 항산화 물질인 망고스틴의 크산톤 화합물로 코팅된 콘택트렌즈를 제조하여 안과적 질환 예 방을 위한 기능성 콘택트렌즈의 물리·화학적 특성을 연구하였다. 방법 : 콘택트렌즈를 제조하여 IPN기술을 통해 감마망고스틴을 코팅하였다. 제조된 렌즈를 ISO와 식약처기준 을 참고하여 광투과율, 함수율, 산소투과율(Dk/t), 항균, 항산화성 실험을 진행하였다. 결과 : 감마망고스틴 코팅 콘택트렌즈의 가시광선투과율은 93%이다. 자외선은 70% 이상 청광은 30% 이상 차 단한다. 항균 실험에서는 감마망고스틴 코팅 콘택트렌즈의 항균성이 일반렌즈에 비해 5배 이상 효과 있고, 항산화 는 시험별 17.49, 28.46, 36.99%의 항산화율을 보였다. 결론 : 감마망고스틴으로 코팅된 콘택트렌즈는 UV와 청광의 차단율이 일반렌즈에 비해 매우 뛰어나다. 또한, 일반렌즈에 없는 항균, 항산화 활성을 보여 안과적 질환을 예방할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) has been widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industry as a functional material. In a previous study, we have investigated not only pharmacological effects such as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, but also analyzed various functional ingredients. In this study, triterpenoids were analyzed using HPLC-DAD to determine marker compounds among functional ingredients. When triterpenoids were analyzed, asiaticoside from C. asiatica was determined as an optimal marker compound. Next, specificity, linearity, limited of detection (LOD), limited of quantification (LOQ), precision, accuracy, and range were evaluated using HPLC-DAD to determine asiaticoside contents in C. asiatica juice and extracts. The specificity was elucidated by chromatogram and retention time using an established analytical method. The coefficient of correlation obtained was 0.9996. LOD was 4.99 μg/mL and LOQ was 15.12 μg/mL. Intra- and inter-day precision of asiaticoside were determined to be 0.48~1.68% and 0.08~1.09%, respectively. Furthermore, the recovery rate of asiaticoside was 98.88% and the analytical range of Field-70E was determined to be 0.625~10 mg/mL. As a results of evaluating ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP antioxidative effect, Field-70E showed potent antioxidant activities. Results of this study could be used as basic data for quality standardization of C. astiatica juice and extracts.

In this paper, quality properties and antioxidant capacity of cooked black carrot has been studied. Five different cooking methods have been applied: microwave (45 sec), boiling (100℃, 14 min), steaming (100℃, 20 min), sous vide (75℃, 80 min), sous-vide (95℃, 30 min). The color value was slightly different (p<0.05), the boiling method was the highest in L-value and Sous vide 75℃ method was the lowest. The steaming method indicated the highest a-value at 5.50. The b-value was significantly different between the samples (p<0.05). The microwave method was the highest at 3.49 while the sous vide 95℃ method was the lowest at －0.34. No significant difference was observed between the samples when only the moisture content results were considered. The highest pH was observed in samples cooked using the boiling method. The softening (%) was higher when the cooking water was in contact with samples and it was dependent on the temperatures. In addition, this study shows that not only temperature but also cooking time and cooking media are very crucial in the preparation and cooking of black carrot to prevent the loss of the antioxidant compound. In conclusion, the comparison of the quality characteristics and antioxidant properties of black carrots indicated that the most appropriate cooking method is sous-vide method.

본 연구는 다류의 항산화 활성과 항산화 물질 함량에 대한 조사연구를 목적으로 하였다. 총 99건의 다류에 대하여 DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)의 자유라디칼소거에 대한 능력을 가지고 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 항산화 활성은 차 시료 100 g당 아스코르빈산 당량의 mg(L-아스코르빈산 동등한 항산화 능력, AEAC)과 1회 제공량당 mg(자유라디칼 소거활성, FSC50)으로 나타냈고 시료추출액에서의 폴리페놀 함량은 Folin-Ciocalteu법으로, 플라보노이드의 함량은 Davis변법으로 측정하였고 Vitamin C는 HPLC법으로 분석하였다. AEAC 값은 마테차, 녹차, 홍차, 헛개차, 국화차, 우엉차에서 상대적으로 높은 항산화 활성을 보였다. 폴리페놀 물질은 차에서 자연스럽게 발생하는 중요한 항산화 물질로 홍차, 녹차 그리고 마테차에서 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 플라보노이드는 마테차, 홍차 그리고 마차에서, Vitamin C는 유자차와 녹차에서 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 유형별로는 침출차가 고형차나 액상차보다 높은 항산화 활성을 나타냈다. 연구결과, 다류에는 폴리페놀 함량과 항산화 활성사이에는 높은 상관관계가 있었고 플라보노이드와 항산화 활성사이에는 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 즉, 다류의 항산화 활성은 폴리페놀에 의한 영향으로 확인되었다.

