봉지재배에 적합한 버들송이 신품종을 육성하고자 유전자원을 수집하고 재배 후 자실체 특성검정으로 우수자원(5계통)을 선발하였다. 선발자원으로부터 단포자 분리 및 교잡을 통해 JBAC15-1 등 35 교잡계통을 선발하였다. 35계통 중 PDA 평판배지를 이용하여 균사생장과 균총 밀도가 우수한 7계통을 1차 선발하였다. 톱밥 봉지재배 방식을 이용하여 선발 7계통의 재배특성을 조사한 결과, 재배일수가 50일 정도로 다른 계통에 비하여 짧고, 봉지 당 수량이 160g 정도로 높으며, 발이가 안정적인 3계통(JBAC15-1 계통 등)과 갓과 대 품질이 우수한 JBAC15-5 계통 등 총 4계통을 선발하였다. 선발계통의 rDNA ITS 영역 염기서열 분석 을 통한 유전적 다형성과 기존 품종과의 대치배양을 통해 신규성을 확인하였다. 평판배지를 이용한 선발계 통의 균 배양 특성으로, 배지종류는 PDA 배지에서 전반적으로 균사생장과 밀도가 우수하였고, 배양온도는 27.5°C에서 최대 생장 후 늦어지는 경향이었으며, 배지 pH는 5~7 정도의 약산성 배지에서 균 배양이 우수하였다.

아까시나무는 우리나라 최대의 밀원수로서 5월 초순 남부지방에서 개화하여 6 월 초순 중북부지역의 비무장지대까지 약 1개월간 꿀 수확이 가능하며, 개화기간 은 약 10여일이다. 꿀 수밀력이 우수한 것으로 육성중인 1개 계통과 수준이 높은 농 가 봉군, 수준이 낮은 농가봉군 2개 지역의 일반 양봉농가에서 수집한 봉군과의 비 교를 통하여 아까시나무 개화기간 동안 꿀 수밀력을 일일 간격으로 비교 조사하였 다. 조사 결과 육성계통이 2개의 비교집단보다 각각 31%, 51% 높았으며, 성충 1마 리의 수밀력 비교에서는 육성계통이 비교집단보다 각각 19%, 43% 높은 것으로 나 타났다. 또한 봉군의 발육정도를 비교하기 위하여 벌집대비 일벌 개체수 변동, 유 효산란수, 봉개밀집도, 벌집수, 번데기형성율 등을 비교한 결과에서도 육성계통이 비교계통보다 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

Background : Panax ginseng the king of Oriental medicines, has enormous potential against many of the disease symptoms and ailments. Panax quinquefolius is an another important member of Panax family which has similar benefits and medicinal properties. Both the species contains ginsenosides a pharmacologically active component abundant in their roots. In an effort to establish the new ginseng cultivars with improved agronomical characters such as root shape, stress tolerant and higher ginsenoside contents, the reciprocal interspecific hybrids were generated Methods and Results : Four elite cultivars and two new lines of ginseng were chosen to produce interspecies reciprocal hybrids with P. quinquefolius, by pollen dusting on the emasculated flowers. Among the F1 populations, the reciprocal hybrids generated by using new line 0837 both as maternal and paternal parent showed better properties and hybrid vigor. They showed strong root phenotypes with many lateral and fine roots thus having 10% to 20% higher ginsenoside contents compared to the parental populations. Among the major ginsenosides, the pharmacologically active ginsenosides such as Re, Rb1, Rb2 and F1 were enriched and accounted for the 70% of the PPD ginsenosides in 0837/Pq and Pq/0837 crosses, displaying strong dominance. Conclusion : Thus, based on our result we could conclude that P. ginseng line 0837 is the superior variety compared to the already existing lines for performing the interspecific hybrids with promising outcome in their root quality and ginsenoside content.

Background : Astragalus membranaceus belonging to the family of Leguminosae have been utilized as a traditional medicine. The aim of this study is to elucidate the basic information for breeding to superior Astragalus membranaceus cultivar. Methods and Results : Selection lines were developed by the medicinal crop breeding team of National Institute of Horticulture and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA). The root of A. membranaceus lines were harvested in late October 2017. Calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside and calycosin were anlyzed by HPLC. The root yield of six selection lines were increased 8.9 - 74.8% compared with ‘Aseong’ (check variety). Also, the plant height of seven selection lines were shorter than ‘Aseong’. The calycosin–7-O-β -d-glucoside content was higher in six selection lines than ‘Aseong’. The calycosin content was higher in all selection lines except 1 line (1508 - 03) than that of ‘Aseong’. Conclusion : Three superior lines with short height and high yield were selected. These superior lines will conduct advanced yield trial to make varieties.

