A new soybean variety, ‘Joongmo 3009’ (Milyang 222) was developed at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2012. ‘Joongmo 3009’ was released by pedigree selection from the cross between ‘Cheongja 2(Milyang 121)’ and ‘Daemangkong’. It has determinate growth habit, white flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, green seed coat, green cotyledon, spherical seed shape, oval leaf shape and large seed size (29.3 grams per 100 seeds). It was late 16 days in maturing date than the check cultivar ‘Cheongjakong’. The average yield of ‘Joongmo 3009’ was 2.91 ton per hectare, which was higher 36 percentage than the check variety, in the regional yield trials carried out in three adaptable locations of Korea from 2010 to 2012. The number of breeder’s right is ‘5474’
The objective of this study was comparison of seed yields according to different seeding rates, seeding time and application of chemical fertilizations in Yanji region of China. The experiment was conducted on commercial farmland at Yanji region in 2013. All the experimental fields were designed following randomized block design with 3 replicates. The plant spacing was applied as 65×1 cm distance. To check the effect of seeding rate, two different seeding rate, 0.2 kg/0.1ha and 0.5 kg/0.1ha were applied. The higher seed yield was observed in low seeding rate (0.2 kg/0.1ha). The application of fertilizer (mixture of N and P) showed different results following different experimental fields. However, there were little positive effects following fertilizer application into commercial farmland. When we compare seed yields between two different seeding dates, 4th May and 29th May, the earlier seeding date (4th May) showed higher seed yields. In considering these results, low seeding rate and early seeding time is important for getting high camelina seed yields.
In southern region of Korea, double cropping system including soybean as a second crop is widely adopted because prolonged high temperature in October enables soybean maturation even in late autumn. Global warming during decades derives transition of soybean planting dates as late as late-July. Delayed planting beyond the critical time moves reproductive stage to less favorable weather conditions like low temperature and short photoperiod, which can affect soybean yield and seed composition. Therefore selection of appropriate cultivar for changed climate and cultural practice is required. Effects of different eco-type and planting date on soybean yield was investigated for three sowing dates of 20 June, 5 July and 20 July with ten cultivars. Strong interaction between cultivar and sowing date was detected in number of branch, node and pod. No significant interaction was observed in 100-grain weight and yield, and this might be resulted from similar yield reduction pattern. Daepung, Taekwang and Uram recorded the highest yield when planted late, proving that these three cultivars are the most adaptable to delayed planting. Delayed planting results in higher sugar content, especially stachyose and raffinose which have detrimental effect on human health by causing flatulence and diarrhea. Protein content was decreased and oil content was increased in July 20 planting. Decrease in protein content was the largest in Hwangeumol and maintained high in Saedanbaek. This information will provide a guideline when select appropriate soybean cultivar in delayed planting to maintain yield and seed quality.
Studies were carried to evaluated the influence of storage method by temperatures and fillers on yield and quality of seed rhizome in turmeric. Seed rhizome was stored at styrofoam box filled with rice hull and sand (3:1) or vermiculite for 30, 60 and 90 days at different temperatures (5, 10 and 15℃. compared to traditional method (rhizome only). Parameters were obtained for weight loss, cold injury, percentage of decayed in stored rhizome during storage periods. Also, the germination, growth pattern and yield from stored rhizome has been investigated. It was confirmed that storage of turmeric in stored with filled with vermiculite helps in prevention of rhizomes from microbial and fungal attack. The storage of rhizomes in styrofoam box without any filler at low temperature below 10℃. is not advocated due to heavy losses weight and decayed in management of postharvest for turmeric rhizome. Germination percentage, growth pattern and yield was maximum for rhizomes stored at styrofoam box filled with vermiculite for 90 days at 15℃. The paper outlines a brief attempt to assess the efficacy of non-chemical methods including optimal storage method (temperature and filler) of control of decay and moisture losses during storage of turmeric.
