Cirsium setidens, Allium hookeri, Aronia melancocarpa, are popular dietary ingredients for Asian cuisine or beverage. this study attempted to search and report the antioxidant activity of extracts of aronia, gondre and samchae, which are used for food in Korea. As a result, total phenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity tended to increase, and Gondre extract showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity effect. The results of a study on the ABTS radical scavenging activity of extracts of Gondre, Aronia, and Samchae showed a tendency for radical scavenging activity to increase as the concentration increased. Gondre hot water extract showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity. In this way, antioxidant activity was shown in the order of Gondre, Aronia, and Samchae, and the concentration showed a high activity effect at high concentrations. In the cell protection effect results, the concentration of Gondre extract was 500 μg/mL, the Samchae alcohol extract was used at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 μg/mL, and the Aronia extract was used at concentrations of 125 μg/mL. and showed a cytoprotective effect at 250 μg/mL. We hope that these research results will be used as basic data for the development of various functional foods.

Bangladeshi medicinal plants (BMP) have a history of traditional use in treating chronic inflammatory diseases, but a BMP bark’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects remain largely unexplored. This study assessed methanolic extracts’ antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties from the bark of 15 medicinal plant species native to Bangladesh. The methanol extracts of BMP bark were evaluated for their total antioxidant activity and ability to counteract inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Among the 15 bark extracts from BMP, Albizia odoratissima (A. odoratissima), Engelhardia spicata (E. spicata), and Shorea robusta (S. robusta) showed the highest total phenolic contents and total antioxidant capacity by effectively scavenging free radicals. In particular, these three bark extracts significantly reduced the mRNA expression of LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines and enzymes inducible by inflammation in macrophages. Also, the mRNA expression of NADPH oxidase 2 was significantly suppressed by the three bark extracts in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. These results suggest that out of the 15 bark extracts obtained from medicinal plants in Bangladesh, the extracts from A. odoratissima, E. spicata, and S. robusta exhibit substantial total antioxidant capacity by efficiently scavenging free radicals and also inhibit LPS-induced inflammation in macrophages.

This study was performed to investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of perilla(Perilla frutescens L.) seed, flower and leaf according to extraction condition. Perilla seed extracts(PSE), perilla flower extracts(PFE), perilla leaf extracts(PLE) was extracted by stirring extraction (STE, 25°C), shaking extraction (SHE, 80°C), and sonication assisted extraction(SAE, , 25°C) with 94% ethanol, 60% ethanol and distilled water, followed by analysis of total polyphenol and flavonoid and testing radical scavenging activities. The highest total polyphenol content (5.47, 9.36, 38.58 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), total flavonoid content(5.77, 8.62, 46.44 mg catechin equivalent/g), ABTS(10.68, 19.46, 63.56 mg trolox equivalent/g) and DPPH(6.51, 7.69, 79.73 mg trolox equivalent/g) radical scavenging activity of PSE, PFE and PLE was observed in the HWE with 60% ethanol,. Among the three extraction method, SHE provided the best results for yield, polyphenol, flavonoid content of perilla seed, flower, leaf in comparison to STE or SAE. SHE with 60% ethanol of perilla seed, flower, leaf more effectively inhibited secretion of nitric oxide(NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokine in RAW 264.7 macrophage exposed to LPS compared to other extraction solvent and method. Therefore, these extracts obtained from perilla seed, flower, leaf could be used antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredients in the food industry.

The purpose of this study was to investigate nutritional and functional ingredients and antioxidant activity after fermenting rice bran using Lactobacillus brevis for 24, 36, and 48 hours. The results of the analysis of the nutritional ingredients revealed that there was no significant difference in the carbohydrate, crude protein, crude fat and ash content regardless of the fermentation process and fermentation time. The amount of dietary fiber was significantly different between the unfermented and fermented rice bran and was observed to be the highest after a 48-hour fermentation. The -oryzanol, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and total phenolic contents were significantly higher in the fermented rice bran compared to the unfermented rice bran (p<0.05) and the GABA and total phenolic contents increased significantly as the fermentation time increased (p<0.05). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS), superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities used to measure antioxidant effects significantly increased as the fermentation time increased (p<0.05). From these results, it was confirmed that the antioxidant effect and functional components, namely -oryzanol, GABA, and the total phenolic content of rice bran improved with fermentation. Based on these results, fermented rice bran could be presented as a functional material for use in high value-added industries.