Background : Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a perennial plant of the Gramineae, followed by rice, wheat, corn and barley, the fifth major food crop in the world. Sorghum is mostly used in Korea for cereals using seeds or for making food directly. However, sorghum is not directly used for food in foreign countries, but plays an important role in the development of cosmetic and pharmaceutical materials and as a bio-energy crop. Most of the sorghum cultivated in Korea does not use the remainder after harvesting seeds, so research on other uses is needed. Therefore, we carried out this experiment in order to identify the characteristics of domestic genetic resources and to select the genetic resources with excellent growth. Methods and Results : Samples were tested for their growth characteristics by the Agricultural Genetic Resources of National Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Growth characteristics of heading, total length, stem length, stem width, leaf length, leaf width, length of ears and width of ears were investigated. After 10 weeks of sowing, 45% of the outbreaks occurred and showed a quick heading. The total length of the sorghum ranged from 65.7 ㎝ to 341.0 ㎝, and the stem width ranged from 0.2 ㎝ to 2.6 ㎝. Leaf length ranged from 33.3 ㎝ to 92.4 ㎝ and leaf width ranged from 3.8 ㎝ to 12.2 ㎝. The length of the ears was in the range of 8.0 ㎝ - 52.7 ㎝, and the width of the ears was in the range of 5.2 ㎝ - 27.0 ㎝. K131301, K178840, K258654 and K255198, which are expected to bear a large number of seeds with high biomass content and large size of leaves and plants, were selected. Conclusion : Through this study, we can understand the growth characteristics of the sorghum in Korea and select excellent genetic resources.

Backgoound : Various varieties of Schisandra chinensis (Omija) are grown in various regions of Korea. However, there is no study on varieties with excellent efficacy for each variety. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to select the excellent lineage by analyzing the active compounds of Omija collection species Methods and Results : 154 lineage of Omija was collected from Muju of Jeollabuk-do, Jangsu of Jeollabuk-do and Hoengseong of Gangwon-do. They were cultivated in test-research farm in Rural Development Administration at Eumseong of Chungcheongbuk-do and used as materials. In order to analyze the active compounds (Shizandrin A, Shizandrin C, Gomisin A, Gomisin N) in Omija, the HPLC method described in the Korean Pharmacopoeia (compounds of Omija indicator) was used. As a result of analysis of functional compounds, SC-003, SC-005, SC-013, SC-015, SC-019, SC-020, SC-022, SC-023, SC-040, SC-042, SC-045, SC-066, SC-069 and SC-072 were collected from Jangsu, Jeollabuk-do, SC-082 was collected from Hoengseong, Gangwon-do and SC-139 was collected from Muju, Jeollabuk-do showed higher contents of functional compounds than other collected species. Conclusion : As demand for high income crop has increased, new cultivar breeding is required to produce high quality Schisandra chinensis (Omija). In this study, Shisandra A, Shizandrin C, Gomisin A and Gomisin N were analyzed as functional compounds of Omija. They can be used for new Omija breeding. Especially SC-003, SC-019, SC-022, SC-040, SC-045, SC-069 and SC-082 can be superior lineags with high functional compound contents.

Backgoound : This study was conducted to serve as a basis for the selection of superior lines by analyzing the content of antioxidant component and antioxidant activity in Schisandra chinensis Collections Methods and Results : In order to examine antioxidant component and antioxidant activity, 154 species of Schisandra chinensis from whole country were used. Antioxidant component was investigated by total flavonoid content and total phenolic content and antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS radical scavenging activity. As a result, the total amounts of flavonoids was highest in SC-20 with 5.03 ㎎/g. However the content of polyphenols showed highest in SC-22 with 2.76 ㎎/g. In addition antioxidant activity results were also relatively high in SC-22. The IC50 value was 548 ㎍/㎖ in DPPH radical scavenging and 640 ㎍/㎖. in ABTS+ radical scavenging. Conclusion : As demand for high income crop has increased, new cultivar breeding is required to produce high quality Schisandra chinensis From this study, analyses of antioxidant component and antioxidant activity in collection can be used for new Schisandra chinensis breeding. Especially SC-22 can be superior lines with high antioxidant component and antioxidant activity.

