The feathery branched green alga Bryopsis plumosa (Hudson) C. Agardh bloomed at Songji Beach, Haenam, Korea, in November 2022. A terrible stench was present on the beach, and the bottom was covered in a thick green mat of green algae. The alga was identified as B. plumosa, which is an opportunistic species currently distributed worldwide. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) were analyzed in the bloomed area and compared with those of other vicinities. The DIN and DIP concentrations were 1.067 and 0.461 mg L-1, respectively, which were 6 to 19 times higher than the average concentrations on southwest coasts, including Haenam. The B. plumosa bloom at Songji Beach in November 2022 appears to have depended on DIN and DIP concentrations in seawater. In this study, we report on the mass occurrence of B. plumosa, which appeared for the first time in Korea. This occurrence was found to be closely related to the concentration of nutrients in seawater. Therefore, it is necessary to manage the concentration of nutrients on land flowing into coastal waters to control green algal blooms such as Bryopsis.

The ecosystem provides a diverse array of environmental conditions for organisms, and only those that are capable of successfully adapting to these conditions within their habitats can endure, thrive, and proliferate. Further, the environmental conditions within these habitats can significantly affect the bioavailability of chemicals that are introduced therein, thus resulting in varied adverse impacts on the organisms. The present study aims to evaluate the sensitivity of Yuukianura szeptyckii - a species adapted to riparian - to heavy metals following ISO guideline 11276, with the objective of assessing its potential as an indicator species for ecotoxicological evaluations in riparian habitats. The findings revealed that cadmium and copper both had significant toxic effects depending on their concentrations. For cadmium, the LC50 was 280 mg kg-1, EC50 was 66 mg kg-1, and NOEC and LOEC were 25 and 50 mg kg-1, respectively. For copper, the LC50 was 911 mg kg-1, EC50 was 151 mg kg-1, and LOEC was 50 mg kg-1. Comparative analysis with previous results for the international standard species Folsomia candida and the domestic standard species Allonychiurus kimi indicated that Y. szeptyckii exhibited even greater sensitivity to toxicity values. The adverse effects on survival and reproduction were closely associated with the influx concentration of heavy metals in their bodies. Altogether, the results suggest that Y. szeptyckii is a sensitive species for ecotoxicological assessments in riparian habitats, thus making it suitable as an indicator species, particularly in riparian ecosystems that are characterized by relatively high humidity conditions.

살충제 저항성 목화진딧물 집단(완주, 춘천, 고성)에 대한 3종(afidopyropen, chlorfenapyr, cyantraniliprole) 약제별 감수성과 혼용에 따른 방제 효과를 평가하였다. 3개 야외집단에 대해서 3약제 모두100배 이상의 저항성비를 보였다. 혼합제의 협력작용을 평가하기 위해 반수치사농도(LC50) 을 이용한 조합지수(CI), %M(synergism), 연합독성계수(CTC), 와들리 비율(WR), 상승비율(SR)와 사충률을 이용한 아보트 비율(AR)로 비교하였 다. Afidopyropen + chlorfenapyr은 모든 야외집단에 대해서 살충활성의 증가를 보였고, chlorfenapyr + cyantraniliprole, afidopyropen + cayntraniliprole은 완주, 춘천 집단에 대해서 살충활성의 증가를 보였다. 그러나 chlorfenapyr + cyantraniliprole (CI, 1.63; %M(synergism), 30; CTC, 64.0; WR, 0.6, AR, 0.54)과 afidopyropen + cyantraniliprole (CI, 6.7; %M(synergism), 1; CTC, 19.8; WR, 0.2, AR ≤ 0.55)은 고성 집단에 서 길항작용을 나타내었다. 포장조건에서도 afidopyropen + chlorfenapyr, chlorfenapyr + cyantraniliprole, afidopyropen + cyantraniliprole 은 99% 이상의 높은 방제가를 보여 향후 살충제 저항성 목화진딧물 방제용 혼합제 개발에 유용하게 활용될 것이다.

