주로 누에사육을 위한 사료 생산용으로 이용되던 뽕나무의 용도가 다양화 되면 서, 부산물로 이용되어 온 오디의 수요가 크게 늘어나 새로운 소득작목으로 정착되 어 가고 있다. 그러나, 오디수확은 결실되기 시작하여 15~20일간의 짧은 기간에 수확이 완료 되기 때문에 수확시 가장 많은 노력이 집중되므로, 수확능률을 높일 수 있는 방법 개발이 필요하다. 또한, 오디 생산시 노동력 부족 등으로 수확이 지연되거나, 바람 등에 많이 발생하는 낙과 오디를 수집 활용할 수 있는 방법 개발이 필요하다. 이에, 농촌진흥청 잠사양봉소재과에서는 오디를 효율적으로 수확할 수 있는 기 술을 지속적으로 개발하여 왔다. ‘09년 낙과되어 버려지는 오디를 수집활용하기 위하여, 낙과 수집 및 오디 수확 장치를 개발하여, 영농활용으로 채택되었으며, ’12년 신기술 시범사업으로 보급을 하였다. 총 결실량의 26.8%에 해당하는 낙과되어 버려지는 오디를 수집활용할 수 있으며, 수확노력을 관행 대비 34% 줄일 수 있다. 이 기술은 낮추만들기 수형의 뽕나무 재배시 활용할 수 있는 기술이다. ‘11년에는 중간만들기 수형의 뽕밭에서 활용할 수 있는 오디 수확기술을 개발하 였으며, 영농활용으로 채택되었다. 이 기술은 낙과되어 버려지는 오디 19.9%를 수 집, 활용할 수 있고, 수확노력을 관행대비 40% 절감할 수 있는 기술이다.

주로 누에사육을 위한 사료 생산용으로 이용되던 뽕나무의 용도가 다양화 되면 서, 부산물로 이용되어 온 오디의 수요가 크게 늘어나 새로운 소득작목으로 정착되 어 가고 있다. 오디를 수확하기 위한 품종은 오디의 크기가 크고, 수량성이 높으며, 결실이 빠른 품종이 유리하다. 농촌진흥청 잠사양봉소재과에서는 조기결실 되는 새로운 오디 생산용 뽕 품종 ‘대심’을 육성하였으며, 이 품종의 육성 경위와 특성은 아래와 같다. 1. ‘04-’10년까지 4개 지역에서 지적시험을 거쳤으며, 오디용으로 우수성이 인정 되어 2012년 ‘상베리’로 보호출원 하였으며, 추후 ‘대심’으로 변경되었다. 2. ‘대심’은 국립농업과학원 농업생물부 잠사양봉소재과에서 보존중인 카타네오 를 모본으로 하여 콜히친 처리를 하여 4배체로 육성한 품종이다. 3. ‘대심’은 백상형(Morus alba L.)에 속하는 자웅 동주이며, 발아개엽기는 청일뽕과 비슷한 직립성의 중생종으로, 10a당 오디수량은 4개지역 평균 청일뽕 대비결실 1년차에는 116% 증수되는 되며, 결실 4년 평균수량은 70% 증수되는 다수성계이다. 5. 4년 평균 단과중은 4.8g의 대과형이며, 평균 당도는 10.5°Brix로, 청일뽕 오디보다 낮으며, 오디 색은 흑자색이다. 6. 오디 안정생산에 문제가 되고 있는 오디 균핵병 발병률은 4년 평균 6.2%로 청일뽕 3.3%보다 높아 오디균핵병에는 약한 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal mixing conditions for three different amounts of mulberry juice, sugar, and agar powder for Yanggaeng prepared with mulberry juice. The experiment was designed according to the central composite design for estimating the response surface, which demonstrated 16 experimental points including 2 replicates for mulberry juice, sugar and agar powder each?? The mechanical and sensory properties of test materials were measured, and these values were applied to the mathematical models. A canonical form and perturbation plot showed the influence of each ingredient on the final product mixture. Measurement results of the mechanical properties showed a significant increase or decrease?? in pH, sugar content, water content, viscosity, l-value, a-value, b-value, hardness, springiness, chewiness, gumminess, cohesiveness. Also the sensory measurements showed a significant improvement?? in appearance, flavor, color, sweetness, texture, overall quality. As a result, the optimum formulation by numerical and graphical methods was calculated as mulberry juice 41.99 g, sugar 90.00 g, agar powder 3.18 g.