The aim of this field experiment was to investigate the possible effects of mepiquat chloride (TE) and trinexapac-ethyl (MC) on oil composition, seed yield and endogenous gibberellins content of flax cultivar. Foliar application of plant growth retardants mepiquat chloride (0.897, 1.794 and 2.691 kg a.i. ha-1) and trinexapac-ethyl (0.756, 1.512 and 2.668 kg a.i. ha-1) had significantly increased seeds ripening rate and seed yield. In contrast, plant height was decreased by foliar application of MC and TE. The application of MC significantly increased seed oil yield (730 kg ha-1 by 27.0%) compared to the control. Seed and oil yield, and unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid) were increased by foliar application of MC.
This study was conducted in an effort to evaluate the effect of two gibberellin biosynthetic inhitiors, mepiquat chloride (MC 200, 400, 600 ppm) and trinexapac-ethyl ethyl (TNE 100, 200, 300 ppm) on flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seed oil composition, growth characteristics and seed yield when applied at vegetative stage. A foliar spray of 600 ppm MC was found to be most effective, resulting in decreased plant height, and an increased seed yield (1,963 kg ha-1) with highest oil content (37.2 %). Ripened seed rate ranged 90.2 –91.9% in MC treated flax and 93.7- 94.1% in TE treated flax, respectively. MC treatment increased seed yield 10.9 – 21.6% and TNE treatment also increased 7.9 –11.8% compared to the control. The significant increase of flax seed yield in MC treatment was observed 600 ppm between these concentrations. Two gibberellin biosynthetic inhibitors, MC and TNE were 1.6 – 5.5% more ripened compared to the control. An increased unsaturated fatty acid was observed when higher concentration was applied to flax plant. Endogenous GA4 content was always higher than GA1 content in both MC and TE treatment.
Soybeans X soybeans mosaic virus (SMV) strains interactions affected plant growth and seed transmission. Strain virulence of SMV depended on host cultivars. Kwangankong and Tawonkong were susceptible to G7H and G5 strains, causing mosaic symptoms. The distribution patterns of two SMV strains in soybean plants inoculated with G7H, G5 and G7H/G5 sets were investigated by RT-PCR/RFLP analysis. In the first treatment, two primary leaves in a single plant were infected with both strains by means of one strain per leaf. The leaves of Kwangankong and Tawonkong at V2, V4 and V6 stage were doubly infected with the two strains and the upper leaves than those had only G7H strain. Secondly, the two soybeans were inoculated with G7H, and 24 h after followed by the other strain inoculation. The leaves of V6 and V8 stages in all infected plants showed mosaic symptoms caused by G7H, and there was no detection of G5 strain. In contrast, the reverse treatment with G5 and G7H induced different results. Pre-inoculated G5 strain detected in every stage besides G7H strain. Host X SMV strain compatibility influenced seed coat mottling, yield, plant height, number of pod per plant. G7H had a seed mottling rate of 98.5% in Kwangankong, while G5 had an incidence of seed mottling of 1.4% in the same cultivar. G5 was more virulent to Kwangankong and had a lower affinity for infecting soybean seed mottling. Additional inoculation of G7H protected soybean yield and growth from G5-inducing loss in Kwangankong.
감자 분무경산 소괴경을 심지양액 재배하여 기본식물을 생산할 때, 심지의 배치방법에 따른 씨감자의 생산성 조사하고, 심지를 수평으로 배치할 때 알맞은 심지수를 구명하고자 상자(51×31×20cm , 0.16m2 )당 심지 6개를 수직으로 배치하는 처리와 2~10 개의 심지를 수평으로 배치하는 처리를 두었다. 괴경수는 심지 6개를 수직으로 배치하는 것에 비하여 수평으로 배치함으로 증가하였고 평균괴경중은 감소되어, 괴경수량은 심지 6개의 배치방법에 의하여 영향을 받지 않았다. 상위급씨감자로 사용될 수 있는 5 g 이상의 괴경수는 심지수가 2개에서 6개로 증가됨에 따라 2.8개/주에서 8.0개/주로 증가되었으나, 심지수 6 이상에서는 더 증가되지 않았다. 평균괴경중은 심지수 8개까지 심지수가 많을수록 무거웠으나 심지수 10개에서는 더 이상 무거워지지 않았다. 5 g 이상의 괴경수량은 심지수가 2개에서 6개로 증가됨에 따라 1.81 kg/m2 에서 9.72 kg/m2 으로 크게 증가되었다가, 8개 이상에서는 심지수 증가에 따라 완만히 증가되어 심지 10개 처리구에서는 12.9 kg/m2 이었다. 씨감자 수량과 심지비용, 배지충진 작업의 편리성을 고려할 때 상자당 심지 8개(50.6개/m2 )를 상자의 밑면에 눕혀 수평으로 배치하는 것이 유리할 것으로 판단된다.