본 연구에서는 몇 가지 벼 품종(삼광, 미광, 칠보, 청해진미 및 조운)의 도정 부산물인 미강에 대한 추출 온도에 따른 70% 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 성분(polyphenol, flavonoid)과 항산화 활성(DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS radical 소거능, 환원력)을 비교?분석하여 기능적 가치를 평가함으로써 이용 가능성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 추출 온도에 따른 미강의 항산화 성분을 측정한 결과, 총 polyphenol 함량에서는 추출 온도가 높을수록 다소 증가하는 경향을 나타낸 반면, 총 flavonoid 함량은 추출 온도에 따른 차이는 보이지 않았다. 항산화 활성측정 결과, DPPH radical 소거능을 제외한 총 항산화력(ABTS radical 소거능)과 환원력은 온도가 높아짐에 따라 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 조사되어진 품종들의 미강 최적 추출조건은 청해진미로 25℃에서 추출하였을 경우에 가장 우수한 항산화 효과를 얻을 수가 있었다. 이에 본 연구결과를 토대로 최적의 기능성 성분을 활용할 수 있는 추출 온도를 제공함으로써 도정 부산물의 최적 추출조건 및 품종별 쌀의 기초 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

The current investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant activities, tyrosinase inhibitory effects on the fruiting bodies of P. ostreatus extracted with acetone, methanol and hot water. The antioxidant activities were performed on β-carotene-linoleic acid, reducing power, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, and ferrous chelating abilities. In addition to this, phenolic acid and flavonoids contents were also analyzed. Methanolic extract of P. ostreatus showed the strongest β-carotene-linoleic acid inhibition as compare to others exracts. At 8 mg/ml, acetonic extract showed a high reducing power of 1.54. The scavenging effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, acetonic extract was effective than other extracts. The strongest chelating effect (85.66%) was obtained from the acetonic extract at 1.0 mg/ml concentration. Antioxidant activities of the extracts from the fruiting bodies of P. ostreatus were increased with the increasing concentration. After application of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, coupled to a diode array detector and electrospray ionisation mass spectra, six phenolic compounds namely, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, naringenin, hesperetin, formononetin and biochanin were identified from acetonic extract. Tyrosinase inhibition of acetonic, methanolic, and hot water extracts of P. ostreatus were increased with the increasing of concentration. Results revealed that methanolic extract showed good, while acetonic and hot water extracts showed moderate activities of the tyrosinase inhibition at the concentration tested. This study suggests that fruiting bodies of P. ostreatus can potentially be used as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants.

Lentinus edodes is a popular edible mushroom in South-East Asia. This study was initiated to evaluate the antioxidant activities, tyrosinase inhibitory effects on the fruiting bodies of L. edodes extracted with acetone, methanol and hot water. The antioxidant activities were performed on β-carotene-linoleic acid, reducing power, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, and ferrous chelating abilities. In addition to this, phenolic acid and flavonoids contents were also analyzed. Methanolic extract of L. edodes showed the strongest β-carotene-linoleic acid inhibition as compare to others extracts. At 8 mg/ml, hot water extract showed a high reducing power of 0.96. The scavenging effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, acetonic extract was effective than other extracts. The strongest chelating effect (86.45%) was obtained from the acetonic extract at 1.0 mg/ml concentration. Antioxidant activities of the extracts from the fruiting bodies of L. edodes were increased with the increasing concentration. After application of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, coupled to a diode array detector and electrospray ionisation mass spectra, four phenolic compounds namely, naringenin, hesperetin, formononetin and biochanin were identified from acetonic extract. Tyrosinase inhibition of acetonic, methanolic, and hot water extracts of L. edodes were increased with the increasing of concentration. Results revealed that acetonic and methanolic extracts showed good, while hot water showed moderate activities of the tyrosinase inhibition at the concentration tested. This study suggests that fruiting bodies of L. edodes can potentially be used as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants.