기존의 합성 항산화제를 대체하기 위하여 천연물질 유래 항산화제인 파프리카 추출물을 돈육 패티에 이용하였다. 본 연구에서는 항산화제를 첨가하지 않은 돈육 패티(C), 합성 항산화제인 아질산염을 첨가한 돈육 패티(NC), 파프리카 추출물을 5 mg 첨가한 돈육 패티(T1), 파프리카 추출물을 10 mg 첨가한 돈육 패티(T2)를 제작하여 실험을 실시하였다. 돈육 패티는 7 ℃ 냉장 온도에서 0일 및 7일간 저장하였으며, pH, 육색, 가열 감량, 지방산패도, 및 카르보닐함량을 비교하였다. C에 비해 모든 처리구에서 낮은 pH와 가열 감량을 보였다(p < 0.05). 처리구에서 낮은 명도와 높은 적색도 값을 나타냈다. 또한 합성 항산화제인 아질산염 첨가구보다 파프리카 추출물 첨가한 돈육 패티에서 높은 적색도를 나타냈다(p < 0.05). 모든 처리구에서 저장기간이 증가할수록 카르보닐함량과 지방산패도는 증가하며, 저장 7일째 처리구에서 낮은 카르보닐함량과 지방산패도 를 보였다(p < 0.05). 특히 저장 7일째, 합성 항산화제인 아질산염을 첨가한 돈육 패티에서 가장 낮은 지방산패도를 보였다. 파프리카 추출물 또한 지방산패도를 낮추며, 파프리카 추출물 첨가량이 높을수록 더 크게 지질산화를 억제하였다. 따라서, 돈육 패티에서 파프리카 추출물을 첨가하면 돈육 패티의 산화를 억제할 수 있음을 확인했다. 또한 파프리카 추출물의 첨가량을 조절함으로써 아질산염과 유사한 항산화능을 지님을 확인하여 천연 항산화제로서의 가능성을 확인하였다.

This study was conducted to provide basic data on the antioxidant activity, inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of a mixture of Brassica juncea extract (BJE) and fermented black rice fraction (BRF). We investigated the total phenol content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant effects (DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, reducing power, FRAP and ORAC assay) and anti-obesity activity of the mixture in 3T3-L1 cells. Our results showed that the total phenol and flavonoid content increased with increasing BRF mixture ratio. The antioxidant activity increased as the BRF mixture ratio increased. In addition, BJE and BRF mixtures did not show any cytotoxicity during the 3T3-L1 differentiation period. During adipocyte differentiation, BJE and BRF mixtures significantly inhibited lipid accumulation and ROS production compared to the control group. These results warrant further experiments to develop an anti-obesity functional food using a mixture of BJE and BRF.

The objective of the present experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE), and betaine (BT) supplementations on productive performance, egg quality, relative organ weights, liver visual characteristics, antioxidant status, immune response, and stress indicator in laying hens raised under heat stress conditions. A total of 280 47-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 7 replicates in a completely randomized design. Each replicate had 10 birds per cage. The basal diet was formulated to meet or exceed the requirement estimates for Hy-Line Brown laying hens. Three additional diets were prepared by adding 250 mg/kg VC, 250 mg/kg VE, or 3,000 mg/kg BT to the basal diet. The experimental diets and water were provided to hens on an ad libitum basis for 8 wk. Average daily room temperature and relative humidity were 30.7±1.41℃ and 72.5±11.61%, respectively. Results indicated that hens fed diets containing 250 mg/kg VE had a less (p<0.05) egg production rate than other dietary treatments. For egg quality, hens fed diets containing 3,000 mg/kg BT had a less (p<0.05) eggshell thickness than those fed the diets containing 250 mg/kg VC or 250 mg/kg VE. For antioxidant status, there was a tendency (p=0.09) for the least malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the liver for BT treatment. A tendency (p=0.05) was observed for less blood heterophil:lymphocyte ratio in BT treatment as compared to other treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 250 mg/kg VC, 250 mg/kg VE, and 3,000 mg/kg BT has no beneficial effects on productive performance, egg quality, relative organ weights, liver visual characteristics, and immune responses of laying hens raised under the current heat stress conditions. However, dietary supplementation of 3,000 mg/kg BT alleviates antioxidant status and stress response of laying hens exposed to heat stress.