Background : Sorghum is a major cereal food crop used in many parts of the world. It has been grown on a subsistence level by farmers, under various conditions of environmental stresses in the semi-arid tropics of Africa and Asia. This crop has received significant attention because of its ability to lower cholesterol in the blood, and its anti-dementia, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It is possible to develop a functional and commercially viable sorghum variety by using superior cultivars of sorghum. The objective of this study was to construct a database of superior sorghum accession. Methods and Results : We used 250 sorghum accessions collected from different geographical bioregion in Korea. We determined various growth characters including germination rate and ear length of these accessions. To determine the antioxidant capacity, we measured the DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS scavenging activity, total phenolic contents, and total flavonoid contents. 189 accession showed higher germination (> 80%) than other accessions. Higher DPPH radical scavenging activity was observed in 11-SB-078 (RC50: 1.89 ± 2.88 ㎍/ ㎖), and higher ABTS scavenging activity was recorded in 11-SB-116 (RC50: 35.48 ± 2.42 ㎍/㎖) than other accessions. The ear length ranged from 15 ㎝ to 48 ㎝, the total phenolic contents ranged from 3 ㎎·GAE/g to 77 ㎎·GAE/g, and total flavonoid contents ranged from 0.09 ㎎·QE/g to 1.07 ㎎·QE/g. Conclusion : Among 250 sorghum accessions, we selected 10 with both superior agronomic characters and higher functional food quality.

Background: Sorghum is a major cereal food crop used in many parts of the world. It has been grown on a subsistence level by farmers, under various conditions of environmental stresses in the semi-arid tropics of Africa and Asia. This plant has received significant attention because of its ability to reduce cholesterol in the blood, and its anti-dementia, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It is possible to develop a functional and commercially viable sorghum variety by using superior cultivars of sorghum. The objective of this study was to build a database of superior sorghum accession.Methods and Results: We used 250 sorghum accessions collected from different geographical bioregions in Korea. We determined various agronomic characters including germination rate and ear length of these accessions. To determine the antioxidant capacity, we measured the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt radical scavenging activity, total phenolic contents, and total flavonoid contents. Accession 189 showed higher germination (> 80%) than the other accessions. Higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was observed in 11-SB-078 (RC50; 1.89 ± 2.88 μg/ml), and higher 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt radical scavenging activity was recorded in 11-SB-116 (RC50; 35.48 ± 2.42 μg/ml) than in the other accessions. The ear length ranged from 15 ㎝ to 48 ㎝, the total phenolic contents ranged from 3 ㎎• GAE/g to 77 ㎎• GAE/g, and total flavonoid contents ranged from 0.09 ㎎• QE/g to 1.07 ㎎• QE/g.Conclusions: Among 250 sorghum accessions, we selected 10 with both superior agronomic characters and highly functional food quality.

고구마는 주로 괴근(덩이뿌리)을 식용으로 이용하지만 최근 고구마 지상부에 대한 영양성분 및 기능성이 밝혀지면서 다양한 식품소재로 이용되고 있다. 고구마 줄기에는 탄수화물, 당류, 단백질 등의 에너지원과 칼슘, 철 등의 여러 무기질이 함유되어 있으며, 비타민 함량은 괴근보다 더 많다고 알려져 있다. 현재 농가에서 주로 재배하고 있는 잎자루 채소용 고구마 품종은 국립식량과학원에서 육성한 ‘신미’ 품종으로, 그 이외에 잎자루 채소용 고구마의 품종 육성은 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 시험은 수량이 많고 껍질 벗김성이 뛰어난 우수 계통을 선발하여 품종으로 개발하고자 수행하게 되었다. 고구마는 ‘신미’(잎자루색 녹색)와 ‘하얀미’(자주색+녹색)를 대조품종으로 하여 ‘MI2011-31-09’, ‘MI2010-05-03’는 2014년 3월 중순에 유리온실에 파종(주간 0.5m, 조간 0.5m)하고 파종 후 60일부터 15~20일 간격으로 9차례 수확 한 후 생육 및 품질특성을 조사하였다. ‘MI2011-31-09’는 ‘신미’에 비하여 10a당 잎자루 평균수량이 47% 증수 되었으며, 잎자루 길이는 평균 6cm 정도 길었다. 또한 잎자루 두께도 평균 1.3mm 더 두꺼우며 껍질 벗김성은 ‘신미’ 5에 비하여 7.3으로 용이하였다. 잎자루를 삶았을 때 경도는 ‘신미’의 0.54kg 보다 낮은 0.45kg으로 삶는 시간이 절약되며 총폴리페놀 함량도 신미 949mg/100g보다 985mg/100g으로 더 높았다. ‘MI2010-05-03’은 ‘신미’에 비하여 10a당 평균수량이 61%, 잎자루 개수는 50% 증수되었고, 잎자루 길이는 평균 2.5cm 더 길었다. 껍질벗김성은 ‘신미’ 5에 비하여 7.0으로 쉽게 벗길 수 있었고 생잎자루의 경도와 삶았을 때의 경도는 각각 0.86kg, 0.48kg으로 신미 1.05kg, 0.54kg보다 낮아 삶는 시간이 절약되며 총폴리페놀 함량도 ‘신미’ 949mg/100g보다 1,078mg/100g로 더 높음을 알 수 있었다.