Pleurotus eryngii, known as king oyster mushroom, has been widely used in nutritional and medicinal purposes. This study was initiated to screen the antioxidant activities, tyrosinase inhibitory effects on the fruiting bodies of P. eryngii extracted with acetone, methanol and hot water. The antioxidant activities were performed on β-carotene-linoleic acid, reducing power, 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging, and ferrous chelating abilities. In addition to this, phenolic acid and flavonoids contents were also analyzed. Methanolic and acetonic extracts of P. eryngii showed the strongest β-carotene-linoleic acid inhibition as compare to hot water extract. At 8 mg/ml, acetonic extract showed a high reducing power of 1.203. The scavenging effects on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, acetonic extract was effective than other extracts. The strongest chelating effect (88.10%) was obtained from the methanolic extract at 1.0 mg/ml concentration. Antioxidant activities of the extracts from the fruiting bodies of P. eryngii were increased with the increasing concentration. After application of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, coupled to a diode array detector and electrospray ionisation mass spectra, ten phenolic compounds namely, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, naringin, naringenin, hesperetin, formononetin and biochanin were identified from acetonic extract. Tyrosinase inhibition of acetonic, methanolic, and hot water extracts of P. eryngii were increased with the increasing of concentration. Results revealed that acetonic and methanolic extracts showed good, while hot water showed moderate activities of the tyrosinase inhibition at the concentration tested. This study suggests that fruiting bodies of P. eryngii can potentially be used as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants.

Acornic powder was extracted with methanol and ethylacetate to obtain a crude acornic compounds. And they were examined concerning their antioxidant activities for linoleic acid. The results were as follows: 1. Hydrogen donating activity for DPPH was higher in 100ppm acornic compound than 100ppm BHT and 100ppm α-tocopherol. 2. When the 100ppm acornic compound was added to linoleic acid, which was heated at 50℃ for 48 hours, antioxidant activities by POV and TBA was higher than that of 100ppm α-tocopherol, but the effect was almost the same as the 100ppm BHT. 3. Antioxiodant activity of acornic compound showed synergistic effect along with malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, alanine, arginine, histidine, lysine-HCl, galactose, maltose, glucose and sucrose. 4. Acornic compound inhibited peroxidation of linoleic acid induced by heavy metals.

Background : The Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an annual plant rich in phenolics compound and antioxidant activity. Particle size has an enormous effect on extraction of plant bioactive compound. Therefore, to evaluate the optimum particle size on extraction of bioactive compound from Kenaf was investigated. Methods and Results : Three kind of kenaf leaves; EF-1 and G-1 from Israel and Korea were collected in 2016 and the collected leaves were dried and pulverized are sorted by particle size. After adding 50 ㎖ of 100% ethanol per 0.5 ㎎ of the powder, the powder is extracted in an ultrasonic bath at 30℃ for 1 hour and then stirred for 1 hour at 250 rpm in the wise stirring. After extraction, the extract was filtered using filter paper. In the total polyphenol, flavonoid and antioxidant activity were higher in 100 to 200 ㎛ particle size of Gandae. On the other hand, phenolic compound, falvonoud and antioxidant were higher in 45 to 100 ㎛ particle size of EF-1 and G-1 Kenaf. Conclusion : Based on the results, the Israel varieties showed the best results compared to the Kenaf varieties of Korea. Among them, EF-1 had a particle size of 45 – 100 ㎛ Showed the higher antioxidant activity. It is believed that the smaller the particle size, the larger the specific surface area, which leads to an increase in the extraction efficiency of kenaf.

Background : Arctium lappa L., Compositae plant, has been consumed as a vegetable and beverage in China, Taiwan, and Japan for a long time. Several studies have reported for the burdock to include antioxidant activity, hepato-protective efficacy, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects, anti-microbial and antiviral activity. Thus, A. lappa is considered a promising plant for the treatment of chronic diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, and AIDS and due to the increasing evidence of functional compounds contributions over a variety of health beneficial properties the A. lappa has received increasing scientific interest. The primary aim of the present study was determined antioxidant activities and analysis of standard compound in A. lappa. Methods and Results : There were five different solvent conditions (100% water, 30% EtOH, 50% EtOH, 70% EtOH, 100% EtOH), extract in the room temperature. Comparatively, 70% EtOH extract showed higher values of DPPH radical scavenging activity than others. As the increasing of EtOH percentage contents, we confirmed increase total phenol and flavonoid contents. The 2,4-di-tert- butylphenol as standard compound was detected by HPLC analysis based on the calibration curve: equation : Y = 8.17e + 003X – 1.43e + 005, R2 = 0.996227. The amount of standard compounds were similar in all each different solvent conditions, but not detected in water extract. Conclusion : These results showed that A. lappa could be used as potential materials of antioxidant, and should be need more study.