This study investigated the effects of mulberry fruit extract on antioxidant activities and the alleviation of an alcoholinduced hangover, which was measured with alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) enzyme activity. The antioxidative capacity of each mulberry extract was measured by total phenolic compounds, electron donating ability, superoxide dismutase-like ability, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and nitrite scavenging ability. The 60% methanol extract yielded the highest total phenolic compounds. The electron donating ability of the 40% ethanol and 40% methanol extracts were 68% and 67%, respectively. The superoxide dismutase-like abilities of the 40% methanol and 40% ethanol extracts were 30% and 28%, respectively, when extracts were assayed at 2.5 ㎎/㎖. The nitrite scavenging ability of the 60% ethanol and 40% methanol extracts were 98% and 97%, respectively. The 60% ethanol extract yielded the highest ADH.

Background : Recently, ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.) berry has been used as a health-promoting supplements. Also, Mulberries (Morus alba L.) fruit have been used in traditional herbal medicine to treat and prevent diabetes. In this study, we measured the cytotoxicity after fermentation of the extracts in Panax Ginseng Berry and Mulberry Fruit. Methods and Results : The extracts were prepared by decoction for 3 hours in distilled water (100 g/L). The dried extract was then dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in preparation for use. Cell viability was examined by an MTT assay. RAW 264.7 cells were seeded at 1 × 104/mL densities in 96-well plates. Each grouping had a non-treated group as the control. The extracts were added to each well and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and 5% CO2. The MTT solutions (5 mg/mL) were added to each well, and the cells were cultured for another 2 hours. The supernatant was then discarded, and 100 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide was added to each well. The optical density was read at 540 nm. Conclusion : Probiotics and prebiotics modulate the composition of human and domestic animal gut microbiota. The beneficial effects may result from suppression of harmful microorganisms or stimulation of organisms which contribute in a positive way to the nutrition and health of human and domestic animal. Recently, fermentation using microorganisms for the production of more effective compounds has been extensively studied. In particular, the novel pharmacological effects of a new compound generated by fermentation have been reported. Some previous studies have demonstrated that Fermented herbal medicine extract showed better bioactivity than normal herbal Plants extract when used at the same concentration.

Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were investigated in leaves of organic apricot, filbert, mulberry, persimmon, and pomegranate trees during growing season. Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in leaves of organic apricot and filbert trees were gradually increased from May to June, attained peak in July, thereafter decreased to minimum level in October. In leaves of organic mulberry tree total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were simultaneously increased from May to June and sharply decrease to very low level. The leaves of organic persimmon trees showed very high level of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from May to June, thereafter gradually decrease to October. The leaves of organic pomegranate trees showed extraordinarily highest level of total phenolic compounds among five fruit trees investigated in the study during growing stages, as well as maintained higher than 91 percent of antioxidant activity from May to October. Correlation coefficients between total phenolic compound and antioxidant activity of the leaves of five organic trees were the highest in mulberry leaves, and then persimmon, filbert, apricot, and pomegranate, respectively. However, correlation coefficients between total phenolic compound and antioxidant activity of the leaves of organic pomegranate were very low level, and not significant in their relationship.

This study was considered chances of additional income, if farmers raised silkworms in unused mulberry leaves, after harvesting mulberry, investigated yields of mulberry leaves in vinyl-house and optimal amount in raised silkworms, First, the results was investigated productions of mulberry leaves in the mulberry tree-shape of vinyl-house, T-shape harvested 7.07 kg, Y-shape was 6.55 kg, in comparison with convention of it was harvested 4.75 kg mulberry leaves/1 mulberry tree, was harvested 49%, 38% more each. Also, yields of mulberry leaves was used 302 kg when was raised 1box of silkworms in the mulberry tree-shape of vinyl-house. In other hand, yields of raising silkworms was analysed in the mulberry tree-shapes of vinyl-house, mulberry leaves of 1,000 ㎡ vinyl-house mulberry tree was raised average of 3.74 boxs silkworms, in the concrete conventional-shape was 3.24 boxs, T-shape did 4.17 boxs and Y-shape was 3.83 boxs, Consequently, if the farmers of 1,000 ㎡ vinyl-house mulberry tree raised silkworms with unused mulberry leaves, could get 1~1.2 million won additionally.