본 연구에서는 시엽의 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 활용 가능성을 평가하기 위해 항산화와 인 간섬유아세포인 CCD-986sk 세포에서의 항주름 효과를 알아보았다. 전자공여능 측정, ABTS+ radical 소거능 측정을 통해 항산화 활성을 확인한 결과, 시엽은 1,000 μg/ml 농도에서 대조군인 ascorbic acid 와 농도 의존적으로 유사한 항산화 활성을 보였다. Elastase 저해 활성 측정, Collagenase 저해 활성 측 정을 통해 항주름 효과를 확인한 결과, 시엽은 1,000 μg/ml 농도에서 대조군인 epigallocatechin gallate 와 농도 의존적으로 유사한 항주름 효과를 나타내었다. UVB로 유도된 CCD-986sk 세포 내 pro-collagen type I의 합성률과 MMP-1의 저해률을 측정한 결과 대조군인 EGCG는 20 μg/ml에서 90.2%, 시엽은 30 μg/ml에서 88.5%의 pro-collagen 합성률을 보였다. 또한 EGCG 20 μg/ml와 시엽 30 μg/ml에서 각각 33.0%, 40.8%의 MMP-1 저해율을 확인하였다. Western blot을 통하여 시엽의 pro-collagen type I과 MMP-1의 단백질 발현량을 측정한 결과 UVB 단독군 대비 시엽을 함께 처리했 을 때 pro-collagen type I의 단백질 발현량이 증가하고 MMP-1의 단백질 발현량이 감소하는 것을 확 인하였다. 위 실험결과에 따라 시엽이 UVB 자극에 의한 광노화를 예방하고 항산화, 항주름 효과가 있음 을 확인하여 화장품의 천연물 소재로서의 이용이 기대된다.

This study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant effects of rice cookies containing different percentage of freeze-dried plum powder (3%, 5%, 6%, and 12%). The density of the dough and the thickness of the rice cookies from the control group and the additive group were not significantly different. The pH value of the dough, its moisture content and spread factor, as well as the Hunter’s L and b values of the rice cookies significantly decreased as the amount of dried plum powder added increased. However, the sweetness, hardness, thickness, Hunter’s a value, total polyphenol, total flavonoid and anthocyanin contents, DPPH and ABTS free radials scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the rice cookies significantly increased as the amount of dried plum powder added increased. Overall, the results of this study showed that adding dried plum power enhanced the antioxidant activities and quality characteristics of rice cookies.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of heat-killed lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produced under different temperature conditions. Regarding probiotic properties, Limosilactobacillus fermentum SMF743 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SMF796 isolated from kimchi showed strong acid and bile salt resistance, adhesion activity onto HT-29 cells, and antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Based on the results of thermal death time and temperature, heat-killed LAB cells (1 mg/mL) were prepared by heating at 70oC (180 min), 80oC (120 min), 100oC (30 min), and 121oC (15 min). The heat-killed SMF743 and SMF796 showed significantly higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities than live cells (p<0.05). The heat-killed SMF743 and SMF796 at 70oC or 121oC revealed stronger DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and inhibition of nitric oxide production than those at 80oC or 100oC. Furthermore, heat-killed SMF743 and SMF796 at 121oC significantly reduced the gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase- 2 up to 53.33%, 58.67%, and 83.67%, respectively, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells (p<0.05). These results suggest that heat-killed L. fermentum SMF743 and L. plantarum SMF796 can be used as natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents.

