In this study, we examined the residual amounts of formaldehyde in hygiene products to determine the safety of these products in Gyeonggi-do. Formaldehyde is among the harmful substances that may remain within certain hygiene products. On the basis of an analysis of formaldehyde in a total of 222 items (6 disposable paper straws, 9 disposable paper napkins, 21 toilet papers, 13 disposable dishcloths, 16 disposable paper towels, 32 wet wipes for food service restaurants, 25 disposable cotton swabs, and 100 disposable diapers), we detected traces in three wet wipes for food service restaurants (1.87 to 4.45 mg/kg), which is approximately 9% to 22% of the standard level (20 mg/kg). We established that all the hygiene products assessed in the study met the individual standards for formaldehyde, thereby confirming that safe products are being distributed. In the standards and specifications for hygiene products, the formaldehyde test method is regulated for application with respect to three categories based on the type of product. The samples used in this study were of types for which method 1 or method 2 is applied, and the limits of detection, limits of quantification, linearity, and recovery rates were reviewed to verify the validity of each test method. When method 2 was applied, we experienced interference when performing analysis at a wavelength of 412 nm, which was associated with the influence of impurities in some samples of disposable cotton swabs and disposable diapers. Consequently, in these cases, the results were compared after analysis using method 1. By comparing the results obtained using method 2 with those obtained using method 1, the latter of which were unaffected by the interference of impurities, we were able to detect formaldehyde at low concentrations. These findings accordingly highlight the necessity to standardize the formaldehyde test method for future analyses.

Korea is a country where the population is concentrated in metropolitan areas that have undergone rapid industrial development. As of 2020, more than 43% of the total population lives in large cities, and about 18.5% of the total population lives in Seoul. A basic human need living in such a metropolis is a pleasant environment. In this study, complex odors and designated odors were evaluated at the boundary areas and at the outlets for 15 public environmental facilities selected from among odor sources in Seoul. As a result of measuring the complex odor intensity was 3 ~ 6 times at the boundary areas and 100 ~ 4,481 times at the outlets. In food waste treatment facilities, incineration facilities, and waste transfer station facilities, the compound making the largest contribution to odor is acetaldehyde, which was recorded at 46%, 25%, and 32% respectively. At a sewage treatment facility and agro-fisheries wholesale market, hydrogen sulfide was the largest contributing compound at 71% and 29% respectively.

This study aims to to identify specific terms used in the documents of public organizations in order to assess the need to replace them for general comprehension by the public and to gain an understanding of how public organization officials and the public (those who visit the organizations) perceive those words. With their cooperation, the terms (used in press releases), guidance practices, notices, and website posting of Siheung Urban Corporation were collected, and 64 terms were selected through word segmentation of 300,000 words and morphological analysis. Next, a survey was conducted to determine the need for improvement of specific terms and the appropriateness of the alternative terms. The survey results showed an average v alue o f 3.04 (out of 4) f or t he n eed to r efinement of terms. The alternative terms received an average appropriateness value of 3.21 (out of 4). As a result of examining terms that require replacement by vocabulary type, it was found that E nglish a crony ms s uch as VOC, CS, AED, B L scored an a verage o f 3.23 points, indicating that replacement was most necessary. This survey of public organization officials and the public suggests that acronyms urgently need to be replaced in public documents.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 아동작업치료 임상에서의 부모 상담과 교육 현황을 파악하고 치료사의 인식을 조 사해봄으로써 효과적인 부모 상담과 교육을 위해 필요한 자료를 제공하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 본 연구에서는 부모 상담과 교육에 대한 개념 정립 후, 연구자가 제작한 구조화된 설문지를 사 용하였다. 설문지는 ‘연구 대상에 대한 일반적 정보’, ‘부모 상담과 교육 실태’, ‘부모 상담과 교육에 대한 작업치료사의 인식’의 3가지 영역으로 나뉘며, 총 85개 문항으로 구성되어 있다. 연구 대상자는 현재 임 상에 있는 아동작업치료사로 하였고, 2021년 7월 24일부터 8월 31일까지 설문지 배포 및 회수를 하여 총 228명이 설문에 응답하였다. 결과 : 부모 상담과 교육 현황 결과에 따르면, 상담과 교육은 주로 치료 후 10분 이내로 아동의 ‘모’와 함 께 치료실에서 이루어졌다. 부모 상담과 교육에 대한 치료사의 인식에 따르면, 모든 치료사가 부모 상담 과 교육이 필수적이라고 하였으며, 적절한 부모 상담과 교육의 대상은 ‘부모 모두’라고 응답하였다. 그러 나 현재 임상 현장에서는 상담 및 교육을 위한 별도의 시간과 장소가 부족하고, 부모 모두를 대상으로 상담과 교육 진행이 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 응답자들은 부모 상담과 교육에 대한 프로토콜이 필 요하다고 응답하였으며, 효과적인 부모 상담과 교육을 위해 관련된 교육 이수가 필요하다고 응답하였다. 부모 상담과 교육에 대한 작업치료사의 인식, 내용, 효과, 만족도 간의 상관관계에서는 상담 및 교육 내 용과 치료사의 만족도 결과 간의 상관관계가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 결론 : 이와 같은 연구의 결과를 토대로 아동작업치료에서 효과적인 부모 상담과 교육을 계획하고 진행할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 향후 부모 상담과 교육 프로토콜 또는 가이드라인을 개발하는 데 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

