The Republic of Korea reclaimed land to increase its food self-sufficiency rate, but the yield was reduced due to abnormal climate. In this study, it was hypothesized that rapid and continuous monitoring technology could help improve yield. Using the vegetation index (VI) analysis, the drought stress index was calculated and the drought stress for corn grown in Hwaong, Saemangeum, and Yeongsan River reclaimed tidal land was predicted according to drying treatment. The vegetation index of corn did not decrease during the last 20 days of irrigation when soil moisture rapidly decreased, but decreased rapidly during the 20 days after irrigation. The reduction rate of the vegetation index according to the drying treatment was in the order of Saemangeum>Yeongsan River>Hwaong reclaimed tidal land, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) decreased by approximately 50% in all reclaimed tidal lands, confirming that drought stress occurred due to the decrease in moisture content of the leaves. In addition, structure pigment chlorophyll index (SIPI) and photochemical reflectance index (PRI), which are calculated based on changes in light use efficiency and carotenoids, were reduced; drought stress caused a decrease in light use efficiency and an increase in carotenoid content. Therefore, vegetation index analysis was confirmed to be effective in evaluating and predicting drought stress in corn growing on reclaimed tidal land corn.

Hypochaeris radicata, native to Europe and Eurasia, is a perennial plant of the Asteraceae family. In Korea, H. radicata was reported in 1992, mainly in Jeju Island, and gradually spreading to the inland. It overwinters in the form of a rosette and blooms yellow flowers from May to June. H. radicata propagates by seeds and rhizomes. The germination temperature of the seed is 15/20°C (day/night), and the rhizome forms a new plant at a depth of 2-3 cm in the soil. The roots of H. radicata secrete allelochemicals that inhibit the development of other plants. Some use it as a salad or forage substitute but to a limited extent. However, extensive research on ampicillin contained in H. radicata has been conducted, and its anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects have been recognized. There are only a few methods to manage H. radicata both culturally and physically. In orchards, soil treatments such as oxyfluorfen and diclobenil, or nonselective foliar treatments such as glufosinate-ammonium and glyphosate are used. Notably, there are no known biological control agents.

This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the potential impact of deforestation and forest restoration on carbon storage in North Korea until 2050, employing rigorous analyses of trends of land use change in the past periods and projecting future land use change scenarios. We utilized the CA-Markov model, which can reflect spatial trends in land use changes, and verified the impact of forest restoration strategies on carbon storage by creating land use change scenarios (reforestation and non-reforestation). We employed two distinct periods of land use maps (2000 to 2010 and 2010 to 2020). To verify the overall terrestrial carbon storage in North Korea, our evaluation included estimations of carbon storage for various elements such as above-ground, below-ground, soil, and debris (including litters) for settlement, forest, cultivated, grass, and bare areas. Our results demonstrated that effective forest restoration strategies in North Korea have the potential to increase carbon storage by 4.4% by the year 2050, relative to the carbon storage observed in 2020. In contrast, if deforestation continues without forest restoration efforts, we predict a concerning decrease in carbon storage by 11.5% by the year 2050, compared to the levels in 2020. Our findings underscore the significance of prioritizing and continuing forest restoration efforts to effectively increase carbon storage in North Korea. Furthermore, the implications presented in this study are expected to be used in the formulation and implementation of long-term forest restoration strategies in North Korea, while fostering international cooperation towards this common environmental goal.

본 연구는 SNS 계정으로 화장품 브랜드를 구독하고 있는 10대에서 50대 남녀의 지각된 연령을 기준으로 소비자-브랜드 상호작용과 관계가 구매동기와 만족도에 미치는 영향력을 분석하기 위해 설문 조 사를 하였다. 수집된 자료의 통계처리는 SPSS 21.0로 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 회귀분석, 다중회귀 분석을 하였다. 조사대상자들의 지각된 연령을 타인이 지각한 연령과 스스로 지각한 연령의 차이에 따라 ‘지각된 저집단’, ‘지각된 중집단’, ‘지각된 고집단’으로 분류하였다. 세 집단은 소비자-브랜드 상호작용과 소비자-브랜드 관계는 구매동기와 유의미한 정의 관계가 나타났고, 소비자-브랜드 관계는 구매동기 중에 서도 ‘매력적’을 설명하는 주요 변수로 나타났다. 세 집단은 소비자-브랜드 상호작용과 소비자-브랜드 관 계는 만족도와 유의미한 정의 관계가 나타났고, 소비자-브랜드 관계는 만족도를 설명하는 주요 변수로 나 타났다. 그러므로, 본 연구의 결론은 지각된 연령집단별, 소비자-브랜드 상호작용과 소비자-브랜드 관계가 구매동기와 만족도에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 소비자-브랜드 관계는 화장품 구매동기 와 만족도에 주요한 변수가 된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 SNS에서 지각된 연령이 화장품 브랜드 마케팅에 미치는 영향력을 실증적으로 분석함에 따라, 화장품 판매전략을 수립할 수 있는 실무적 시사점 및 마케팅에 활용될 수 있는 기초자료가 될 것으로 사료된다.

