생강의 기능성 소재화를 위해 흑생강을 제조함에 있어 숙성 조건 최적화를 위한 숙성 온도(75.0~90.0℃, X1)와 시간(18.0~72.0 hr, X2)을 독립변수로 하고 중심합성계획에 따른 11구간의 조건에서 제조된 흑생강의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성을 측정하였다. 흑생강의 수율은 모든 조건에서 60% 이상이었다. 흑생강의 명도와 황색도, 6-shogaol, 총 페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 숙성 온도가 높고 시간이 길어질수록 증가되는 경향이었다. 특히 흑생강의 6-shogaol, 총 페놀 함량 및 항산화 활성은 90℃에서 45 hr 숙성 시 최대값을 보였다. 반응표면분석법에 의한 흑생강의 제조 시 예측된 최적 조건은 89.97℃ 및 21.60 시간이었으며, 실측값은 예측값의 92.7~101.6%의 범위였다.

본 논문은 콘크리트 구조물 보강공법 중 하나인 CFRP 표면매립 긴장보강의 거동을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 CFRP 긴장재 및 긴장시스템을 개발하고 손상후 보강거동 및 충전재 유무에 따른 비부착 보강거동을 고찰하였다. 실험결과, 비부착 실험 체의 보강효과는 무보강 실험체보다 38% 증가하지만, 부착 실험체보다 17% 감소하였다. 손상된 콘크리트를 보강한 경우는 건전한 콘크리트의 보강효과와 유사했다. 정착장치와 부착된 CFRP 긴장재는 안정된 보강효과를 보였다.

Purpose: This study examines the effects of clinical nursing simulation education program based on problem-based learning (S-PBL) on clinical reasoning, confidence in handover reports, confidence in nursing performance, and simulation effectiveness in nursing students. Method: We used a one-group pretest-posttest design. The participants were 4th-year university nursing students who had taken a core clinical nursing practice, and 90 students participated in the S-PBL program. Data were collected before and after the S-PBL program and analyzed using descriptive statistics and paired t-tests. Results: The S-PBL program significantly increased clinical reasoning, confidence in handover reports, and confidence in nursing performance. More than 90% of students were satisfied with the education program and the simulation education effectiveness was 2.54 on a 3-point Likert scale. Conclusion: The S-PBL program could be useful in clinical nursing education for nursing students seeking to become clinical nurses. It is necessary to develop various S-PBL programs and apply them to the curriculum.

Korea has numerous astronomical resources, such as observational records, star maps, and a wealth of literature, covering the period from the Three Kingdoms (54 BC - 932 AD) to the Joseon Dynasty (1392 - 1910 AD). The research activities related to these resources have been limited to those by individual researchers. It is now necessary to conduct research by efficiently and systematically collecting and managing Korean astronomical records using an accessible Web environment. The purpose of this study is to complete a system that enables researchers systematically to collect and verify a large number of historical records related to astronomical phenomena in a Web environment. In 2017, a preliminary survey was conducted, and the requirements pertaining to an implementation target system were devised. In addition, a joint development plan was carried out by the developer, lasting three months in 2018. Although the system is relatively simple, it is the first system to be attempted in the historical astronomy field. In order to proceed with the systematic development, the software development methodology is applied to the entire process from deriving the requirements of researchers to completing the system. The completed system is verified through integrated function and performance tests. The functional test is repeated while modifying and testing the system based on various test scenarios. The performance test uses a performance measurement test tool that takes measurements by setting up a virtual operation environment. The developed system is now in normal operation after a one-year trial period. Researchers who become authorized to use the system can use it to verify the accuracy of data and to suggest improvements. The collected feedback will be reflected in future systems, and Korean astronomical records will be available for use internationally through a multilingual service.

Purpose: This study compares the chest compression quality, and the willingness and confidence to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before and after education between the compression only CPR (COCPR) group and the standard CPR (STCPR) group using manikins. Method: This study employs a randomized controlled trial design. A total of 219 and 214 individuals were randomly assigned to the COCPR and STCPR groups, respectively. Both groups were asked to perform CPR for 2 min before and after education. The willingness and confidence to perform CPR were surveyed through a questionnaire. Results: Before education, the STCPR group had a significantly higher mean chest compression depth and accuracy than the COCPR group for the entire 2 min. After education, the STCPR group had a significantly higher mean chest compression depth for 2 min and higher compression accuracy for late 1 min than the COCPR group. However, no significant difference in the willingness and confidence to perform CPR according to the compression method was evident. Conclusion: Repeated training is required to maintain chest compression quality. CPR education improves willingness and confidence to perform CPR.

This study examined the physicochemical properties of radish pickle containing different natural preservatives (grapefruit seed extract, green tea extract, rosemary, or olive) stored for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The hardness and color of the radish pickles with the grapefruit seed extract was higher than the other radish pickles during storage from week 0 to week 4. A 14.52% and 13.80% decrease in hardness and color were observed in the radish pickles with grapefruit seed extract (GFE), respectively. In addition, the total phenolic content was highest in the GFE in natural preservatives. Based on the results, GFE was selected as the optimal natural preservatives, and the growth of total viable bacteria and yeast were evaluated. The total viable bacteria and yeast showed similar patterns to the control. These results are expected to be useful in producing radish pickles with optimal quality and contribute to the development of various foods in the food industry.