The common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina), which is native to North America, started to be imported into South Korea as pets in the 1990s. The turtle was sold in supermarkets and pet shops nationwide at low prices such as 20 USD. These non-native turtles, with their large size and strong predatory nature, have been consistently discovered in the wild in South Korea beginning in 2014, and they were designated as an ecosystem-disturbing species (EDS) in October 2022. Until June 30, 2023, a collection system was implemented to reduce the abandonment problem of C. serpentina due to their designation as an EDS. In this study, we analyzed the impacts of the legal designation as an ecologically disturbing species and the collection system of C. serpentina on their abandonment and surrender. Our findings showed that designation as EDS did not affect the abandonment of C. serpentina. Meanwhile, the collection system led to cases of immediate surrender. Within 3 years of post-purchase, 41.8% of the turtles were surrendered, and 67.5% were surrendered when they reached 3 kg. Determining the impact of the legal designation as an EDS may be currently limited due to the difficulty of detecting C. serpentina in the wild. On the other hand, cases of surrender through the collection system are considered to be effective as they have been shown to reduce the abandonment of this newly designated ecosystem-disturbing species.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify and describe the experiences of new nurses trained by clinical nursing educators. Methods: Data were collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews conducted between July 27 and August 12, 2021. The collected data was qualitatively analyzed through content analysis. Results: Six themes and 19 subthemes emerged. The themes included: “Worried about not adjusting to work”, “Not feeling at ease with the preceptor”, “Experiencing the benefits of working with the clinical nurse educator”, “Getting practical support from the clinical nurse educator”, “Receiving mental and emotional support from the clinical nurse educator”, and “Appreciating successful adjustment”. Conclusion: This study confirmed the importance of the educator’s role in helping new nurses adjust to the workplace and develop competence.

복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)은 다식성으로 담배, 감자, 고추, 배추, 복숭아 등에 심각한 피해를 입히는 대표적인 농업해충이다. 본 연구에 서는 국내 복숭아혹진딧물 야외개체군의 λ-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid 및 flupyradifurone에 대한 약제 저항성 발달 수준과 점 돌연변이(R81T, L1014F, M918L)의 발생 여부를 확인하였다. 또한, qRT-PCR을 통해 사이토크롬 P450 유전자인 CYP6CY3 발현량을 확인하였다. 그 결과, λ -cyhalothrin은 저항성비(Resistance Ratio, RR)가 12개 모든 지역이 > 200으로 높은 저항성을 보였다. Imidacloprid와 flupyradifurone은 YS, UR, HY, 그리고 WJ 개체군에서 > 200의 저항성비로 높은 저항성을 나타냈다. R81T는 12개 집단 중 약 50%, L1014F는 약 33.3%, M918L은 100%에서 발현하였다. 또한 qRT-PCR을 통해 imidacloprid 저항성 개체에서 subunit CYP6CY3의 발현량이 높게 나타난 것을 확인하였다. 이러 한 결과는 M918L 점 돌연변이는 λ-cyhalothrin 저항성 진단마커로, R81T와 CYP6CY3의 높은 발현은 imidacloprid 저항성 진단마커로 활용이 가능하다는 것을 시사한다.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the in-depth experiences of participating in a parent education program at the H Science Institute and understand the meaning and essence of their experiences. Methods: This study employed qualitative content analysis. Data were collected from June 20 to 30, 2023. Participants were a total of 28 people who could provide detailed experiences of participation in the parent education program at the H Science Institute. Focus-group interviews were conducted with 28 participants. Results: The qualitative content analysis revealed six themes: “Exploring the genuine path to become a parent”, “Precious experiences acquired through education that is not easily accessible”, “Discovering the transformed self through education”, “I believe that there had been a change in family relationships”, “Improvements are required in a few contents”, and “I look forward to the program with more extended outreach”. Conclusion: Efforts are required to understand the current status of parent education, verify its empirical effectiveness, and provide parents with awareness of the necessity to observe and control their minds.