오디 당침출액(MSE)의 산화적 스트레스 개선 효과를 확인하기 위하여 HepG2 세포에 H2O2로 산화적 스트레스를 유도시킨 다음, MSE의 보호효과를 확인하였다. MSE를 40 일간 저장하여 DPPH radical scavensing을 통해 DPPH radical 소거능이 유의적으로 좋았던 저장 40일용 MSE를 선택하여 세포 실험에 적용하였다. HepG2 세포에 500 μM H2O2를 처리하여 산화적 스트레스를 유발시키고, MSE를 처리하여 세포 생존율을 확인한 결과, MSE 처리로 인한 세포 생존율이 유의적으로 증가하였고, ROS 생성과 과산 화물에 대한 지표로 측정된 MDA 농도도 MSE 처리로 인해 효과적으로 억제되었다. 또한, H2O2 처리로 감소된 SOD 및 CAT 활성이 MSE 처리로 인해 유의적으로 높아졌으며, H2O2를 처리로 인한 세포핵의 apoptosis body가 MSE 처리 로 인해 감소함을 확인하였으며, 이는 caspase-3 활성 MSE 가 억제시킴으로 인해 세포를 보호하고 있음을 확인하였 다. 이상의 결과로부터 오디 당침출액은 산화적 스트레스 로부터 야기되는 세포독성과 apoptosis로부터 세포 보호 효과를 확인함에 따라 향후 노화와 관련된 다양한 연구 소재의 기초 자료 및 질병 예방 소재로의 가능성을 확인하 였다.

In this study, the chemical properties and phenolic compound of blueberry, bokbunja and mulberry and their pomace were determined to develop them as functional food materials. Water content of individual whole berry was ranged from 84.25-86.20%, and water content was significantly high in whole berries rather than their pomace (p<0.01). Additionally, each berry and its pomace’s pH was 3.32-5.18. Among them, whole mulberry showed the highest pH which is 5.18 (p<0.01). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were the greatest in blueberry pomace and they were 24.81 mg/g and 2.13 mg/g, respectively (p<0.01). However, mulberry pomace generated the greatest anthocyanin content compared to others (p <0.01). In phenolic compound profiles, cyanin chloride was detected in mulberry and bokbunja. Epigallocatechin, gallocatechin and isorhamnetin were found only in blueberry. Catechin (hydrate) and epicatechin were greater in pomaces than whole berries except blueberry (p<0.01), otherwise, significantly great rutin (trihydrate) and quercetin contents were found in whole berries as compared to their pomace except blueberry (p<0.01). Gallic acid was significantly greatest in mulberry (p< 0.01) and quercetin 3-D-galactoside was significantly greatest in blueberry (p< 0.01). Apigenin and luteolin were traced in mulberry, and mulberry pomace showed greater apigenin and luteolin contents than whole mulberry (p<0.01). Naringenin was greater in pomaces than whole berries (p <0.01). As a result, it was found that all berry extracts used in this study were able to be applied as

본 연구는 오디씨 에탄올 추출물(MSE)의 멜라닌 합성 저해 효과를 밝히는 것이다. 먼저 MSE의 mel-an-a 세포를 이용한 멜라닌 합성 저해 실험결과, 독성을 보이지 않는 10 µg/mL의 농도까지 멜라닌 합성 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 또한 tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) 단백질의 발현이 저해되었으며, extracelluar signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)의 발현을 농도 의존적으로 증가시키는 MSE의 기전을 확인하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 제브라피쉬를 이용한 in vivo 모델의 실험에서도 색소 발생이 저해됨을 관찰하였다. 따라서 오디씨로 부터 획득한 에탄올 추출물이 ERK 단백질의 발현으로 인해 멜라닌 생합성을 억제할 수 있음을 밝혔다.