The most important thing to successfully restore an oak forest is finding suitable climatic conditions and topographic factors for the oak species to be introduced. In this study, in order to find suitable environmental conditions for the five dominant oak trees on the Korean Peninsula, we carried out analysing the information on the location of forest vegetation on the Korean Peninsula. The range of annual mean temperature of the five oak trees was narrow in the order of Q. mongolica (7.7~14.3°C), Q. variabilis (9.2~13.8°C), Q. acutissima (10.5~14.3°C), Q. serrata (11.4~13.7°C), Q. aliena (11.0~12.9°C). The range of annual precipitation of oaks was narrow in order of Q. mongolica (1072.7~1780.9 mm), Q. variablis (1066.6~1554.9 mm), Q. acustissima (1036.5~1504.8 mm), Q. serrata (1062.6~1504.7 mm). The range of altitude was in order of Q. mongolica (147~1388 m), Q. serrata (93~950 m), Q. variabilis (90~913 m), Q. acustissima (60~516 m), Q. aliena (55~465 m). The range of slope was in the order of Q. mongolica (8~56°), Q. variabilis (5~52°), Q. serrata (11~45°), Q. aliena (15~38°), Q. acustissima (16~37°). These results are considered to be very useful in the case of ecological restoration using deciduous oak trees on the Korean Peninsula.

This study investigated 180 students’ indoor environmental awareness of rest spaces and measured the indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM10, TVOCs, and HCHO in 8 rest spaces from October 2019. 89.4% of the students responded that they use rest spaces at least once a day and most of the respondents are using rest spaces in the university. The largest number of students responded to the tight space as the main cause of air pollution in rest spaces. 62.1% of the students answered they experienced health symptoms from using rest spaces. Among them, 32.5% said they experienced irritation symptoms of eyes, neck, nose, and 12.1% answered that they experienced headaches. Indoor PM10, TVOCs, and HCHO levels did not exceed indoor air quality recommendations nor the maintenance standard for multi-use facilities. Indoor PM10, TVOCs, and HCHO levels did not exceed indoor air quality recommendations nor the maintenance standard for multi-use facilities. According to the type of rest space, concentrations of PM10, TVOCs, and HCHO were higher among the closed-type than open-type rest space. Even if the concentration of pollutants is less than the environmental standard, continuous exposure may cause negative health effects. In addition, considering that 62.1% of the respondents experienced health symptoms, it is deemed necessary to take measures to manage indoor environments in rest spaces and to develop measures to reduce pollutants.

In this study, the Bayesian state-space model was used for the stock assessment of the Blackfin flounder. In addition, effective measures for the resource management were presentedwith the analysis on the effectiveness of fisheries management plans. According to the result of the analysis using the Bayesian state-space model, the main biometric value of Blackfin flounder was analyzed as 1,985 tons for maximum sustainable yield (MSY), 23,930 tons for carrying capacity (K), 0.000007765 for catchability coefficient (q) and 0.31 for intrinsic growth (r). Also the evaluation on the biological effect of TAC was done. The result showed that the Blackfin flounder biomass will be kept at 14,637 tons 20 years later given the present TAC volume of 1,761 tons. If the Blackfin flounder TAC volume is set to 1,600 tons, the amount of biomass will increase to 16,252 tons in the future. Lastly, the biological effectiveness of the policy to reduce fishing effort was assessed. The result showed that the Blackfin flounder biomass will be maintained at 13,776 tons if the current fishing efforts (currently hp) level is set and maintained. If the fishing effort is reduced by 20%, it will increase to 17,091 tons in the future. The analysis on the economic effect of TAC showed that NPV will be the lowest at 1,486,410 won in 2038, 20 years after the establishment of 2,500 tons of TAC volume. If the TAC volume is set at 2,000 tons, NPV was estimated to be the highest at 2,206,522,000 won. In addition, the analysis on the economic effect of the policy to reduce the amount of fishing effort found that NPV will be 2,235,592,000 won in 2038, 20 years after maintaining the current level of fishing effort. If the fishing effort is increased by 10%, NPV will be the highest at 2,257,575 won even thoughthe amount of biomass will be reduced.

This study investigates the physicochemical and sensory properties of the soy-based patties using κ-carrageenan (CG) and methyl-cellulose (MC) as binders. Soy-based patties were prepared using 0%-2% of κ-carrageenan and methyl-cellulose in proportion, and the quality change of soy-based patties was measured by storing them at 4oC for 4 weeks. During the storage periods, the water holding capacity of ‘MC 1.5%+CG 0.5%’ showed high values. As the MC content increased, the weight loss and cooking loss tended to decrease, and both values increased significantly during the storage period. As the MC content increased, the lightness and redness tended to decreased. The hardness and chewiness of soy-based patties tended to increase as the MC content increased. During the storage period, the total aerobic bacteria and the coliforms tended to increase. The VBN content was showed 14.6-17.5 mg%/100g in first week, since then, the VBN content has continued to increase. As a result of sensory evaluation, the springiness, taste and overall acceptability of soy-based patties with ‘MC 1.5%+CG 0.5%’ and ‘MC 2.0%’ showed the highest value.

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of the microbiological contamination levels, pH, acidity, solid contents, total phenol contents, and color difference of cold-brew coffee products during 4 weeks at room and cold temperatures. The 17 sample coffees were purchased from regional cafes in Jeonju. Each coffee was self-blended by the cafes. Esherichia coli was not detected in all the samples, but bacteria were detected in 1 sample and yeast and molds were detected in 4 samples. Of the samples stored at room temperature (25oC) after 4 weeks, general bacteria were detected in 4 samples (3.0×101 cfu/ml-1.7×103 cfu/ml), and yeast and molds were detected in 11 samples (1.3×101 cfu/ml - 3.1×105 cfu/ml). In the case of the samples stored at cold temperature (4oC), general bacteria were detected in 3 samples, and yeast and molds were detected in 6 samples although the level of contamination was lower than that at room temperature. pH and acidity decreased during the storage period, but the total phenol content did not change. In the case of chromaticity, redness and yellowness tended to decrease.