본 연구는 아로마 목걸이를 병용한 비대면 수면 프로그램이 불면증 대학생의 수면의 질, 주간졸 림증, 우울 및 스트레스에 미치는 효과를 확인하고자 비동등 대조군 전후 실험설계로 시도되었다. 대상자 는 경기도 S시 소재 E대학에 재학중인 대학생 가운데 불면증상을 호소하는 대상자에게 중재 전후에 자가 설문으로 구성된 수면의 질, 주간졸림증, 우울, 스트레스를 측정하였다. 아로마목걸이를 병용한 비대면 수 면 프로그램은 실험군(n=21)에게 주 1회, 총 6주 동안 적용하였으며 대조군(n=21)에게 수면책자를 제공하 였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 24.0 프로그램을 이용하여 기술통계, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Independent t-test를 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 수면의 질(t=-5.87, p<.001), 주간졸음(t=-4.28, p<.001), 우울(t=-4.40, p<.001)에서는 그룹 간 유의한 차이가 나타났으며 스트레스는 유의하지 않았다. 따라서 아로마목걸이를 병용한 비대면 수면 프로그램이 대학생의 수면의 질, 주간졸림증, 우울 증상을 감 소시키는데 유용한 간호중재법으로 활용 가능할 것을 기대된다.

생태계서비스란 자연생태계가 인간에게 주는 혜택을 통틀어 일컫는 용어이다. 생태계서비스를 정량화하기 위하여 다양한 모형이 개발되어 적용되고 있다. InVEST는 대표적인 생태계서비스 모형이며 그 중 서식지질 평가가 폭넓게 사용되고 있다. 우리나라에서는 국립공원을 대상으로 서식지질 평가가 실시되고 있다. 서식지질 평가를 위해서는 서식 지질 초기값으로 위협인자에 대한 민감도 평가가 이뤄져야 하는데, 이는 국가 및 적용분야에 따라 판이하다. 그래서 그동안 진행된 국립공원 서식지질 평가를 바탕으로 전문가 설문(AHP)을 실시하여 서식지질 초기값인 민감도의 기준을 조정하였다. AHP실시 결과 자연초지, 경지정리가 안된 밭 등 10개 항목이 상향조정되었으며, 하천, 호소 등 8개 항목이 하향조정되어 총 18개 항목이 조정되었다. 조정된 민감도 결과를 바탕으로 도시형인 북한산국립공원과 계룡산국립공 원, 사적형인 경주국립공원, 해상해안형인 한려해상국립공원 그리고 산악형인 지리산국립공원과 설악산국립공원을 대상지 서식지질 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 국립공원내 분포하는 시가화건조지역과 수역에 대한 부분이 서식지질 평가에 반영되었음을 알 수 있었다. 향후 이 기준을 이용하여 자연공원의 서식지질 평가가 가능할 것이다.

본 연구는 광주광역시에 유통·판매되고 있는 가금육을 대상으로 식중독 발생 가능성 높은 캠필로박터균의 검출 여부와 분리된 균주의 항생제 내성 및 유전적 특성을 조 사하였다. 전체 307건의 가금육(닭 223건, 오리84건) 중 111건에서 캠필로박터균이 검출(36.2%)되었고 116균주 (Campylobacter jejuni 102균주, Campylobacter coli 14균 주)를 분리하였다. 가금류별 캠필로박터균 검출률은 닭고 기 26.0%, 오리고기 63.1% 이었고, 5건(닭 1건, 오리 4 건)의 시료에서 Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli 가 동시에 검출되었다. 분리된 균주의 항생제 내성 시험 결과 99균주(85.3%)는 1가지 이상의 항생제에 대하여 내 성을 보였다. 그 중 ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid에 내성 을 보이는 균주가 각각 98균주(84.5%), 96균주(82.8%)로 가장 많았고, 그 외에 tetracycline (44.0%), gentamicin (2.6%)에 내성을 나타냈다. 분리된 균주의 혈청형 확인 결과, HS2형 20균주, HS15형 11균주, HS19형 9균주, HS8 형 8균주 등이 확인 되었고, HS42형, HS6형, HS53형, HS4A형, HS5형, HS18형, HS12형, HS27형 그리고 HS37 형이 확인 되었다. 따라서 조리 가공 시 교차오염이 발 생하지 않도록 조리기구 등에 대한 위생적 관리와 충분 한 가열 조리 등의 식중독 예방을 위한 주의가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