Background : The Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an annual plant of African and Indian origin. and there are a lot of flavonoids in the leaves. To determine the most suitable method for extracting of Kenaf cosmetic ingredients, the data of changes in polyphenol, flavonoid contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities were analyzed, based on concentration of Extraction Methods. Methods and Results : 200 ㎖ of distilled water (100% ethanol in the case of ethanol extraction) was added to 20 g of the leaves of Kenaf; G-1 from Israel were collected in 2016 and the collected leaves were dried and pulverized, and five extraction methods were performed. The extraction method and conditions are as follows: pressurized high temperature extraction (AE: autoclave, 121 degrees, 15 minutes), ultrasonic extraction (UE: ultrasonic bath, 60 degree hot water, 1 hour), Hot water extraction (SE: spidulina mayina. 100 degrees 6 hours), Ethanol Extraction (EE: ethanol, spidulina mayina, 80 degrees 6 hours), room temperature stirring extraction (WSE: wise stirring, room temperature 250rpm 24 hours). After extraction, the mixture was filtered using a filter paper, and concentrated under reduced pressure at 40℃ for lyophilization. And diluted to 1,000 ppm with 80% ethanol. Conclusion : Based on the test results, EE method showed the highest results. In the case of using water as the solvent, the SE method showed the highest result. However, the results of the SE and AE methods are not significantly different from each other. Therefore, it is expected that if the extraction conditions of AE method are adjusted, the result of AE method will be higher than that of the SE method.

Suaeda japonica is a halophytic plant that lives in mudflat at intertidal zone of western and southern coastal areas of Korea. The seawater-living plants showed a purple color during their whole life. In contrast, freshwater-living plants displayed a green color in leaves. When seawater-living plants were transferred to potting soil, the purple color was gradually changed to green in the leaves. The extracted purple pigment compound exhibited typical characteristics of betacyanin that were represented by water solubility, pH- and temperature-dependent color changes, sensitivity to light, UV-Vis spectra, and gel electrophoretic migration pattern. The LC-MS analysis of the extracted pigment compound showed the presence of two major protonated molecular ions ([M+H]+) at m/z 651.1 and m/z 827.1. Antioxidant activity of the pigment compound was determined using stable free radical DPPH assay. It was found to have an antioxidant activity that is linearly increased in proportion to the reaction time for up to 30 min, and the activity was comparable to that of control BHA at 9.0 ㎎/㎖. The anticancer activity against several tumor cell lines was also examined following the MTT assay. The significant growth inhibitory effect was observed on two tumor cell lines, SW-156 (human kidney carcinoma) and HEC-1B (human endometrial adenocarcinoma). Probably, the pigment compound may function as an osmolyte to uphold halotolerant physiological processes in saline environment.

도시 아파트의 발코니와 빌딩옥상에서 상추, 래디시, 미니배추 등의 채소를 재배하여 비타민 C와 총페놀성 화합물 함량을 측정하였으며, 항산화활성을 재배장소별로 비교하였다. 아파트의 남향 발코니에서 재배한 채소는 외부 환경에 노출된 옥상 재배와 비슷한 생육정도를 보였으나, 일조량이 부족한 동향 발코니 재배 채소는 크기는 작으나 조직이 연해 샐러드용으로 활용하기에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 남향 발코니에서 30일 재배한 상추와 래디시의 비타민 C 함량은 각각 18.0 mg%과 27.9 mg%로서, 동향 발코니와 옥상 재배 채소보다 높게 나타났으나, 총페놀성 화합물 함량과 항산화활성은 옥상재배 채소보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 발코니에서 재배한 채소는 수확 후 바로 섭취함으로서 저장 및 유통에 따른 항산화물질의 손실을 줄일 수 있을 것이며, 발코니 공간은 봄부터 가을철 까지 다양한 채소를 재배할 수 있는 채소밭으로 활용 가능함을 확인하였다. 따라서 도시 아파트의 발코니에서 기능성 식용식물을 재배한다면 관상효과와 더불어 매일 신선한 무공해 채소를 공급하게 될 것이며, 본 연구 결과는 발코니 채소밭 보급을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.