상위 씨감자 순환식 심지양액재배에 있어서 송이의 배지 재료로서의 이용 가능성과 알맞은 재식밀도를 구명하고자 송이 + 피트모스(1:2, v/v)와 펄라이트 + 피트모스(1:2, v/v) 배지에 대지 소괴경(7.0±0.2g )을 상자(0.16m2 )당 각각 3, 6, 9, 12, 15주(19, 38, 56, 76, 95/m2 )를 심어 생육 및 수량을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 조사된 모든 형질에 있어서 배지종류와 재식밀도간 유의한 상호작용이 없었다. 생육불량주가 상자당 3주~ 12주재식구에서 8.3~14 이었으나 15주재식구에서는 25.8%이었다. 2. 줄기 및 잎의 길이, 주당 경수 등은 배지종류에 따른 차이가 없었으나 m2 당 ~geq5g 괴경수 및 괴경수량은 송이혼용배지에 비해 펄라이트혼용배지에서는 각각 21% 및 32% 증가되었다. 3. 재식밀도가 상자당 3주에서 9주로 증가됨에 따라 줄기 및 잎의 길이가 작아졌으나 더 밀식될 때에도 이상 감소되지 않았으나 주당 괴경수 및 괴경수량은 밀식할수록 감소되었다. 4. 재식밀도가 상자당 3주에서 15주로 증가됨에 따라 m2 당 ~geq5g 괴경수 및 괴경수량은 각각 101개와 6.3 kg에서 269개와 11.6 kg으로 증가되었다. 5. 소괴경 심지양액재배 시 펄라이트 + 피트모스 배지가 보다 적합하며, 생육불량개체비율, m2 당 ~geq5g 괴경수과 괴경수량 등을 고려한 알맞은 재식밀도는 소괴경이 충분할 경우 m2 당 76주 정도, 부족할 경우 56주 정도로 판단된다.
Field experiments were conducted to determine the physiological and biochemical basis of the interactive effect of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) application on seed and xanthotoxin yield of Ammi majus L. Six treatments were tested (T1 = control-without manure and fertilizers, T2 = manure @ 9 kg plot-1-10~;t~;ha-1,~;T3=A0N50K25P25,~;T4=S40N50K25P25,~;T5=S40N100K25P25~;T6=S20+20N50+50K25P25) ). Nitrate reductase (NR) activity and ATP-sulphurylase activity in the leaves were measured at various phonological stages, as the two enzymes catalyze rate-limiting steps of the assimilatory pathways of nitrate and sulphate, respectively. The activities of these two enzymes were strongly correlated with seed and xanthotoxin yield. The highest nitrate reductase activity, ATP-sulphurylase activity and xanthotoxin yield were achieved with the treatment T4 . Any variation from this treatment decreased the activity of these enzymes, resulting in a reduction of the seed and xanthotoxin yield in Ammi majus L. The higher seed and xanthotoxin yield achieved in Ammi majus L. at treatment T4 could be due to optimization of leaf soluble protein and photosynthetic rate, as these parameters are Influenced by S and N assimilation.
A new black seed coated soybean cultivar, "Ilpumgeumjeong 2" was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural ResearchInstitute (YARI) m 2005. Ilpumgeumjeong 2 was selected &om the cross between "Milyang 68" and "Suwon 178". The prelim-inary, advanced and regio