이 연구의 목적은 교도소 수형자와 관련한 사회적 처우의 실태를 파악하고 그 개선 방향을 제시하는 것이다. 현재 교도소의 사회적 처우는 법적 근거, 개념 및 종류가 명 확하지 않고, 매우 소극적으로 시행되며, 대상자 선정 기준이 모호한 것으로 나타났 다. 그리고 사회적 처우의 효과 즉, 재범억제, 가족유대감, 안정감 등에 대한 진단이 이루어지지 않고 있다. 그 개선 정책 방향으로 형집행법령에 사회적 처우의 근거, 개 념 및 유형을 명확하게 규정하며, 법무부는 사회적 처우와 관련한 행정지침을 단일화 하고, 사회적 처우 대상 선정을 공정하게 하여야 한다. 그리고 인권적 차원에서 사회 적 처우를 적극적으로 시행하며, 지속적인 효과성 진단을 해야 한다.

2025년이면 대한민국의 노인 인구가 전체인구의 25%를 차지 하는 초고령사회에 도래하게 될 것이다. 해가 갈수록 출산율은 감소하고 노인수명은 늘어나면서 노인 인구의 비중은 증대되는 것이다. 국민 4명 중 한 명이 노인이 되는 세상이다. 따라서 노 인복지, 노인권익, 노인 일자리, 노인자원봉사 등의 문제는 매 우 중요한 자리를 차지하게 될 것이다. 이와 비례하여 노인여 가복지시설인 경로당의 중요성은 더욱 배가될 것이다. 현재 우 리나라의 경로당은 약 68,000개로 노인 인구 900만 명 중 절반 인 400만 명이 활용하는 것으로 조사되었다. 경로효친사상과 홍익인간 정신을 바탕으로 태동한 경로당은 세계에서 유래를 찾아 볼 수 없는 우리 고유의 노인복지시설이다. 경로당은 어 르신들의 여가선용 및 복지의 중심으로 노인들의 생활공간이 다. 서울시 경로당의 경우 다른 시도 노인들에 비해 경로당 이 용 인원도 비교적 많고, 프로그램도 해가 갈수록 전문화되고 다양화되어 가고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 아직도 경로당의 복 지 프로그램이나 시설환경 등은 만족한 상태가 아니다. 서울시 경로당을 중심으로 경로당 이용실태 분석을 통한 발전방안을 모색하여 노인복지에 증진에 기여하고자 하였다. 365일 가고 싶은 경로당의 필요충분조건을 찾아내어 그 조건을 충족하게 함으로써 서울시 노인들이 찾고 기다려지는 경로당 활성화에 기여하고자 설문 수렴을 통해 방안을 찾고자 주력하였다. 시대 는 변하고 환경도 변하고 추구하고자 하는 목표나 이상도 시대 상황에 따라 변화되어 간다. 서울시 경로당은 규모가 협소하여 40평 미만인 경로당이 대부분을 차지하고, 회원들은 통상 경로 당을 주 5회 정도 이용하고 있으며, 집에서 경로당까지의 거리 는 300미터 이내로 접근성이 용이한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 서 울시는 앞으로 경로당 활성화를 위하여 다양한 운영방안들을 적극적으로 수용하고, 맞춤형 프로그램 개발을 통해 경로당의 주 기능인 여가, 복지, 교육, 일자리, 자원봉사 등의 기능이 원 활하게 작동되도록 지속적인 관심과 지원이 필요하다고 판단한 다. 현실적인 경로당의 문제들을 심층 깊게 연구하여 전문화, 다양화된 방안으로 개선되어 노인들의 사랑방인 경로당활성화 에 조금이라도 도움이 되었으면 하는 바람이다.