Food is essential for sustenance and reflects a country’s identity, making it crucial to identify the cultural needs for effectively localizing Korean food. This study surveyed 825 adults from four continents (eight countries) to examine their preferences, familiarity, and attitudes toward Korean food. Significant correlations(p< .001) were found between the familiarity and preference for Korean food, with variations observed across continents. Among the representative Korean food items, the average preference score was 4.67, and the purchase/recommendation intention score was 4.88. Seven items received above-average ratings (e.g., gogi-deopbap and kimchi-bokkeumbap), while some items showed high liking but low purchase/recommendation intention (e.g. dak-jjim and galbi-jjim). In addition, items such as gimbap and tteokbokki had high purchase/recommendation intention but low liking, and kimchi and vegetable foods etc. received low liking and purchase/recommendation intentions. In terms of the preferred meat according to the cooking method and seasoning, beef respondents preferred grilled · stir-fried and soup·stew·hot pot cooking methods, while pork or chicken respondents preferred grilled · stir-fried and frying methods. Soy sauce was the most preferred seasoning for all meat responses, followed by red pepper paste. These research findings provide fundamental data for developing Korean food products, segmented by continent.

본 연구의 목적은 간호대학생의 성격 5요인과 그릿이 학업소진에 미치는 영향요인을 확인하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 대상자는 S시 소재 E대학 간호학과에 재학 중인 간호대학생 285명으로 2023년 4월 11일부터 2023년 6월 13일까지 자가보고형 설문지를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 29.0 프로그램을 이용하여 descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, multiple regression 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 학업소진은 그릿(r=-.425, p<.001), 친화성 성격 (r=-.330, p<.001)과 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 반면, 신경증 성격과는 양의 상관관계를 보였다(r=.384, p<.001). 간호대학생의 학업소진에 두 가지 성격 요인(신경증, 친화성), 전공만족도, 그릿이 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 간호대학생의 성격 5 요인을 활용하여 학업소진을 예방할 수 있는 상담법 개발과 전공만족도와 그릿을 높이고 학업소진을 감소시킬 수 있는 프로그램 개발이 필요하다.

본 연구는 일회성 발목가동성 운동프로그램이 만성적인 발목불안정성(CAI)에 나타나는 발목가 동범위와 통증 수준에 미치는 영향을 확인하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 대상자는 발목불안정성 설문지 검사에 서 좌, 우측 평균 점수가 24점 이하인 성인여성 20명을 선정 하였으며 집단은 일회성 발목 가동성 운동프 로그램 집단(Ankle mobility exercise program, AE, n=10)과 대조군(CON, n=10)으로 구분하였다. AE 처 치는 일회성 운동에 대한 반응을 확인하기 위해 좌·우측 발목을 각각 1회(20분) 실시하였으며 처치 전후 발목불안정성 검사, 통증 및 발목가동범위를 확인하였다. 먼저 AE 프로그램을 실시한 AE 집단의 통증 수 준은 사전과 비교하여 사후 유의하게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다(p<.01). 또한 AE 프로그램 처치한 AE 집 단에서 배측굴곡이 사전과 비교하여 증가하는 것으로 나타났다(p<.05). 이러한 결과를 종합해 보면 일회성 발목 가동성 운동 프로그램은 CAI에서 나타나는 발목 통증과 발목의 가동범위를 개선시켜 결과적으로 발 목 불안정성을 완화시킬 수 있는 효과적인 운동 중재 방법이라고 생각된다.