스트레스 자극에 대한 심혈관계 및 교감신경계 과활성화 반응은 향후 심혈관계 질환 발생 및 심장 돌연사의 위험을 증가시킨다. 음악 청취는 자율신경계 기능을 향상시켜 안정 시 긴장 이완을 유도하 는 것으로 알려져 있으나 음악이 스트레스 상황에서의 과도한 심혈관 반응을 완화 시킬 수 있는지에 대한 연구는 부족하다. 본 연구는 음악청취가 스트레스 자극에 대한 심혈관 반응성을 완화시켜 줄 수 있을지 검 증하였다. 15명의 건강한 성인(남자 9명, 여성 6명)을 대상으로 무작위 교차 실험 설계로 진행하였다. 음악 처치는 음악을 30분간 청취하였고 통제 처치는 30분간 휴식을 취하였다. 냉압박 검사로 교감신경계를 자극 하였으며, 변인으로 심박수, 상완 및 중심동맥 혈압과 심박변이도(heart rate variability)를 측정하였다. 연 구 결과, 음악 처치와 통제 처치 모두 냉압박 검사 중 심박수와 혈압 반응이 유의하게 증가하였으나(p < .001), 처치와 시기 간 상호작용 효과는 유의하지 않았다. 회복 구간에서 상완동맥 수축기혈압이 음악처치 그룹에서만 유의하게 감소하였다(p = 0.008). 나머지 혈압 변인들도 음악중재 그룹에서 더 완화되는 경향이 나타났으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 심박변이도는 음악 처치 전후로 음악 처치 그룹에서만 SDNN(standard deviation of the NN intervals), TP(total power)와 HF(high frequency)값이 유의하게 증 가하였다(p = 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.011). 따라서 음악 청취는 스트레스 이후의 회복력을 촉진시킬 가능 성이 있다. 음악 처치의 구체적인 변인들을 고려하여 과도한 심혈관 반응에 대한 보호 효과로서의 음악 청 취에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

In this paper, the key assembly of the recently developed light machine gun-Ⅱ sighting device was identified as prone to experiencing horizontal noise caused by unstable voltage fluctuations under high-temperature conditions during the defense environmental stress screening test. The primary objective ot this study is to address the issue of horizontal noise through circuit analysis and device parameter tuning, aiming to eliminate its presence.

본 연구에서는 소형선박용 중·고속 디젤엔진에 적용하여 연구 중인 SCR+DPF 기술을 저속엔진이 설치된 선박에 탑재하여 해상 실증 시험을 수행하였다. 대상 선박(총 톤수 2,881 톤, 정격출력 1,470kW@240rpm ×1)은 국내 연해를 운항하는 일반화물선으로 배출저감설 비의 선박 탑재를 위해 도면 개발, 승인 및 선박 임시검사를 수행하였다. 저감성능 확인을 위해서 가스상물질 측정장비는 NOx technical code 및 ISO-8178의 분석방법을 준용하는 장비를 사용하였으며, 입자상물질 측정장비는 국제해사기구(IMO)에서 논의하고 있는 블랙카본 측정 방법 중 하나인 스모크미터를 사용하였다. 시험은 황 함유량 따라 MGO(0.043%), LSFO(0.42%) 2종의 연료를 사용하였으며 실제 운항 하는 엔진회전수(130, 160 및 180 rpm)를 고려하여 시험 조건을 설정하였다. 시험 조건에 따라 배출저감설비의 전·후단에서 가스상 및 입 자상(매연) 물질을 측정하여 배출저감설비의 저감효율을 확인하였으며 모든 시험 조건에서 NOx의 경우 90% 이상, 입자상물질(매연)의 경우 95% 이상의 저감효율을 확인하였고 엔진 성능의 영향을 줄 수 있는 배기가스 압력은 허용배압 기준인 50mbar 이하를 만족하였다. 본 연구를 통해 해상실증 연구의 중요성과 중소형 저속엔진 선박의 질소산화물 및 입자상물질의 동시 저감을 위한 대응 기술로 SCR+DPF 설비 적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