본 연구는 자살을 생각하는 학생들의 대학생활 적응, 심리상담 실태, 그리고 자살생각 영향요인을 파악 하고자 한다. 편의표집이나 특정전공자들을 대상으로 할 경우 자살생각 대학생들의 실태를 파악하기 어려 운 제한점이 있다. 따라서 비임상군인 재학생 전수를 대상으로 실시한 실태조사 결과를 분석함으로써 대학 생 자살생각의 심각성을 파악하고자 했다. 본 연구는 서울 소재 A대의 <학생실태 및 요구도 조사>(2021년 5~6월 실시, 재학생의 74.8%인 4,129명 응답)의 데이터를 사용하였다. 본 연구는 응답결과 중에서 기본정 보, 정신건강, 상담, 학교생활에 관한 내용을 중심으로 ‘자살을 생각한 집단’과 ‘자살을 생각하지 않은 집단’ 간의 차이를 비교하여 분석하였다. 자살을 생각한 집단은 혼자 거주하는 비율이 높고, 흡연량이 많고, 스마 트폰 사용 장애를 겪는 나타났다. 그리고 그들은 입학만족도, 전공만족도, 자아존중감 및 교우관계에 대한 만족도가 낮았고, 학업스트레스가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 그들은 교내보다는 교외에서 심리상담을 받 은 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 자살생각에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 성별, 학년, 흡연량, 입학만족 도, 학업스트레스, 자아존중감, 심리상담 여부 등인 것으로 확인되었다. 이런 연구결과를 토대로 본 연구는, 심리상담에 대한 접근성을 제고할 수 있는 상담시스템의 구축과 자살위험군에 대한 체계적인 관리시스템의 구축을 제언하였다.

Giant pacific octopus, Enteroctopus dofleini, is a large mollusk distributed in the East Sea of Korea. In this study, the catch status of giant pacific octopus by drift line fishery and the effect of sea temperature on fishing ground were investigated in Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do, which is the central coast of the East Sea. The average catch of giant pacific octopus in Gangwon-do was 1,570 tons over the past ten years, and it accounted for 21% in 2008 and 44% in 2021 compared to the total catch in the East Sea during the same period. Such data indicates that the catch in Gangwon-do has recently increased. In this study area, giant pacific octopus weighing 1.1-5.0 kg dominated accounting for 56% of the total individuals, and followed by those weighing 1 kg or less. However, the ratio of catch of giant pacific octopus over 5.1 kg tended to increase in 2021, which is thought to be related to the sea temperature that affected the fishing ground. The main depth of fishing ground was from 21 m to 50 m in this area and fishing grounds were widely distributed throughout the season except summer. Fishing ground was formed with the conditions of bottom sea temperature under 10℃ and was diminished by moving of giant pacific octopus to deeper depth with conditions of bottom sea temperature over 18℃.

Galactosemia is a rare, hereditary metabolic disorder caused by the accumulation of galactose and its metabolites in the body due to a lack of enzymes that convert galactose to glucose. This study aimed to investigate the dietary behaviors and nutritional statuses of patients with galactosemia and to provide basic information on the development of nutrition education programs to improve quality of dietary life. A survey was conducted on 13 parents of (<11 years of age) children with galactosemia and 26 parents of (<11 years of age) children without galactosemia. Mean body mass index was greater for school-age children with galactosemia (18.77 kg/m2) than for corresponding normal children (16.55 kg/m2). Underweight and obesity rates of children with galactosemia were greater than those of children without galactosemia. In addition, children with galactosemia had a higher food neophobia rate and thus consumed less food. Normal children exhibited a greater range of food preferences than those with galactosemia, especially for milk and dairy products (p= .001) and fats and sweets (p= .04). Reliable food databases and appropriate dietary recommendations are required to ensure the proper growth of children with galactosemia.