In alignment with South Korea's “3020 Renewable Energy Expansion Plan,” this study focuses on the developing large-scale floating wind turbines. It addresses the challenges of increased size and cost in floating structures for wind turbines over 10MW. This paper details the preliminary design of a novel floating substructure utilizing composite materials(ie, EVA). Structural analysis was performed using ABAQUS, accounting for both typical and extreme wind conditions. Results from the analysis validate that the substructure design is adequately feasible for implementation.

This study investigated quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of beetroots after blanching. Beetroots were blanched in distilled water, 2% NaCl water, and 2% citric acid water at 100°C for 3 minutes (the blanched group). The moisture content was highest in the control (CON) at 91.30% (p<0.05), and cooking loss was lowest in the water-blanched beetroot (BW) at 5.39% (p<0.01). Chromaticity decreased after blanching compared to CON (p<0.001). Total polyphenol contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) decreased after blanching, and as a result of comparing the True retention (TR) of the blanching treatment group, BW had the highest with TPC TR 91.22% and TFC TR 70.51%. DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging activities were highest in the CON, and in the blanching group BW was highest scavenging activity. The total number of microorganisms in the CON group was 2.97 log CFU/g, whereas no microorganisms were detected in the blanched groups. Therefore, this study, blanching in water without additives is the most appropriate method for preserving physiologically active substances and nutrients in beetroots and inhibiting microbial growth.

Organoleptic parameters such as color, odor, and flavor influence consumer perception of drinking water quality. This study aims to evaluate the taste of the selected bottled and tap water samples using an electronic tongue (E-tongue) instead of a sensory test. Bottled and tap water's mineral components are related to the overall preference for water taste. Contrary to the sensory test, the potentiometric E-tongue method presented in this study distinguishes taste by measuring the mineral components in water, and the data obtained can be statistically analyzed. Eleven bottled water products from various brands and one tap water from I city in Korea were evaluated. The E-tongue data were statistically analyzed using multivariate statistical tools such as hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results show that the E-tongue method can clearly distinguish taste discrimination in drinking water differing in water quality based on the ion-related water quality parameters. The water quality parameters that affect taste discrimination were found to be total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sulfate (SO4 2-), chloride (Cl-), potassium (K+) and pH. The distance calculation of HCA was used to quantify the differences between 12 different types of drinking water. The proposed E-tongue method is a practical tool to quantitatively evaluate the differences between samples in water quality items related to the ionic components. It can be helpful in quality control of drinking water.

Currently, there is no definitive regulation for the appropriate frequency of data sampling in water distribution networks, yet it plays a crucial role in the efficient operation of these systems. This study proposes a new methodology for determining the optimal frequency of data acquisition in water distribution networks. Based on the decomposition of signals using harmonic series, this methodology has been validated using actual data from water distribution networks. By analyzing 12 types of data collected from two points, it was demonstrated that utilizing the factors and cumulative periodograms of harmonic series enables similar accuracy at lower data acquisition frequencies compared to the original signals.

Water utilities are making various efforts to reduce water losses from water networks, and an essential part of them is to recognize the moment when a pipe burst occurs during operation quickly. Several physics-based methods and data-driven analysis are applied using real-time flow and pressure data measured through a SCADA system or smart meters, and methodologies based on machining learning are currently widely studied. Water utilities should apply various approaches together to increase pipe burst detection. The most intuitive and explainable water balance method and its procedure were presented in this study, and the applicability and detection performance were evaluated by applying this approach to water supply pipelines. Based on these results, water utilities can establish a mass balance-based pipe burst detection system, give a guideline for installing new flow meters, and set the detection parameters with expected performance. The performance of the water balance analysis method is affected by the water network operation conditions, the characteristics of the installed flow meter, and event data, so there is a limit to the general use of the results in all sites. Therefore, water utilities should accumulate experience by applying the water balance method in more fields.