Inorganic-organic composites find extensive application in various fields, including electronic devices and light-emitting diodes. Notably, encapsulation technologies are employed to shield electronic devices (such as printed circuit boards and batteries) from stress and moisture exposure while maintaining electrical insulation. Polymer composites can be used as encapsulation materials because of their controllable mechanical and electrical properties. In this study, we propose a polymer composite that provides good electrical insulation and enhanced mechanical properties. This is achieved by using aluminum borate nanowhiskers (ABOw), which are fabricated using a facile synthesis method. The ABOw fillers are created via a hydrothermal method using aluminum chloride and boric acid. We confirm that the synthesis occurs in various morphologies based on the molar ratio. Specifically, nanowhiskers are synthesized at a molar ratio of 1:3 and used as fillers in the composite. The fabricated ABOw/epoxy composites exhibit a 48.5% enhancement in mechanical properties, similar to those of pure epoxy, while maintaining good electrical insulation.

The purpose of this study was to analyse factors related to Home Meal Replacement (HMR) use among university students and to determine the dietary quality according to its consumption. A survey on the consumption of HMR and Nutrition Quotient (NQ) was conducted from September to November 2021. The study included 232 university students (88 males, 144 females) from Chungcheong. The proportion of consumption at least once a week was 71.55% for ready-to-eat foods, 55.60% for ready-to-cook foods, 40.95% for fresh-cut products, and 21.12% for meal-kits. The preference ratings were as follows: ready-to-eat foods, 3.77 out of 5 points, meal-kits, 3.53 points, fresh-cut products, 3.52 points, and ready-to-cook foods, 3.45 points. In terms of satisfaction, convenience (4.06 out of 5 points), taste (3.71 points), variety (3.67 points), and food hygiene (3.62 points) were rated the highest. The scores in the moderation NQ were significantly lower in the groups that consumed ready-to-eat foods (p=0.0002), ready-to-cook foods (p=0.0002), and meal-kits (p=0.0068) at least once a week compared to the groups that consumed them less than once a week. In conclusion, the results will serve as basic data for nutrition education for proper consumption of HMR among university students.

Food upcycling has emerged as an effective approach to sustainably utilize the food waste generated within the food supply chain. This review article examines upcycled food with respect to its definition, consumers’ knowledge and perception on it, and the process by which by-products from the food supply chain are utilized for the creation of upcycled food products. The definition of upcycled food varied among manufacturers, research institutions, and the Upcycled Food Association, depending on the specific values and objectives of each sector. This has resulted in the use of different keywords to highlight the distinctive characteristics of their respective interpretations of upcycled food. This review also summarizes the various consumer traits that can influence the awareness and acceptance of upcycled food, encompassing functional, empirical and emotional, symbolic and self-expressive, and economic benefits. Additionally, the review presents strategies to utilize by-products produced in large quantities in Korea, while also addressing the control of hazardous components to ensure biological or chemical safety and the changes in nutritional value that may occur during the utilization of these byproducts.

Polyethersulfone (PES)은 친수성과 상분리법의 용이성 덕분에 수처리 및 정제 분야에서 정밀여과 및 한외여과막 소재로 일반적으로 사용된다. 그러나, 비용매 유도 상분리법으로 제조된 PES 분리막, 특히 지지체가 없는 여과막의 경우 도 프의 조성과 기재의 특성에 따라 여과막 하부에 낮은 기공도를 갖는 치밀층이 형성되기 쉽고, 이러한 치밀층으로 인해 수투 과 저항이 증가하고 오염물질의 쌓임에 의한 막오염이 일어난다. 본 연구에서는 PES 여과막 제조 시 상전이 과정의 수축으 로 인해 분리막 하부에 물이 침투하여 치밀층을 형성, 심각한 막오염을 유발할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 동일한 선택층을 갖는 PES 여과막을 단일층 및 이중층 캐스팅법으로 각각 제조하여 하부 치밀층이 여과막의 투과성능 및 막오염에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 하부 치밀층이 없는 이중층 캐스팅된 여과막은 기존 여과막 대비 높은 투과성능 및 막오염에 대한 저항 성을 보였으며, 이를 통해 다공성 여과막의 내오염성을 향상시키기 위한 표면 기공도 및 기공 구조 등 물리적 구조의 최적화 가 중요함을 확인하였다.

Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI), or Pricky Pear Cactus, is effective in cough, fever, pain and anti-inflammatory action, and asthma. This study aims to investigate the effect of OFI stem extract on the respiratory system of animal models induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and fine dust (PM10) and to analyze the indicator substances of OFI stem extract. In the OFI stem 50% ethanol extract (OFI-50E) administration group, the number of immune cells and inflammatory cytokines in the lungs and BAL decreased to a similar level to the positive control group administered with dexamethasone. In addition, OVA-specific IgE and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) were significantly reduced. Also, the deposition of PM10 observed through staining of lung tissue was clearly reduced in the OFI-50E 200 mg/kg administration group. The anti-inflammatory mechanism in the lung was found to obstruct the production of inflammatory cytokines by impeding the NF-kB and MAPK pathways through the inhibition of IRAK-1 active cells. The main component of OFI stem 50% ethanol extract was identified to be narcissin. According to the study results, OFI is expected to be a respiratory health functional food.

The cutting process, which is a key processing technology in various industrial fields is achieving continuous growth, and the demand for high-quality cutting surfaces is continuously demanded. Plasma cutting continues to be studied for its excellent workability and productivity, but problems with cutting surface quality such as dross formation occur, so research to secure excellent cutting surface quality through appropriate control of process variables is essential. In this study, we propose a method for predicting surface roughness using real-time current and cutting speed data obtained while performing plasma cutting on A106 B steel pipe. Surface roughness was predicted based on the RBF algorithm applicable to prediction and control models. It was shown that the surface roughness of the plasma cutting surface can be predicted with the arc current waveform and process speed data. This study can be used as a basic study to control the surface roughness of the cut surface in real time.

In this study, we investigated the effect of the extracts of Cyrtomium fortunei J.Sm. (CFJ) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation in mouse BV-2 microglial cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production and cell viability were measured using the Griess reagent and the (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) (MTT) assay. Inflammatory cytokines were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in BV-2 microglial cells with and without CFJ extracts. Subsequently, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and antioxidant markers were assessed by western blot analysis. It was found that the CFJ extract significantly decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-, and IL-1) and NO in BV-2 microglial cells that were stimulated with LPS. In addition, the expression levels of the phosphorylation of the MAPK family (p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinases [JNK], and extracellularsignal regulated kinase [ERK]) were reduced by CFJ. Also, treatment with CFJ significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase type 1(SOD1) and Catalase in BV-2 microglial cells. Our results indicate that CFJ has a potent suppressive effect on the pro-inflammatory responses of activated BV-2 microglia. Therefore, CFJ has the potential to be an effective treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, as it can inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators in activated BV-2 microglial cells.

Some plant pathogenic bacteria species are environmentally high-risk organisms that have a negative impact on agricultural production. Experiments with these pathogens in a biosafety laboratory require safety protocols to prevent contamination from these pathogens. In this work, we investigated the efficacy of using UV-C irradiation for the purpose of sterilizing an important plant pathogenic bacterium, Erwinia pyrifoliae, in a laboratory setting. For the test, the pathogen (1.71 × 108 CFU/ml) was inoculated on the surface of Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and the inoculated media were placed on a work surface in a biosafety cabinet (Class 2 Type A1) as well as on three different surfaces located within the laboratory: a laboratory bench, a laboratory bench shelf, and the floor. All the surfaces where the media were placed were in range of the UV-C beam projected by the UV lamp installed in the ceiling of the BSL 2 Class biosafety laboratory. Measurements of the reduction rate of bacteria under UV-C irradiation were conducted at different time intervals: after 10 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours, respectively. The reduction rate of bacteria ranged from 90% to 99% after 10min irradiation, from 97.8% to 100% after 30 minutes of irradiation, from 99.1% to 100% after 1 hour of irradiation, and from 99.99% to 100% after 2 hours of irradiation. After 3 hours of irradiation, the pathogen was completely killed in all the test conditions. In the cases of the laboratory bench and the shelf of the laboratory bench, the effectiveness of UV-C irradiation differed slightly between the site where the bacteria located vertically under the lamp and the site where the bacteria were located 1 meter away horizontally from the site under of the lamp.