The study was aimed to investigate the operational meal costs by kindergarten size in Seoul and to analyze recognition for optimal meal prices. A survey (31.6% recovery rate) was conducted on all kindergartens (779 kindergartens) in Seoul on April 2021 using descriptive analysis, t-test, and dispersion method. A price sensitivity measurement (psm) method was used to determine optimal meal prices. Result showed an average food cost for kindergartens of 2,647 won, an average labor cost of 605 won, an average operating cost of 146 won, and the total meal cost of 3,506 won. Total meal cost decreased with increasing kindergarten size (p<0.001). On the other hand, kindergartens with more students decreased the ratio of food cost to total meal cost, and operating cost and labor costs (p<0.001) increased. The optimal price of kindergarten operators' meal cost (OPP) was KRW 3,673. Furthermore, the analysis showed the sensitivity of operators' meal costs to kindergarten size was insignificant.

This study is a follow-up paper on “Development of flipped learning class model for nail beauty education” published by Seol (2022). This model was conducted from March to June 2022 for 70 students taking the “Nail color design 1” course. After 15 weeks of class, a survey of the students’ perceptions of flipped learning and their self-evaluation of goal achievement was conducted, which was composed of questionnaires using a 5-step Likert scale. 15 questions were designed to evaluate the students’ satisfaction with their experience and class operations; 4 questions to evaluate whether the class goal had been reached through flipped learning; and 9 questions to evaluate the students’ perceptions of flipped learning. As a result of applying this model to theoretical and practical nail beauty classes, it was confirmed that flipped learning helped students better understand the content and had a positive effect on learning, while the subject’s educational goals were also achieved. By evaluating the students’ perceptions of flipped learning, we may conclude that they experienced learning satisfaction and perceived the approach positively. Moreover, they have expressed a desire for additional flipped learning. This study is thus meaningful in confirming the procedure’s effectiveness by applying the flipped classroom model to theoretical and practical subjects with a focus on the nail beauty field, and showing how it achieved students’ positive perceptions and educational goals.

This study was undertaken to examine body image distortion among female adolescents and identify related factors. Raw data from the 14th Korean Youth Health Behavior Survey were used. The proportion of participants exhibiting body image distortion was 39.5%, with the ratio being higher among female students of normal weight as compared to underweight female students. Logistic regression revealed that the risk of having a distorted body image was higher among high school females than in middle school females having lower subjective academic performance and household economic status. In addition, the risk of having a distorted body image was higher for students who drank alcohol when compared to students who did not drink, for the group engaging vigorously in physical activity (exercise) more than three times per week as opposed to the group exercising less than three times per week, and for the group consuming less than one serving of fruit per day as compared to the group consuming more than one serving of fruit per day. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that continuous nutrition education needs to be provided so that adolescents can correctly perceive their body images and form desirable eating habits.

The purpose of study was to examine the factors influencing fast food consumption in Korean adolescents. The analysis was conducted using cross sectional study data from the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in 2020. A total 54,948 middle and high school students participated in this study. The subjects in the analysis were 28,353 males and 26,595 females, 28,961 middle school and 25,987 high school students. In total, 56.6% Korean adolescents consumed fast food once or twice weekly and 25.4% consumed fast food more than three times weekly. Logistic regression analysis revealed that fast food consumption was significantly associated with dietary behavior such as lower breakfast intake (OR: 0.930, 95%CI: 0.891~0.970, p<0.001), higher soda drinks consumption (OR: 2.563, 95%CI: 2.452~2.678, p<0.001), and higher sweet drinks consumption (OR: 1.898, 95%CI: 1.818~1.982, p<0.001). For psychological and health behavior factors, fast food consumption was also significantly associated with higher perceived stress (OR: 1.239, 95%CI: 1.163-1.321, p<0.001), higher smoking (OR: 1.300, 95%CI: 1.164~1.453, p<0.001), higher drinking (OR: 1.193, 95%CI: 1.112~1.280, p<0.001), higher depression experience, higher loneliness experience, and lower subjective health, In conclusion, fast food consumption in Korean adolescents was associated with undesirable dietary habits and psychological and health behavior, suggesting that appropriate education programs are necessary to reduce such behavior.