In this study, the quality characteristics of kimchi, such as its salinity, pH, and acidity, were measured and compared, and the HT-29 human colon cancer cells were used to show the anticancer effects of kimchi. The kimchi samples used herein included standard kimchi (SK), turnip kimchi (TK), and turnip-powder-added kimchi (TPK). The measured pH and acidity of TK and TPK showed no significant differences with those of SK. Compared to SK and TK, TPK had higher DPPH scavenging activity and higher total flavonoid content, confirming its antioxidant activity. The cancer cell growth inhibition rates of TK and TPK were significantly higher than that of SK. In HT-29 cells treated with TPK, the mRNA expression of Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptosis-related gene, was lower, and the mRNA expressions of the apoptosis-related genes Bax, Bad, and caspase-9 were higher. TPK showed significantly higher levels of mRNA expressions for the cell-cycle-related genes p53 and p21 than the other samples, in addition to suppression effects on cancer cell proliferation. Compared to SK, TK and TPK suppressed the growth of colon cancer cells and showed higher anticancer effects. Therefore, it is shown that kimchi with added turnip powder had high anticancer effects.

Laminaria japonica is a type of brown algae widely consumed in Asian countries and contains many essential nutrients and exhibits anti-obesity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of a Laminaria japonica water extract (LJE) were investigated using an in vitro model. Mean total polyphenol content of LJE was 2.16±0.11 μg GAE/mg, and LJE dose-dependently inhibited ABTS radical activity but did not scavenge DPPH radicals. In addition, LJE enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production and upregulated the mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6) in RAW 264.7 cells. On the other hand, LJE inhibited NO production and downregulated proinflammatory cytokine mRNA levels in endotoxin-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Thus, our data show that LJE has moderate antioxidant activity and biphasic immunomodulatory effects on RAW 264.7 cells. In summary, the study indicates that LJE has potential therapeutic use as a novel biphasic immuno-modulator.

This study was conducted to investigate the growth and antioxidant activity of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia. The diameter and dry weight of the mycelia were increased in the medium supplemented with Aronia compared with the untreated medium. The total polyphenol content of mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia and untreated medium was 6.54 mg GAE/g and 5.77 mg GAE/g, respectively. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia and untreated medium was 61.81% and 49.65%, respectively. Moreover, the 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity of mycelia grown in medium supplemented with Aronia and untreated medium was 59.83% and 52.66%, respectively. These results confirmed that P. ostreatus mycelial growth and antioxidant activity were increased when Aronia was added to the culture medium.

Sprouts have various health benefits. Specifically, wheat sprouts are rich in bioactive compounds, such as vitamins and polyphenols. Elicitation induces and enhances secondary metabolite biosynthesis in plants. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) treatments on the growth profile, free amino acid content, and antioxidant activity of germinated wheat (Triticum aestivum). Wheat seeds were germinated at 20℃ for 10 days and treated with 0, 2, 4, 7.5, and 10 mM of NaCl 10 days before harvesting. Treating the soil bed with NaCl increased the nutritional component amounts, such as free amino acids and γ- aminobutyric acid. The chlorophyll a and b concentrations were the highest in the hydroponic system treated with 7.5 mM NaCl. In addition, the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of sprouts treated with 2 and 7.5 mM NaCl were 1.94 and 1.34 times higher than that of the control sprouts (0 mM NaCl, water only), respectively. These results suggest that 2 to 4 mM NaCl treatments improve the nutritional and food quality of wheat sprouts more than water only.

The antioxidant effects by pre-treatment of Hutgae fruit water and ethanol (30°, Soju) extract on refrigerated eels were analyzed. The antioxidant activities were measured through DPPH and ABTS scavenging effect, values of acidity, peroxide, carbonyl, and TBA. The peroxide prevention effects of linoleic acid and eel oil were also assessed. Regarding DPPH radical scavenging, Hutgae ethanol extract presented higher scavenging effects than vitamin C 5 mM solution (p<0.05). The eel’s peroxidation degree was measured through 21 days of refrigeration after cleaning and immersion into the extract solution for one hour. Upon measuring the values of four different peroxide indicators, those of eels pre-treated with Hutgae extracts were lower than those of eels untreated. The POV of Hutgae ethanol extract, vitamin C 5 mM, and the control was 11.1, 11.3, 15.5 meq/kg, respectively. Hutgae ethanol extract showed higher antioxidant activities in TBA value, and carbonyl value than other samples. In linoleic acid or eel oil, Hutgae extract was as superiorly effective in preventing peroxide generation of refrigerated eels as vitamin C 10 mM solution. In conclusion, pre-application of Hutgae water and ethanol (30°, Soju) extract on eels was proved to be competent in stopping peroxidation of eel in refrigeration.