고구마는 주로 괴근(덩이뿌리)을 식용으로 이용하지만 최근 고구마 줄기에 대한 영양성분이 알려지면서 다양한 요리 재료로 이용되고 있다. 고구마 줄기(잎, 잎자루)에는 탄수화물, 당류, 단백질 등의 에너지원과 칼슘, 철 등의 여러 무기질이 함유되어 있으며, 비타민 함량은 괴근보다 더 많다고 알려져 있다. 현재 농가에서 주로 재배하고 있 는 잎자루 채소용 고구마 품종은 국립식량과학원에서 육성한 ‘신미’ 품종으로, 그 이외에 잎자루 채소용 고구마의 품종 육성은 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 시험은 잎자루 채소용 고구마의 육종 선발 지표를 개발하고 이를 통해 우 수 계통을 선발하고자 수행되었다. 시험품종은 ‘신미’(잎자루색 녹색)와 ‘하얀미’(자주색+녹색)를 대조품종으로 하여 온실에서 15일 간격으로 6차례 수확 한 후 우수한 7계통을 선발하여 생육 및 품질특성을 조사하였다. 잎자루 생체수량은 계통 MI 2010-01-18가 신미 62,150kg/10a에 비해 57,167kg/10a로 낮았으나, 잎자루 갯수는 5,730천개로 ‘신미’와 비슷하였다. 잎자루 길이는 ‘신미’가 6회 평균 34cm인 반면 MI 2009-33-12는 38cm로 길었다. 잎자루의 당 도는 수확시기에 따라 큰 차이는 보이지 않았으나 MI 2009-33-12는 6회 평균 3.0Brix°로 ‘신미’ 2.7, ‘하얀미’ 2.72Brix° 보다 높았다. 총폴리페놀 함량은 자주색을 띠고 있는 하얀미가 8.8mg/100g(건물중)으로 가장 높았고 MI 2010-01-18이 5.5 mg/100g으로 신미 4.5 mg/100g 보다 높았다. 잎자루 경도는 신미 0.134kg에 비하여 MI 2010-05-03 이 0.086kg으로 가장 유연하였고 MI 2009-33-12는 0.177로 가장 단단하였다. 고구마 잎자루용 품종을 육성하기 위 해서는 생육 및 수량 특성 뿐만 아니라 당도, 생체 경도 및 데친 후 경도, 무름성, 껍질 벗김성 등 여러 가지 부분을 고려한 지표 개발이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Selection of stress-tolerant ginseng lines in fields is very difficult because it is almost impossible to control properly the environmental conditions of soil. On the contrary, it can be studied with ease to search for stress-tolerant ginseng lines through in vitro culture because of easy manipulation of stress conditions. This study was conducted for the selection of ginseng pure lines tolerant to salt stress. Murashige ＆amp; Skoog(MS) media with 2.5 folds of KNO3, NH4NO3, MgSO4.7H2O, KH2PO4, and CaC12.2H2O was established for the selection of ginseng pure lines tolerant to salt stress in vitro. Among 88 ginseng pure lines bred by Korea Ginseng and Tobacco Research Institute, Punggi Hwangsuk, 78093, 82886, 78135, 86024 and KG104 lines was tolerant to salt stress. For the stable production of quality Korean ginseng, genetic tolerance to salt stress is one of important factors since relatively high salt concentrations in the ginseng nursery soil environment of Korea. Ginseng inbred pure lines were tested for their tolerance to salt stress through in vitro culture technique.