목적 : 본 연구는 최대 근거리 교정 굴절력이 필요한 65세 이상의 대구 지역의 기성 돋보기 사용 실태를 확인 하여 노안 근용 안경 교정의 중요성을 확인하고자 한다. 방법 : 대구, 경북지역에 거주하는 기성 돋보기를 착용 중인 만 65세 이상의 노인 77명 (남자:24명, 여자: 53 명) 144안을 대상으로 타각적 굴절검사와 자각적 굴절검사로 원거리 굴절력을 측정하였다. 원용 및 근용 PD(작업 거리 40 cm)는 PD미터를 이용하여 측정하였다. 참여자들의 측정 PD와 사용 중인 기성돋보기의 광학중심점 간의 거리 차로 발생하는 프리즘 효과는 프렌티스 공식을 이용하여 분석하였다. 기성 돋보기를 구매한 장소와 전문가로 부터의 관련 검사 유무 및 만족도에 대한 설문도 함께 진행하여 분석하였다. 결과 : 비정시의 평균 난시 굴절력은 –1.18±0.47 D를 보였으며(p<0.001, z=-9.414), 0.75~1.00 D 난시 미 교정이 약 38.46% 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. BI 프리즘이 16.67%와 BO 프리즘이 77.78%를 보였으며, 내사위 유발하는 BI 프리즘 굴절력은 0.65±0.15 △, 외사위를 유발하는 BO프리즘 굴절력은 1.34±0.81 △으로 나타났 다. 전체에서 61.04%가 굴절검사와 같은 근용 안경에 필요한 검사 없이 길거리 등과 같은 장소에서 단순 구매한 것으로 나타났으며, 현재 착용 중인 기성 돋보기에 대한 만족도에 대해 절반 이상인 61.52%가 현재 착용하고 있 는 기성 돋보기에 불편함을 갖고 있다고 응답하였고, ‘글자가 흐림’이 주된 원인이었다. 결론 : 본 연구 결과 기성 돋보기는 난시 미교정, 낮은 가입도, 동공간거리와 렌즈의 광학중심점간의 불일치 등 의 요소들이 확인되어 불편함을 호소하였으며, 이러한 불편감을 해소하기 위하여 안보건 전문가인 안경사에게 검 사, 조제가공 및 안경을 구매할 수 있는 사회적, 제도적 변화가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

The purpose of this study is to provide information about annual variations in catch size and changes in reproductive biology in the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, a commercially important species in Jeju Island. Samples were collected from coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea by coastal trap fishery from January to November 2021. Octopus vulgaris have been decreasing in this region since 1984. The mantle length (ML) ranged from 4.5 to 17.8 cm and body weight (BW) ranged form 88.5 to 2,657.5 g. A χ 2 -test revealed that the number of males was significantly greater than females (χ 2 = 32.712, df = 10, P<0.05). Mature females were found from January to July and male occurred January to August. The gonadosomatic index value was higher from July to August than other months. The relationship between mantle length and body weight was BW = 2.4527ML 2.3139 (female) and BW = 2.6785ML 2.3159 (male). At 50% group maturity, female and male average weight was estimated to be 554.7 g and 330.6 g, respectively.

In this study, the fishery status of the octopus pot fishery in the east coastal sea were investigated, and the fishing performance of each pot shape was compared and analyzed. The fishery status survey was conducted through listening surveys at Jukbyeon Port, Uljin Port and Pohang Daebo Port in Gyeongbuk Province, and the amount of fishing gear used, fishing method, size and loss of octopus pot fishery was investigated. On the east coastal sea, octopus is one of the commercially important fish stocks and is caught in inshore pots, inshore combos, inshore gillnets and offshore pots. Among these fishing methods, pot fishing yields the highest catch. The shape of the pot differs depending on the region. In Uljin (Jukbyeon Port and Hupo Port), Gyeongbuk, rectangular type net pots are mainly used, and in Pohang (Daebo Port) in Gyeongbuk, drum-type pots are mostly used. Enteroctopus dofleini accounts for more than 90% of the catch of octopus. For the octopus fishing performance test by trap type, three types of traps (rectangular pot, drum pot and cylinder pot) were used on the coastal sea of Pohang Daebo. As a result, the total catch by pot shape was shown in the order of rectangular-type pot > drum-type pot > cylinder-type pot. The catch of octopus, the target species, was in the following order: rectangular-type pot > drum-type pot > cylinder-type pot. Such result shows a significant difference (Mann-Whitney test, p<0.05).